2022年初中英语动词变形.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载动词的变形1. 动词讲解实义动词 ：及物动词（带宾语）；不及物动词（不带宾语）；及物动词后面必需跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词；Mr Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日；He asked the teacher a few questions 不及物动词他向老师问了几个问题；本身意义完整,后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词；Birds fly. 鸟会飞；It happened in June 1932. 这件事发生于一九三二年六月；My watch stopped. 我的表停了；系动词亦称连系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必需跟表语（亦称补语）,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特点等情形；1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be 动词,例如：）He is a teacher. 他是一名老师； （is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份；2）连续系动词用 来 表 示 主 语 继 续 或 保 持 一 种 状 况 或 态 度 , 主 要 有 keep, rest,continue, remain, stay, 如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持缄默；This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜；The weather stays fine. 天气仍是很好；3）表像系动词用来表示 "看起来像 " 这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累；他看起来很难过；He seems to be very sad. 4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软；This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香；5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. Become和 get 多指人的心情或身体状态的变化,但侧重于转变后的结果；当情形变坏时, 往往用 go 表示,go 和 turn 仍可用于人或事物颜色的变化； She went / turned blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了； The rotten meat went / turned green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了； Come表示结果的圆满；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He became mad after that. 学习必备欢迎下载自那之后,他疯了；She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了；联系动词固定搭配：go mad 发疯 go bad 变烂 go wrong 出毛病了 go hungry 饿了 go blind 变瞎go redwhite 变白 红 fall ill 病倒 fall asleep 入睡 come true 实现come alive 复活 come easy变简单 keep fit/silent/calm 保持健康 /缄默 /冷静2. 时态时态 时间状语一般现在时 always, hardly, often, usually, every day, once a week, on Sundays, sometimes, at 等一般过去时 at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, yesterday, last week, ago, the other day, in 1982,just now 等一般将来时 next , tomorrow, in+ 一段时间 , before+时间点等现在完成时 / for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently现在完成进行时 等过去完成时 before, by+ 过去的时间等过去进行时 at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment 等过去将来时 . said that . the next day/week/month/year 语法项目 构 成 规章变化 不规章变化 例 句名师归纳总结 一般现在时动词用原形一般 -s es 辅音have-has He goes to school every day. y-ies 三人称单数 -s / es I often have lunch at home. 一般过去时动词用过去时一般 /去 e 双写 /go-went come-came He wrote a letter yesterday. Be was/ were 辅 y 结尾 ied do-did leave-left 等I studied hard last year. 一般将来时be going toV 原Go come leave stay Are you going to read . fly 等用进行表将来will / shall + V原He is coming tomorrow . 现在进行时bedoing 一般去 e 双写tie die lie Tom is writing now . +ing 变 ie 为 y 加 ing They are lying on the bed . 现在完成时 / have / has +PP 分词规章的同过不 规章的 动词的 过I have been teaching for 8 years. 现在完成进行去式是一样的去分词需逐个记忆have/has been+doing He has slept for two days. .过去进行时was / were +doing 一般去 e 双写tie die lie He was reading at that time +ing 变 ie 为 y 加 ing 多用于复合句中last Friday 过去完成时had+动过去分词规章的分词构成需要逐个记忆We had learnt 2000 words 多用于复合句中与过去时一样的详见不规章动词表by the end of last year. 过去将来时would + V 原形He said that he would come here 多用宾语从句中the next day . 第 2 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载3. 主动句与被动句的转化英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态；其形式为：Be 动词 + 及物动词的过去分词如： The teacher gave him a dictionary.-He was given a dictionary by his teacher. English is widely spoken in the world. 1 被动语态的用法：即不知道谁做时用被动语态 ,省略 by 短语； 不知道谁是动作的执行者如： A man was killed in the accident.一个人死于事故 yesterday.这扇窗子是昨天被打破的 不说或者众所周知是谁做时 ,用被动语态 ,省略 by 短语；/ This window was broken 如：Rice is also grown in this place.这个地方也种水稻/ A railroad will be built here in three years.三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路 强调动作的承担者,句尾加 by 短语；如：It was written by Lu Xun.它书是鲁迅写的 / A pet dog is never killed by its owner.宠物 狗是不会被主人宰杀的 2 主动语态如何改写为被动语态：主动句：主语 人 /物 + 谓语 及物动词 + 宾语 人/物 + 其他+ 状语被动句：动作的执行者 各种时态形式 动作的承担者 + 其他+ 状语主语 人/物 + 谓语 及物动词 + by +人 / 物动作的承担者 be +过去分词 动作的执行者 3 留意点：“ 动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语” 改为被动时,可以用 间接宾语 做被动句的主语；如： His teacher gave him a dictionary.He was given a dictionary by his teacher.老师给他一本字典他得到老师一本字典 也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语 ,但是需用 to 或者 for 引出原句的间接宾语；如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.老师给他一本字典一本字典由老师送给了他 His father made him a kite. A kite was made for him by his father .他的父亲给他做了一个风筝一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他 “ 动词 +宾语 +动词原形” 改为被动时 ,动词原形前要加 to. 如： The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.老板让这个可怜的人一天工作 12 小时这个可怜人被迫一天工作 12 小时 “ 动词 + +介词” 改为被动时 ,介词一般在原位不动；如： The girl takes good care of her little brother.The girls little brother is taken good care ofby her.女孩照料小弟弟女孩的小弟弟由她照料着 “be+过去分词” 未必表示被动语态 ,而可能是系表结构；如： He is pleased / worried / tired / . 系表 他兴奋 /焦虑 /疲惫 He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .被动 他被击中 /撞倒 /关照 /射中 3. 句型祈使句：句首动词用原形名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. / It cost sb. some money to buy sth. What about/ How about doing sth. 做；事情怎么样？What do you think of doing sth. 你认为做；事情怎么样？It's + 形容词 for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事很；事的性质）；（所接形容词用来修饰所做的这件例： It's difficult for him to finish the task. It's + 形容词 of sb. to do sth. 某人很；做某事（所接形容词用来修饰人的品行）例： It's very kind of you to help me with my homework. What great fun it is to do sth. 做某事太高兴啦；Do you mind （one's） doing sht. 你介意（某人）做某事吗？4. 情态动词之后一般用动词原形 Must/can/may/might/should/could/be able to/shall 5. 不定式之后用动词原形 agree to to 答应做某事ask sb. to do 要求某人做某事 invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事want sb. to do 想要（某人）做某事 plan to do 方案做某事have no time to do 有（没有）时间做某事 encourage sb to do 勉励某人做某事help sb to do 帮忙某人做某事 It's time for sb. to do 到时间做某事了 have to do 不得不 /必需做某事would like to do 想要做某事 decide not to do 打算（不）做某事hope to do/wish to do 期望做某事 wish sb. to do 期望某人做某事 例外： look forward to doing 期望做某事 如： I always look forward to hearing from my parents. 我总是期望收到父母的来 信；Prefer doing A to doing B 与 B 相比,我更喜爱 A 如：I prefer playing football to playing basketball. 与打篮球相比,我更喜爱踢足球；6. 介词之后动词一般用 -ing 形式 be good at doing 善于做某事 be good for 对做某事有好处 例： Eating less and taking more practise is good for keeping healthy.be interested in doing 对做某事很有爱好 get ready for 预备好做某事 have a good time in doing 做某事很兴奋 by/ through doing 通过做某事 例： I finally succeeded by/through studying hard. with/without doing 有（没有）做某事 例： It's not polite to leave without saying goodbye. have fun doing 做某事有乐趣 enjoy/dislike/hate doing 喜爱 /不喜爱 /厌恶做某事 finish doing 完成做某事practise doing 练习做某事名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载go + 动名词 动词 -ing spend some time in doing 花时间做某事 keep doing 保持长时间做某事的动作 keep on doing 反复做某事 be busy doing 忙着做某事dream of doing 理想做某事 thank you for doing 感谢你为我做某事see/hear/watch sb. doing 看到 /听到 /观看某人正在做某事7. 名词短语中的动词用 -ing 形式 A reading class/ a swimming pool/ a driving test make a living 谋生活 8. To do 和 doing 都有的表达,彼此之间有区分like to do 喜爱做详细的事情 like doing 强调爱好,爱好begin/start to do （已经完成前一件事）开头做另一件事；begin/start doing 某件事做到一半,停了一会儿（或中间做了另一件事）事,再开头接着做这件仍有三种情形用不定式表达：主语不是人；接心理活动；动词本身是 to start 例： It begins to rain. begin to think/know/believe stop to do 停下之前在做的事,开头做这件事 stop doing 停下手头上正在做的事Continue/ go on to do 停止做某事,连续做另一件事beginning：beginning Continue/ go on doing 做了一会儿某事,中间停了一下,连续做这件事try to do 努力尝试做某事 try doing 一种新的尝试forget/remember to do 遗忘 /记得去做某事 仍没做 forget/remember doing 遗忘了 /记得做过某事9. 双写大全 Beginning, running, planning, swimming, getting, shopping, chatting, sitting 单项题: 1. What he said sounds_. A. nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderfully 2. These apples taste_. A. to be good B. to be well C. well D. good 3. He turned _ ten years ago but later he became _. A. a teacher; a doctor B. teacher; doctor C. teacher; a doctor D. a teacher; doctor 4. The dog _lost yesterday. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. got B. became C. turned D. fall 5. The old man must have _ mad. A. gone B. turned C. fallen D. driven 6. I felt _ that I should leave. A. strong B. strongly C. to be strong D. very strong 7. Do you like the material. Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt 8. I am afraid the weather will _ hot for a few days. A. last B. be lasted C. stay D. be stayed 9. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues 10. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. doesB. feelsC. getsD. makes 11. The cloth that _ smooth and soft _. A. feels; sells well B. feels; is well sold C. is felt; sells well D. is felt; sells good 12. _ delicious, the food was soon sold out. A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste 13. Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already. A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed 14. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. D. to be seating A. seat B. seating C. seated 情态动词和动词搭配 1.- _I take the newspaper away. -No, you mustnt.You _read it only here. A.Must,can B.May,can C.Need,must D.Must,must 2.Must I reture the book at once. No,you_.but you _teturn it after school. t,need t you A.needn t,must B.mustnt,can C.mustnt,may D.can3.25. Let s go to the zoo, _ . OK. D. can A. will you B. don t you C. shall we 4.Our teacher often tells us_ in the sereet. A.no play B.not playing C.not to play D.not to playing 5.My mother is out,so I _look after my little sister. A.may B.must C.have to D.can 6.The students stopped _when the teacher came in. A.to talk B.talking C.talks D.talked _ ready for the exams. 7.Everybody is busy A.get B.to get C.getting D.get 8.Please dont forget_the door when you leave. A.pocked B.lock C.to lock D.locking 名师归纳总结 9.Please walk fast,_ well be late. 第 6 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 A.or B.and C.so D.then 10.The old lady saw me _the pen on the floor. A.dropped B.drop C.dropping D.to drop 11.I saw toe old woman _here when I was walking . A.sit,pass B.sitting,past C.sitting,pass D.sit,past 12. _the morning of september,our school begins. A.In B.On C.At D.To 动词时态练习1.I will tell him as soon as he _ back A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 2. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them. A. tries buys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies3. The girl often _ cold when she _. A. cathcs dances B. catches dances C. catchs dancees D. catches dancee4. _ he _ himself there. No, I don't think so. A. Do enjoy B. Does enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Does enjoy5. _ your teacher _ from them very often. Certainly. A. Do hear B. Does hear C. Do receive D. receive 6. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sundays. A. Does does B. Do does C. Does do D. Do do 7. _ Tom _to work hard to help his family . Yes, he _. A. Has x does B. Has x does C. Does has has D. Does have doe s 8. Which teacher _ lessons to you every day . A. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives 9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, _. _ , he does. A. does he No B. does he Yes C. doesn't he No D. doesn't he Yes10.Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays, _ he . A. goes doesn't B. goes isn't C. doesn't go does D. doesn't go is 11.He usually _ TV on Sunday evening. A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching 12. We'll go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow. A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed 13. Neither I nor he _ French. A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak 14. Nobody _ how to run this machines. A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing 15. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day. A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries 16. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games. 名师归纳总结 A. swimming playing B. swimming plaiing第 7 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. swimming I playing D. swimming学习必备欢迎下载 plaing17. Look . The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ . A. playing dance B. playing dancingC. play dancing D. play dance18. He _ to do his lessons at eight every evening. A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins 19. _ he _ on well with his friends this term . A. Does gets B. Does get C. Is getting D. Is geting20. Mr Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days. A. is writing is writing B. is writing writesC. writes is writing D. writes writes21. I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday. A. go go B. am going go C. go am going D. am going am going22. Look, they_ a good time, _ they . A. have do B. have don't C. are having are D. are having aren't23. You _ about the future now, _ you . A. don't think don't B. aren't thinking aren'tC. don't think do D. aren't thinking are24. She always _ something whenever she _. A .studied p