2022年现在分词的句法功能 .pdf

现在分词的句法功能现在分词（ The Present Participle）具有动词的特征以及形容词或副词的功能，可以作表语、定语、状语或在复合结构中作宾补。现在分词具有主动意义。1、现在分词作表语表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词具有主动意义，表示主语的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。要注意区别的是这类词的过去分词说明主语情感心理上的感受。例如：a. The situation is encouraging. 形势很使人鼓舞。She is greatly encouraged. 她深受鼓舞。b. The food smells inviting. 这个才真诱人。I don t feel invited to enter such an ugly building. 我没有欲望进这么难看的建筑。最常这样用的分词有：amazing / amazed， astonishing / astonished， surprising / surprised ， encouraging / encouraged，confusing / confused ，disappointing / disappointed ，exciting / excited ，interesting / interested ，puzzling / puzzled ，shocking / shocked，worrying / worried ， tiring / tired ，satisfying / satisfied 2、现在分词作定语1）上述表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词可以作前置定语，仍然表示它所修饰的名词的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。它们与对应的过去分词作定语的区别同上。He told us the disappointing news. 他告诉我们那令人失望的消息。The amusing story set the amused audience laughed all the time. 令人捧腹的故事令感到好笑的观众大笑不止。2）不及物动词的现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。例如：boiling water 沸水developing country 发展中国家moving train 行驶中的火车3）注意现在分词和动名词作定语时的区别一般来说， 现在分词表示所修饰的名词的动作，两者在逻辑上是主谓关系；而动名词主要说明所修饰名词的性质、用途等。例如：a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 熟睡的男孩a sleeping car = a car which is used for sleeping 卧铺车厢a flying bird = a bird which is flying 飞鸟a flying school = a school for training pilots 飞行学校4）现在分词还常构成合成词来作定语，如：fine-looking building 漂亮的房子easy-going man 容易相处的人far-reaching effects 深远的影响earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的变化5）现在分词作定语往往相当于一个定语从句，表示的时间通常有两种：a. 表示正在进行的动作（变为从句时需用进行时态）：Tell the children playing （= who are playing ）there not to make so much noise. Did you see the man talking （= who is talking ）to Mr. Wang? b. 表示经常性动作或当前的状态（变为从句时用一般时态）：They lived in a room facing（=that faced）south. The house standing（= that stands）at the corner of the street was built in 1995. 3、现在分词作状语1）现在分词可以作伴随状语，作用相当于and 连接的并列句。例如：Sally was lying in bed crying . 2）现在分词可以作时间状语，作用相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - Hearing （= When they heard）the news, they all jumped with joy. Walking（=When he walked ）out of the room, he found the boy still there. 如果分词表示持续性动作，前面还可以带有when 或 while。例如：Jim hurt his arm (while) playing tennis. 3）现在分词可以作原因状语，作用相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：Being poor （As we were poor ）, we couldn t afford the expensive furniture. Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. 4）现在分词可以作条件状语，作用相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Staying（=If you stay ）here for some time, you ll find the people here are friendly. 5）现在分词可以作方式状语，通常在动词stand，go，come，sit 等之后。例如：He stood leaning against the wall . 他站着靠在墙上。She came running to the station . 她跑着来到车站。6）现在分词可以作结果状语，表示一种顺其自然的结果。例如：The storm left, causing great damage and deaths. 4、现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补常用于下列情况：1） 用于与感觉有关的及物动词，如see ，notice，watch，observe，hear，listen to，look at，smell，feel，find 等。该现在分词表示上述七前面的宾语的状态或正在进的动作。I saw her coming down the street. Do you smell soothing burning ? 2）用于表示“使役”的动词如keep，get，leave，make，have 等，表示主语使宾语一直处于某种状态中。例如：The police had a hard time keeping the traffic moving. Can you get the clock going again? Who has left the machine running all night ? 4）用于介词with 的复合结构中， 表示正在发生或发生了的动作，体现主动概念。 例如：She fell asleep with the light burning. A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. With the boy leading the way, we found he house easily. （小男孩已领过路）说了那么多，练一练吧：1. Everybody wore an _ look at the _ game. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting 2. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.（上海春季高考06/36）A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait3. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.（湖南 06/21）A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 4. My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits. （安徽 06/21）A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought 5. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. （湖北 06/34）A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing 6. China became the 143rd member of the WTO on December 11, 2001, thus _ its 15-year 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - wish to join the global trade body. A. realized B. to realize C. having realized D. realizing 7. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.（江苏 06/30）A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said 8. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things.（全国 III/17 ）A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought）9. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany. （辽宁 06/25）A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 10. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. （浙江 06/5）A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared Key: ACABC DAADC 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - -