2022年人教版八年级上册英语语法大全.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 人教版八年级上册英语语法大全1. 否定句型 1 一般否定句 I don't know this. No news is good news. There is no person smoke/not a person/not any person smoke in the house. 2特指否定 He went to his office, not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right. 3部分否定 All the answers are not right/All is not gold that glitters I don't know all of them./I can't see everybody/everything. Both of them are not right. 4全体否定 None of my friends smoke./I can see nothing/nobody. Neither of them is right./Nothing can be so simple as this. 5 连续否定 You didn't see him, neither/nor did I. You don't know, I don't know either. He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of 6 半否定句 We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. I know little English. I saw few people. 7 双重否定更不用说 French. You can't make something out of nothing./What's done cannot be undone. There is no sweet without sweat./No gain without pains. I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. No man is so old but that he can learn. 8排除否定 Everyone is ready except you./He did nothing but play. But for your help, I couldn't do it. 9加强否定 I won't do it at all./I can't see it any more./He is no longer a boy. 2. 判定句型 1 一般判定句 It is important for us to learn English. It is kind of you to help me sincere means honest. The boy is called/named Tom. We regarded/consider it as an honor. 2强调判定 It is English that we should learn./It is he who helped me a lot. 3弱式判定名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 23 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right. You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before. Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill. He is probably ill./He is likely ill. /It is possible that he is late 4 注释判定 He can remember so many English words, that is to say he is a living dictionary. 活字典 5 正反判定 That sounds all right, but in fact it is not. 6 比较判定 It is more a picture than a poem. 7 互斥判定 He or you are wrong. Either he is right or I am. 3. 希望祁使句式 1 一般句式 Study hard and keep fit. Be brave. Don't be shy. Get out of here. 2强语式 Do tell me. Never tell a lie. 3 委婉祈使句 Please tell me the true. Would/Will/Won't do me a favor. Would/Do you mind my smoking. What/How/ about going on foot. 4建议祈使句 Let us go. Let us know the time. Don't let the fire out. Let's not waste the time. You'd better start early. Shall we listen to some music. Why don't you get something to drink. Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six. I suggest we should take the train. 5希望句 Success to you. /Wish you a good journey. May you have a happy marriage. /Here's to your success. Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship. 4. 感叹句型 How well he speaks. /How kind she is. /What a nice weather it is. Here he comes. /Such is life. /Wonderful. / Help. 5. 疑问句型 1 一般疑问句 Is he a doctor./Do you the way to the station. 2反意疑问句 He is a teacher, isn't he./It is quite cheap, don't you think. 3 特别疑问句 What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare. Who is he. What is he. 干什么的 /What is he like. / How is he. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 23 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - How do you like him. /What do you think of him. What ever do you mean by saying this. 4挑选疑问句 He is a doctor or a nurse. 5间接疑问句 Do you know how old he is. /Tell me if whether you like it. What do you think/say/suppose I should do. 6. 数词句型 1 表数目 It is exactly ten o'clock./It is five miles away from here. He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20. He is under/at most/no more than 20. 2表年月日 He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1. 3表年龄 He is 20 years old/years of age./He is at the age of 10. 4表倍数 It is four times that of last years. This is four times as big again as that one. This is four times bigger than that one. The income is double what it was. The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998. 5表计量 It is 10 meters long/wide/high./It costs me 100 yuan. I spent 10 hours to finish it./It took me 10 days to finish it. It is worth 100 yuan. 7. 关联指代句型 1两项关连 I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English. I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English. To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another. One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend. Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball. 2先后次序 First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything. First stop, then look, finally cross. At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent. 3修饰限制 This is the same book as I lost yesterday. This is the same book that I lost yesterday. 同一本书 Don't trust such a man as over praise you. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 23 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear. A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much. The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world. 4 两项连接 He can speak not only English but also French. The book is both interesting and instructive. It is neither cold nor hot. Please either come in or go out. The old worker has experience and knowledge as well. 5加和关系 Besides literature, we have grammar and writing. Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air. In addition to "if", there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses. I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book. You seem to like tea, so do I. 8. 比较句型 1等比句 He is as tall as I. / He is the same height as I. She is no less diligent than he. The lab is no better than a cottage. 2 差比句 I speak English worse than he does./He is not so/as tall as I am. Our knowledge is much inferior to their. 3 极比句 He is the tallest of all in the class. None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see. Nothing is so easy as this. 4比例句 The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance 无知 . 5 择比句 He is taller than any other boy in the class It is better late than never./They would die than live as slaves He prefers doing to talking/He prefers to do rather than to talk. He prefers mathematics to English./I'd rather stay here. 6对比句 You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy. They are working hard while you are wasting your time. 9. 比如句型 We must work like him./He behaves as his father does. He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner. 10. 条件假设句 1 一般事实 If we succeed, what will the people say. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 23 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Suppose it rains, what shall we do. Persevere坚持 and you'll succeed. 2虚拟条件句 If I were you, I would go./If you had seen it, you would have been moved. 3反条件句 Unless you try, you'll never succeed./Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot. 4唯独条件句 If only I have another chance, I shall do better. Only in this way can we learn English well. So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed. 5推论条件句 Since that is so, there is no more to say. Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior. 11. 时间句型 1一般时 When I see him, I'll tell him. 2 表同时 You'll grow wiser as you grow older. Work while you work, play while you play. He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music. 3限制时 Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out. By the time that we got there, he was out. 4交替时 Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances. At one time the baby cries, at another it talks. 5先时 I stopped hem before he began to talk with me. 6后时 I'll tell you after I finish it. 7紧接时 As soon as I see him, I'll tell him. Once you begin, you must continue. The very moment/instant that I saw him, I recognized him. On hearing the news, she bust into tears. Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering. 8连续时 I haven't seen him since I came here. A friend is never know till/until a man have need. 12. 地点句型 1 一般地点 Where have you been. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 23 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Where there is a will, there is a way. 2方位 Hebei lies in the east of China. Japan is lies to the east of China. The house faces to the south. He is sitting at the front of the classroom He is standing in front of/before me. He is sitting at the back of/behind me. He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom. He is sitting next to/besides me. He is sitting close to/near me. At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books. He is sitting on the left/right. The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain. 13. 缘由句型 He didn't go to school because he was ill. Since we are all here, let's begin our meeting. It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet. Now that we have finished the work, we can go home. I am glad to meet you. I am sorry that I hear that. Thank you for your help. That is why he failed to come. He didn't come because of/on account of the weather. He went out of curiosity. I succeeded thanks to his help. This failure is due to the fact they lack experience. Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled. What are studying English for. For what reason did you choose this. What's the point of asking his to do that. How come you never told me about it. What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled. 14. 目的句型 He stopped aside so that she could go in. He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly. He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises. He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake. 15. 结果句型 It was very cold, so that the river froze. They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 23 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He is such a good man that every one likes him. He ran so fast that no one could catch him. He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold. 16. 程度句型 How often do you write to your parents. How long do you stay at home. It is so beautiful that we all love it. It is too big for you. He is too excited to speak. He is not old enough to know this. The letter must be sent as soon as possible You must work as hard as you can. As far as I know, I can speak only English. 17. 让步句型 Though/Although he is rich, yet/still he doesn't show off. Yang as he is, he know a lot of things. Even if/though he succeeded, he was not proud. No matter what you say, I'll still try to do it. Keep calm, whatever happens. In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans. Regardless of all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end. 18. 转折句型 I searched everywhere but could not find him. You may go, only return quickly. He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery. It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon. He is still young, yet he is high up in the position. He didn't tell me the truth, I know it, though. 19. 省略句 I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so. Why not come earlier next time. 反义疑问句（ The Disjunctive Question ）又叫附加疑问句；它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证明； 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一样；名师归纳总结 1 陈述部分确定式+疑问部分否定式第 7 页,共 23 页2 陈述部分否定式+疑问部分确定式- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - They work hare, don t they. She was ill yesterday, wasnt she. You didnt go, did you. He can t ride a bike, can he. 请留意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：1 当陈述部分的主语是 I , everyone, everything, nobody 时,后面的疑问句应表示为：I am a student, arent I Everyone is in the classroom, arent they. Everything begins to grow in spring, doesnt it. Nobody will go, will they. 2. 当陈述部分有 never, seldom, hardly ,few, little ,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时,后面的疑问句就表示为：There are few apples in the basket, are there. He can hardly swim, can he. They seldom come late, do they. 3. 当陈述部分是 I think 加从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一样；I think chickens can swim, cant they. I think Lucy is a good girl, isnt she. I didn't think he was happy, was he. 4. 陈述部分有had better 时,疑问句应用hadn t开头：名师归纳总结 you d better get up early,hadn t you. 第 8 页,共 23 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. 当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要依据语气来表达：Let s go out for a walk, shall we. Let us go our for a walk, will you. Turn on the radio, will you. 6. 反义疑问句的回答用 yes, no, 但是,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实；如：They don t work hard, do they. 他们不太努力工作,是吗？Yes, they do. 不, 他们工作努力；/No, they don 对, 他们工作不努力；一、反意疑问句的一般情形1当陈述部分的主语是：等everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, somebody 合成代词时,附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往 they 用；（也可以按语法一样原就用单数；）2当陈述部分以 one 不定代词做主语时,附加问句的主语在正式常场用 one,非正式场合用 he；3当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this 或 that,附加疑问句的主语用it；（是those, these就用 they）4当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词 用 it ；5陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词,例如：rarely, nowhere, nothing, nobody, few, littleeverything, anything, nothing 等,附加问句的主语never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, none, no one, 等,附加疑问句的动词要用确定形式；6假如陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀,那么该陈述句应作确定句处理,附 加疑问句应用否定形式；二、常见句型的反意疑问句7当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时,附加疑问句的主语也用there；8感叹句的附加疑问句,其谓语要求用否定句；9祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题 A 祈使句是否定形式,附加疑问句只能用 will you ；B 祈使句是确定形式,附加疑问句用确定、否定均可；C Let 开头的祈使句要留意：1.Let 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内,表示提出建议或征求对方看法,其反意疑问句往往 用 shall we；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 23 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内,表示恳求对方答应做某事的含义,let 有allow 的意思；附加疑问部分用 will you ；3. Let me 开头表示恳求,附加疑问句用 will you ,或用 may I ；三、复合句的反意疑问句10当陈述部分是一个（带that 引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时, 附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系；但是,当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect 等结构时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语,谓语保持一样关系；而且要 留意到否定的转移问题；11当陈述部分是I m sure that,；we are sure；I m afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一样；12当陈述部分是并列句时,附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系；四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句13陈述部分中有 have 一词,且表示 “ 全部 ” 含义时, 附加疑问句部分既可用 have 也可用 do；14陈述部分中有 have to,附加疑问句部分用 do；15含有 ought to 的反意疑问句, 陈述部分是确定的,疑问部分用 shouldn't / oughtn't + 主语；He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he. / shouldn't he. 16陈述部分有 used to,附加疑问句部分可用 used 也可以用 did ；17陈述部分有 needn t时,附加疑问句部分用 need 但有时也可用 must；18 陈述部分有 must,且表示 “必需 ”时,附加疑问句部分用 mustn ,假如表示 “ 必要 ”就用needn ；19陈述部分中是 mustn t表示 “禁止 ”时,附加疑问句部分用 must；陈述部分中的 must 表示