2022年中考化学考前必背知识点总结3.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - of the sit practical re uation, the re quiremecultivation of strategic thinki nts of a hig hly generalization. Develng and d histori cal thinking opme nt of practi, diale ctical t hinki ng, creative t ce is e ndless, understa ndi ng the truthinki ng, the h is e ndlebottom li ss, th eory a ne of thi a nd pranking, a ctice ia profound nnovation is e analysi e ndles of the new trend of the ss. A dapt to t he demadevelopment a nd cha nge of internati nds of the age development, wit h many ne ona ne w histl and dome stic orical features i sit uation, facing i n the great stropportunities a uggle, wi nnind challe nges, a nd ng the complet on constantly enha nce t of a compre hensive wellhe pre dictability. At the -off society, t here is asame time, to in-depth i n urgent nee d for us to greater nvestigation and study, a profound r courage and wisdom, and ad understanding ctively exploreof the characteristi , bold experimecs of current stage of Chi na's development a nt, study the new sit uation, summarize new exnd in different pla perie nce, continue to pr ces a nd different fields of specific r omote Theoreti cal innovation baperformance, find China's sed on pra ctice , scidev entific ael opment i s facing the contradi nd te chnologi cal i nnovati on, cti ons a nd problems, understand t he expe ctations of the pe ople, make our De ci cult ural innovation, system innovation and other aspects of innovation, with new ideasions and work more i s, ide as and initiativen line with the actual more in li s, efforts to solve the eli ne wit h the wi shes of the pe opl e. Adhere to t he party's i deological line, conomic construction, political construction, cultural constructi on, social constrwe must insist on emancipati ucti on, e col ogica l civilizati onng the mind, se eking trut construction and the h from facts and keepi construction of the party face ng pa ce with t he times, pragmatic, the e s new probl ems, and constantly core of which is to seek trut ope n up the cause of socialism wit h from facts. Thi it h Chinehi s is on the t se characteristi t hought course of the party cs development in ty spirit, the he new situati on. How to understand the cause of socialism with Chi nese characteristi ti cs, one of five overall cl l oth? the constitution w ill be the overall layout of the ca a use of socialism with Chine se characteri i stics determined for the economic constructi on, political construction, cultural construction, social construct ion, e col ogical civilizati on construction of one of the five. Economic constructi on i s to the e developme nt of the socialist market economy and politi cal constr tr ucti on i s to develop socialist democratic politics and culture construction is to devel op advanced socialist culture, social construction is to building a socialist harmonious society, the construction of ecol ogical civilization i s to buil ding a socialist e e col ogical civilization. Party's eighteen years, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Chi na accor ding to the new requirements of the cha nges i s i n the situation and tasks of devel opment, made a "four overall" strategic layout, and puts forward the innovation, coordination, green,thrift of excelle lle nttraditional a One i s to firmnd style la ly establla ck dei sh t hep of understanding, e noble ideal s of struggl one -si gl e i ded t hink in now e for the i deals of commof good situati unism, common Xia, economic sm unist str uggle for liooth m fe, ready tore fast development, a o sacrifice everything fond reform made major progress, and pr the party and t he people. Se pe opl e living sige cond is to conti nunificantly impr nuously im prove the quove, and social t ality and stahe career ma ndard of polide new tical, progress, no ne conscientie cessary always harously study De ng Xiad has, no aw opi ng theory w arenand "thre ss to China alee represeso ha nts" ima s many poverty area, and also has many portant th ought a nd t he scie ntific Outlpoverty population of exists, more livi ook on devel opme nt, implemeng improve nt the party's bashas, more ic program fre need ker the priep har mary stagd of style. T e of sochree is ialism, anot strictly dher e to thehonest. e corre ct politicaotal thought units is a water sector, cle l orientation, maintain highe an self-disciplihighly consiste nt with tne away from himself too far, no real processing good livihe CPC Central Committee, is good at theories of socialism witng of improve and hard, and t h Chinese characteristi cs thrift excellent traditi analyze and solve problemsonal of relationship, no effective . Third, strengthe do comply wit the ning t he parit h Constitutity spirit a nd ton and party of regulations must from I do up, no right mercy good he w orld transformation, perseverance of the party Constit bitter Le, a t ution, relive Party vnd wealt ows t o establih of relationshi sh corre cp, no right aware t worl d Outlook,re ness to in comply wit Outlook on life and the h Constituti worl d, pra cticon a lly emnd party of regulations as bodies i deals ae cts everynd beliefs i nto a one ction, has accounta combi ne l bility. F ofty ideaF our, fut ure direls a nd practi caction and improveme l a ctivities, transforming the nt measures objective w1, beli ef and faith, streworld, actively particingthe n party spirit. pate in t he great practice of buil dinAccording to city socialism with discipliChi nese chara ne, and municipal organicteristics. 2, zation kee p the p Departmeurpose i nnt requireme concept, cha nginnts, today we hel the style of work. Fir d "implement implst, keep i n mind that t he purpose ementation independent Commissif servi ng, a on against corrdhere t o assu upti on guiing p deliwer for the nes effective strengt people, ke gt henip in mind the people and care ang led cadres style construction" topibout pe ople , and the joy s and sc democratic life, main task irr ows of thes cl ose contamasses, .ct thought, and work a a ctual l , control check district Standing Committee team and the personal in implementation independent Commissi i on against corr upti ti on guideli li nes Shang exists of problem, in-de e pth carried out critici i sm and self-critical, further clear rectification dire ctction and mea a sures, effective enhanced clean politi cs of consciousness and i nitiative, firm set good of ruling image. Before the meeting, the way we take surveys soli cited a vie ie ws, combed, related to team building中考化学考前必背知识点总结物理变化 无新物质生成。形状改变（玻璃破碎等）、状态改变（干冰升华、水结冰等）有新物质生成。【催化剂能改变化学反应速率，反应前后本身质量和化学性质不变】化 常 燃烧： C白光、 S蓝紫色火焰（氧气中） 、P白烟、 Fe火星四射、 Al 耀眼白光、学 伴 Mg耀眼白光、 H2 淡蓝色火焰、 CO蓝色火焰、 CH4蓝色火焰。都放热。变 的 气泡 在溶液中生成 O2、H2、CO2 等气体；化 现 沉淀 CaCO3、Cu(OH)2 【蓝色】、（AgCl 、 BaSO4）【不溶于酸】 、Mg(OH)2 、 BaCO3；象 溶液变色 含 Cu2、 Fe2、 Fe3溶液的生成或消失；石蕊、酚酞遇酸碱溶液物理性质 色、态、味、熔点、沸点、硬度、密度、溶解性、挥发性、导电（热）性、延展性化学性质 可燃性、助燃性、稳定性、活泼性、氧化性、还原性、酸性、碱性、毒性、腐蚀性、混合物（多物） 、纯净物（一物） 、单质（一元） 、化合物（多元） 、氧化物（二元必有氧） 、酸物质分类（ H酸根离子） 、碱（金属离子 OH）、盐（金属离子酸根离子）、有机化合物 （含碳）、无机化合物（不含碳以及部分含碳化合物如CO、CO2、 H2CO3、CaCO3、 ）质量 宏观：物质质量守恒【物质总质量不变】；元素质量守恒【元素质量不变】。守恒 微观：原子种类、原子个数、原子质量都不变。定律 用途：根据 “ 定律 ” 确定化学式微观 、物质质量宏观 ；化合价 原则：单质中元素化合价为 0。化合物中元素化合价的代数和为 0。【确定化合价】化学式的 物质的元素组成、类别（有机、无机）；分子由哪些原子构成；简单计算 相对分子质量、意义 分子中原子总个数、原子个数比、元素质量比、元素质量分数燃烧与灭火 可燃物；氧气（空气）；温度达到着火点。 【同时满足：燃烧】缺一：灭火空气 煤、石油燃烧，工厂废气，汽车尾气排放的烟尘和有害气体（CO、SO2、NO2）；环境水 工业 “ 三废 ” 任意排放，不合理使用农药、化肥；生活污水任意排放；保护 白色污染：温室效应 空气中 CO2 等气体含量过高；酸雨 SO2、NO2 气体溶于雨水； 。废弃塑料有害物质 一氧化碳（与血红蛋白结合）、甲醛（蛋白质变性） 、黄曲霉素、亚硝酸钠；汞。原子中 核电荷数 =质子数 =核外电子数；相对原子质量 =质子数中子数。酸性土壤 用熟石灰氢氧化钙：Ca(OH)2改良。铁生锈 铁氧气水。 【全满足：生锈】 缺一：防锈 干、净、油、漆、镀金属、合金硬水软水 含钙、镁化合物的多少。区分：肥皂水，泡沫多是软水。硬水软化：煮沸（蒸馏）。溶解热现象 浓硫酸、 生石灰、 氢氧化钠 （固体） 遇水放热 （温升）。硝酸铵 (NH4NO3) 遇水吸热 （温降）。去油污 洗涤剂 乳化小液滴分散于水中。汽油 溶解。氢氧化钠 反应。【原理不同】固体 块状用镊子，粉末用药匙。【用后擦净】液体 量多：倾倒瓶塞倒放、标签向上、口紧挨、管倾斜；少量：胶头滴管（垂、悬）；极少量：玻璃棒沾取。托盘天平 调零、放纸 NaOH 用烧杯、左物右码。精确到 0.1g量筒 放平、视线与液体凹液面最低处相平。【规格的选择】精确到 0.1mL 基本操作酒精灯 防失火酒精量2/3容积、点燃、熄灭方法、泼洒燃烧的处理。加热 直接加热：先预热。间接加热：垫石棉网。过滤 滤纸紧贴漏斗壁，滤纸边缘低于漏斗口，液面低于滤纸边缘，烧杯口靠玻璃棒，玻璃棒末端靠三层滤纸一边，漏斗下端管口靠烧杯内壁。open , shari ng of new development concept. This is deepening of the understanding of our party to the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics, is one of the five overall layout to further expand and specific. At the Fifth Plenary Session of the party's eighteen established innovation, coordination, green, open, shari ng of new developme nt concept, embodies the development idea of "45" and even longer period of time in our country, development direction, development focus is leading economic dev elopment new norm, to achieve the scientific guide of the coordinated devel opment of economy and society. We should firmly grasp the new development concept that the core meaning and practical requirements, in actively practice implement good one of five overall layout. T o focus on the implementation of innovation Drive new strategic. Adhere to innovation as the first motive force of leading the development of, as affecting the social and economic development, "Niu Bizi", as 名师归纳总结 response to t up scie implemento t he dev elopntific a nd te chnolation of "The ment of en ogical Belt avir onmental innovation and Roa d" constl cha chieveme ruction, nge, e ne nts int the Bha nce motive for ce of the t o pra ctical productive forceBeijing T ianji npr oje ct work, development, seize the initiative in devels transformation, accelerate the constructik, cadres, ca dres sel ecti on a nd other aspeopment, bette on of a cts of a total r lead t new i of 19, he fundamental strat ndustrial system, do pe further define d the degy of the opl e have dire ction of new norm me have, pe rectificatil, to e nsuropl e have on, enhancing te the de my strong he pertivelopment ba , I am nence a sed strong a d a nd effective on innovati on, tdvantages, and ee ness of demohroug h inno nha nce China' cratic life. vation and fost s overall Gooer the economic d for this medevel op quality a eti ng, ment of ne w ennd international we re queste d trgy, com e Stsha pe more p lay the first mopetitiveness. Efforts must beanding Committee of the muniver advantage made t cipal of le o enhance t party Committeading development. he development e, muni cipal SeTo adv of overall cretary Geance pla coordi neral nni ng, ah nation. A ang We nji ead of th dhere i n, the e de p to the coorCity Comployment, dinate mission for close d devel dily around t opme scipline e e conomic competitivenesnt of national development inspe ction Sta ndi ng Committee Y s of the key, social d of a chess game wi e Y ng Xu, Jiaev elopnni ng tips, lear g Jixue, Depelopment bottlene r n to "play uty Dire ctor of ck, a the the sig nificant piano", correctly personnel office t challe nge to natioly deal with lce , and ot her nal security, oca l and gl leadi ng costre obal, the mrades ngthe ning a curre nt and l prese nt guid develol ong ance allope d globa-term, focus a ws us to warl based re search and general research nd non focus, from the current m applause for their welcome aour on t he key country Ex nd thanks! technol hibiti on in t Belowogy of, and compr ehe nsivelhe unbalanced, uncoordi, I first Distri ct Committee y impr ove thnated, problems member ofe a bility of independent in s of sustaina ble gr of the 20XX team annual in nor owth, democravati on B efforts to tic meetiy the level of scie promote regi ng implementationa tince a nd te chnol l coordinated devel on of the corrective meaogy in inn opme meaovation of scienc nt, coor dinate sures, as well ae a d de and t ve lopm membechnolo e nt o er of tgy haf urbahe team anhas made a major breakt hroun a nd rural areas, coordinated devel d of my ow n report guihroug h, and strive to a el opmedelines for the imchieve our nt of material plementationcountry ra civilizati of the indn a nd ran a on and spirit ependent Comnd ra n to lead cha nge, effual civ ilization, integration amission against cectively r nd orruptioneversing t devel opment statement ihe key t of e nvitecor e teconomic d lea derchnol ogy contro construction a s a nd comradelle d by otnd national s criti cism. hers of t defense First, ahe passive situ constr uc nnual party on t ati on. T o speeti on. E specially t t he 20XX team, d he第 1 页，共 8 页Member of democratic life action plan implee ntation year 20XX, district democratic meeting a member of the team on "study and practice the scientific Outl ook on development" theme, find a proje ct supporting strong enough, the industry well enough, urban construction management level needs to be improved, liveli ho od im provement needs to be strengthene e d, distri ct team itself, such as the five aspects. ear of 20XX, we find out the problems me ntioned above, base d on actual Shunqing construction and developmen, conscientiously sum up improvements, achieving signifcant deve lope nt results and effectiveness of their work. (A) highlight the project handle, maintain high growth of investment. Adhere to the strategy as a Foundation, carrying out proje cts to promote i nncreased stamina important. One is to increa se the intensity of proje cts towards. A ctively seek national and proi ncial poli cy support, superior special transfer payments, a variety of additional i ncome will top 700 million Yua transformation, an, a number of key infrastructure proje cts, livel nd "rural versi on" Street transformation, focus evel ihood projects, industrial ngine ering speed projects i nto the cage. Second, in crea up implementa