2022年初二期末复习专题.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 初二期末考试复习专题学习目标：复习 U 1-7 的重难点词、短语、句型以及重点语法等学问点；重点语言学问点（一） U1 语法 & 句型1. I couldn t agree more. 我再同意不过了；2. include & including 3. the number of & a number of: 4. win & beat beat=defeat 的宾语是人或队伍 , 表示“ 打败 ” ; 5.win 的宾语不能是人, 而是奖金, 奖杯,竞赛,战争等,如 win an award, win the competition ；过去进行时构成：was / were + doing 用法：过去某个时间正在进行或发生的动作常与过去进行时连用的时间状语：at ten oclock last night, then,this time yesterday, at that time, from 8 to 9 last WednesdayWhen,while. 过去进行经常与when, while 引导的时间状语从句连用,意思是 "当 之时 "；when 后面既可跟连续性动词,也可跟瞬时动词,常用过去式while 后面一般跟连续性动词,常用进行时；强调两个动作同时发生,或表示对比时只能用while The telephone rang whenwhile I was taking a bath. All the students were sleeping soundly when the fire broke out. （此句中不行以用while Father was preparing a report while I was playing games. 【EX.1】1. We _ for you at 6:00a.m. yesterday.D A. wait B. waited C. are waiting D. were waiting2. While we _ the picnic, it _ to rain. A. are having; started B. have; is starting C. were having; started D. were having; was starting 3. When my brother returned last night, I _ a book. A. read B. am reading C. was reading D. am going to read 4. I often _ the British Museum while I was staying in London. A. visit B. visiting C. visited D. had visited 5. The number of the students in our class _ 50. And a number of them _ English. A. are, are B. are, is C. is, are D. is, is 第 1 页,共 13 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （二） U2 语法 & 句型、形容词的一般用法）放在被修饰的名词前做定语：a cold and windy day ；）放在连系动词后做表语：feel lonely; 常见的连系动词有：a. be, keep, stay, appear, seem something b. 感官动词： look, sound, taste, smell, feel c. 表示“ 变得”：grow, get, turn, become, fall, go ）形容词修饰不定代词something, anyone, nobody 等时,应放在不定代词的后面：interesting ）留意以下形容词加 ly 之后的区分：wide（宽敞的） widely （广泛的）：five metres wide, widely used ；deep（深度） deeply（深深的） ：five metres deep, deeply moved ；hard（努力的 /地） hardly（几乎不）：work hard, hard work, hard understand near（邻近） nearly（几乎,大部分） ： near the school, nearly everyone ）只能做表语的形容词：afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, well, ill, frightened；） ly 结尾的形容词：lonely, friendly, lively, lovely；） -ed（表示人或物的心情、状态,表示被动）与 结尾的形容词的区分-ing（表示人或物的特点、本质,表示主动）、 It is+adj.+ for /of sb. to do sth 形容词常表示事物的特点特点Eg: It is necessary for them to get an electrician to do the work for them. = They are necessary to get an electrician to do the work for them. It is +adj.+ of sb. to do sth. 形容词表示人物的内在评判（人的本质）；Eg: It is very clever of you to work out the math problem in such a short time. = You are very clever to work out the math problem in such a short time. 【EX.2】1.Computers can work out difficult problems _ quickly than human beings. A. very more B. more far C. far more D. very 2.The dress is very beautiful, but it is _ dear. A. much too B. too much C. much D. little 3. Looking _ at his mother, the little boy looked _. A.happy; good B. happy; well C. sadly; sad 4. The _boy was taken to the nearest hospital. D.sad; sadly A. ill B. sick C. good D. clever D. it, for 5. Lucy thinks _ is fun _ her to learn English. A. she, of B. her, for C. it, to （三） U3 语法 & 句型1.both and 谓语复数 nor, either 就近原就 or 第 2 页,共 13 页not only but also, neither名师归纳总结 as well as, with, along with 与前面的名词保持一样- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.too much, much too & too many 使 怎样 /做某事 make sth./sb. +adj. / v. 3.try to do & try doing 4.make 的用法使 成为 make sth./sb. + n.5.see sb sth doing & see sb/sth do 6.no one & none 7.whether & if 8.so &such 9. 语法重点：直接引语变为间接引语,把直接引语改为间接引语时,要留意以下变化：1 确定连词 &语序陈述句 : that 可以省略,语序不变；主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用 told 来代替,留意,可以说said that, said to sb.that, told sb. that,不行直接说told that 一般疑问句 : if/whether, 语序是陈述句的语序原主句中谓语动词 said 要改为 askedme/him/us 等,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation.” He asked me whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.特别疑问句 : 使用原句疑问词when, where, who 等, 语序改为陈述句语序主句的谓语动词用 asksb.来表达祈使句 : 把句子改为以下句式：2 转换人称ask/tell/order sb. not to do sth. 依据情形做相应的转变,“ 一随主,二随宾,三不变”主格： I you he she it we they 宾格：me you him her it us them 形容词： my your his her its our their 名词性物主代词：mine yours his hers its ours theirs 反身代词： myself yourself himself herself ourselves yourselves themselves 3 时态的转变主句 : 现在时或将来时,从句 :不变She says, “I ll never forget the days in the country.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.主句 : 过去时,从句 : 对应的过去时态从句中是真理性的时态不变The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 主句是过去时,从句的时态变化直接引语am / is / are 间接引语was / were 第 3 页,共 13 页一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时do / does 过去进行时did am/is/are doing was / were doing 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 现在完成时have / has done 过去完成时had + done 一般过去时was / were did 一般过去时was/were/did 一般将来时am/is/are going to do 过去完成时had + done 过去将来时was / were going to do will do would do 4 指示代词和时间状语的变化this- that these- those here- there now-then today-that day tonight-that night tomorrow-the next day/the following day next week-the next week yesterday-the day before two days ago-two days before last night-the night before the day before yesterday - two days before the day after tomorrow - in two days 留意个别趋向动词的变化：come-go, bring-take 【EX.3】用给出动词的适当时态填空：1 Not only Lily but also I _ be from China. 2 Neither I nor Lily _come from China. 3 Mom is ill. Either I or Lily _have to stay at home. 4 I, as well as Ann, _ be from China. 5 Both she and he _ be from Guangzhou. 单项题 1 David said that he _ to Beijing for three times. A went B had been C have been D goes2 Lucy told me _ me to meet Jim. A she wants B she wanted C she will want 3 Lucy told me he _ to Beijing in 2022. A will travel B would travel C travelled 4 Lily told me that the earth _around the sun. A go B went C has gone D goes （四） U4 语法 & 句型1. have gone to/have been to/have been in: have gone to+地点“ 已去了 （仍未回来）”D she want D travels have been to+地点“ 去过 （原先去过,现在已回）” 句尾常接次数或多个地点或before,或句中常有 ever, never 等；have been in+ 地点,“ 已在 （多久了） ” 句尾常接 for+ 时间段,或 since +时间点 /一般过去时的句子；2. though & althoughthough 和 although 都可以表示 “虽然 ;尽管 ”,但不要依据汉语习惯,在后面使用连词 but, 不过有时它可与 yet, still 等副词连用；例如：他虽然年纪很大了,但仍很强壮；误： Although he is very old, but he is quite strong. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 正： Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong. 相同点：用作连词 ,引导让步状语从句,两者大致同义,可换用,只是although 比 though 更为正式：Though Although it was raining ,we went there. 虽然下着雨,但我们仍是去了那儿；We are still happy, though Although we are poor, 我们虽然穷,但仍旧很欢乐；不同点：1 although 一般不用作副词,而though 可用作副词,且一般放在句末不放在句首 ,意为 “ 可是、不过 ”：It s hard work. I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦,可是我愿意干；He looks fit, though. 但他看起来很健康；2 在 as though似乎,似乎 ,even though即使,纵然 等固定短语中不能用 although：You look as though you know each other. 你们看起来似乎相互熟悉；Even though I fail, I ll keep on trying. 即便我失败了,我仍会不断尝试；3 though 可用于省略句 省略从句的主语和谓语 , although 不能 . Though he is alone, he is happy. 尽管他一个人,但他却很欢乐；though 在这里可看作副词,修饰形容词 alone 【EX.4】1. _ she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless 2. Although he is considered a great writer, _. A. his works is not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C. however his works are not widely read D. yet his works are not widely read 3. Mary had promised to give me a ticket for tomorrow. She failed, _. C. but D. too A. either B. though 4. Hard-working _he was, _ there was never enough money to pay the bills. A. though, / B. although, and C. though, but D. although, therefore（五） U5 语法 & 句型1. 英语中许多动词后都可以接两个宾语,sb.（间接宾语） ,sth.（直接宾语）Eg: take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb.假如直接宾语放在动词后的话,大多数都是用介词to 把 sth.连接起来,但是有些动词的确接for Eg: cook sth. for sb. make sth. for sb. buy sth. for sb. order sth. for sb. draw sth. for sb. 2. 宁愿做某事： prefer to do sth. = would rather do sth. 宁愿做 A 不做 B：prefer doing A to doing B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B 3. 宾语从句（关于祈使句与感叹句的转换,其它部分见 U3 复习）当直接引语是祈使句时,转换成间接引语时通常转换为 sth. 用 ask sb to do sth：ask sb. to do sth.或者 tell sb. to do 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1） 直接引语的祈使句含有 please 2） 直接引语用比较委婉的疑问句,用 tell sb. to do sth. Eg: Could/ Can you open the door for me. 1） 直接引语的祈使句不含 please 2） 直接引语用语气较为剧烈的陈述句,Eg: You should/ must open the door for me. 当直接引语是感叹句时,转换为间接引语不需要转变它的语序Eg: 1）What a beautiful lady she is. He said that what a beautiful lady she is. 2）How fast the horse is. He said that how fast the horse is. 【EX.5】1. Can you tell me _ . A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 2. I didnt know _ he will c ome or not. D. how A. that B. whether C. weather 3. The old man asked me _ . A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema 4. The weather forecast doesn t say _. B. if does it rain tomorrow A. if it rains tomorrow C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow 5. We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea. A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do （六） U6 语法 & 句型1. with + n. + 介词短语,表示相伴状况2. You have to work, don（反义疑问句）3. every day & everyday 4. go on doing & go on to do 5. except & besides 6. consider 的用法 7. until 的用法 8. other, the other, another 的用法 7. 宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how 等； 1、连接词 1由连接词 that 引导陈述句,在口语中 that 常省略； eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster. 2由连接词 whether/if 引导一般疑问句,whether 和 if 常可互换,但以下场合一般用whether. 第 6 页,共 13 页介词后的宾语从句：I'm thinking of whether he'll come. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 与 or not 连用： I don't know whether I should go or not. 3由连接代词what, whowhom, whose which或连接副词when, where, why, how 引导特别疑问句； eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for. 2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特别疑问句,都要用陈述句语序,也就是 说主谓次序不能颠倒；连接词主谓结构 eg. Bill wanted to know who did this. I don't know what's the matter with Bob. I don't know what's wrong with them. 3、时态：一般说来,主从句时态要统一；假如主句是一般现在时,从句可依据需要用其它任何时态；假如主句是一般过去时,从句应当用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时,过去进行；时,过去将来时,过去完成时） eg.Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo. 假如从句说明的是一个客观事实或真理,那么无论主句是什么时态,从句都只能用一般现在 时；eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 宾语从句的否定转移：当主句的主语为第一人称,即I, we ；谓语动词是think, guess, believe, expect 等时,不能在从句中加否定词来表示否定意义,应将否定转移到主句,即只能在主句 中加否定词； eg. I don think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. 误 【EX.6】1. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空； Yesterday our physics teacher _ tell us that light _ travel much faster than sound. My brother said he _ post that letter already. He says his parents _ leave for France three days ago. 2. 挑选正确答案填空； I don't know _ Tom will go or not. A. what B. whether C. how D. where I wonder _ they'll come here with tomorrow. A. whether B. when C. who D. how He said _ his friends asked him to the party. C. where D. who A. that B. if I don't know if it _ tomorrow. If it _, I won't go to the park. A. rains; will rain B. will rain; rains C. rains; rains D. will rain; will rain Do you know when he _ come next week. Next Friday. When he _, I'll ring you. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. comes; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; will come （七） U7 语法 & 句型 1. 关于倍数的表示D. will come; comesMy apples are three times as many as yours. 我的苹果是你的苹果的三倍多；主语 +谓语 +倍数 +as as = My apples are twice more than yours. 我的苹果比你的多两倍；主语 +谓语 +倍数（减 1）+比较级 2. used to do sth.过去经常做某事（现在已没有这种情形）be used to do sth./ be used for doing sth.被用于做某事（被动语态）be/ get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 3. If you know how to ride a bicycle, you will never forget how to do it. 当主句与从句的主语一样时,宾语从句可用“ 特别疑问词 4. 关于 if 引导的条件状语从句与宾语从句 当 if 表示“ 假如”,引导条件状语从句时+不定式” 表示；1）当谈及可能发生的行为动作,以及其可能产生的结果时,就要用“ 主将从现”Eg: If it is possible, I ll meet you at the railway station. 2）当表示客观事实、结果时,主句和从句都用一般现在时；Eg: If you heat ice, it turns into water. 3）当 if 引导的条件状语从句时,主句可以使用祈使句,或情态动词（如 can, should, may, must 等）来代替一般将来时 Eg: If you want to lose weight, you should take more exercise. = Take more exercise if you want to lose weight. 当 if 表示“ 是否”,引导宾语从句时 1） 当主句是一般现在时,从句依据实际情形用相应的时态 Eg: I wonder if you will attend the meeting tomorrow. 2） 当主句是一般过去时,从句应用过去相应的时态 Eg: I wondered if you would attend the meeting the next/ following day. 3） 当从句是客观真理时,从句永久用一般现在时 Eg: My mother told me that ice turns into water if you heat it. 用 whether 而不用 if 表示“ 是否” ,引导宾语从句的情形 当宾语从句中显现“ or not” 时 Eg: I don t know whether or not I should ask him about it. 综合练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1He was late and _ （miss）the last train. 2They lived in the country when they got_ （marry）. 3They moved into the new block before the _ （close）of the old airport. 4Look. The children _ （plant）flowers in the garden. 5Jim _（be）to Shanghai several times. 6We used to _ （swim）every day when we were children. 7How long _ you _ （live）in Nanjing since you were _ （bear）. 8These books are _（use） to me. I dont want to buy them. 9His father _ （teach）at this school since ten years ago. 10Where is my pen. How strange. It _ （be）here just a moment ago. 二、依据首字母及句意完成以下句子： 1The girl went to school a _ she was ill. 2I have had a tooth-ache for several days. You'd better go to see the d _. 3I shall come along as often as p _. 4I ve lived here