2022年高三动词时态复习 .pdf
学习必备欢迎下载动 词 的 时 态一般现在时1表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或现状、经常存在的状态。 常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day / month, once / twice a week / month等表示频度的时间状语连用。2表示永恒状态、 科学规律、普遍真理等不受时间限制的客观存在，或用于谚语中。Water boils at 100oC. The geography teacher told us 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载(that) the earth moves around the sun. 3在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作，或表示经常发生的动作或状态（ 主将从现 ） 。If it doesn t rain tomorrow, we ll go for a picnic. 4但要注意由 if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用 shall 或 will 表“意愿” ，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载5*表示按计划、规定或安排要发生的将来动作The plane from Sydney arrives at 8:45 soon. 6下列动词往往用一般时，而不用进行时态。（1）be, seem, appear, become, get 等表示状态的动词。（2）look, feel, taste, smell, sound 等表示感觉的动词。（3）have, own, possess, belong, contain, hold 等表示“拥有”的动词。（4）see, hear 等表示“看见” 、 “听精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载见”的动词。（5）agree, approve, believe, forget, guess, hope, know, mean, realize, remember, suppose, think, trust, understand, want, wish 等表示思想状况的动词。现在进行时1表示说话时刻正在进行的动作，常与 now, at the / this moment等时间状语连用。2表示现阶段正在进行但说话不一定在进行的活动。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载He is writing a novel these days . 3表示计划或预计将要发生的，常用于 come, go, arrive, leave, We are leaving for Rome next week. 4用于经常不断的行为，带有感情色彩，表示说话人对此行为的 “赞许、抱怨、反感” 等情绪，常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。The woman is always talking loud in public. 一般现在时和现在进行时1一般现在时强调一般事实或特精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载征，现在进行时强调说话时刻的饿情况。I enjoy the seaside. （一般爱好）I am enjoying the seaside. （正在度假）2一般现在时表示一贯的行为，现在进行时表示暂时的行为。They live in Shanghai. （永久住处）They are living in Shanghai. 3带有 always 等副词的句子， 若用一般现在时表示客观陈述，若用现在进行时则带有感情色彩。4 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载一般过去时1表示过去的状态或动作。和ago, last week, yesterday, in 2009 等时间状语连用The year 2009 saw/witnessed . 2表示一个已经终止的动作。We all know Lu Xun wrote a lot of novels though he used to show interest in medical science. 3表示几个连续的过去动作。Simon sighed, picked up a few pieces of paper and walked to the fax machine. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载4用于某些虚拟语气中。It time we had a break . 过去进行时1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常与 at that time, (at) this time yesterday, yesterday morning 等时间状语连用。2表示过去某个阶段正在进行的暂时性的动作。句中常有表示过去时间段的时间状语。一般过去时和过去进行时的区别1一般过去时陈述过去事实；过去精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载进行时动作的持续性。The baby cried last night. The baby was crying all night. 2在 when 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，须注意：主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时， 表示在过去某个动作发生的过程中，突然发生另一个动作。She was writing the letter when the door bell rang. be about to do sth.表示即将马上发生的动作，通常不用时间状语。She was about to leave the house when the telephone rang. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载将来时间的表达法1. 一般将来时 shall / will + do sth.（shall 用于第一人称）。用于谈论日子、时间，或表示对将来情况的预测或表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。My birthday will be on Friday this year. 2. be going to do sth. 表示打算进行的动作或目前迹象表明即将发生的动作 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载Who is going to speak first at the meeting? Dark clouds are gathering in the sky. There is going to be a storm in a minute. 3. 一般现在时，表示在规定的时间里必须要发生的行为，有很强的限定性，多用于时刻表。The flight to Paris departs at 11:00. 4. be to do sth. (1) 强调事先制定的计划、 安排，常用于宣布官方计划The Prime Minister is to visit France next week. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载(2) 用于条件状语从句中， 表示两件紧密相关的事，意为“如果要 （就必须 /必然）”If he is to succeed, he must work hard. 过去将来时表示在过去某一时间来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中，主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。would + do 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载现在完成时1表示一个过去发生的但对现在仍有影响的动作。常与 already, just, yet, before, ever, never, recently, lately, in the past/last few years, for ., since ., so far, up to now /up till now 等副词连用。2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与for 或since 连用。注意，此用法与for 或since 引导的时间状语连用时，动词须是持续动词 。He has left shanghai since 1998.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载( )表示至今为止有过的某种经历。“It / This is the first / second time that”的从句中通常用现在完成时。在“It is (has been) + 一段时间+ since ”从句中使用。3. 在时间或条件状语从句中， 现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. 现在完成时和一般过去时现在完成时可表示一个延续到精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载目前的时段动作；现在完成时所指的事件往往尚未完全过去或刚结束；一般过去时表示已经过去We have lived in Shanghai for ten years. (We still live in Shanghai)We lived in Shanghai for ten years. (We don t live in Shanghai now)My watch has been broken, and it has stopped. My watch was broken, but it s being repaired now. (The exhibition is still on.) Have 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载you seen it? (The exhibition is over.) Did you see it? 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示的动作，从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在还在继续或刚停止 ，意为“一直 ” 。常与 all day, recently, all the morning, for,since 等时间状语连用。Shes been trying to work out a solution since early morning. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载现在完成时和现在完成进行时现在完成时往往 表示动作到现在已结束，强调对现在的影响；现在完成进行时往往表示仍在进行或刚结束的动作，强调动作的延续性I ve been writing an essay. I ve written an essay. 过去完成时1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生的动作，即通常所说的“过去的过去”，在 by, by the end of, by the time, until, before, since 后接表精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：The train had leftbefore we reached the station. By the end of last month , we had produced 200,000 cars. 表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when + 一般过去时 ; No sooner had +主语 + 过去分词+ than + 一般过去时 。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载than the bus started. 2用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反。如expect, hope, intend; mean, suppose, think, want 等表意向的动词，用过去完成时表示某种过去未实现的愿望或意图（未完成虚拟） 。I had meant to give you the money this morning, but somehow I forgot. =I meant to have given you the money this morning, but somehow I forgot. *过去完成进行时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载过去完成进行时表示的动作，从过去某一时刻之前开始并一直持续到该时刻，它可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came . 将来进行时1表示按预期在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。This time next week I shall / will be sailing across the Atlantic. 2表示纯粹将来时间意义。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前发生的动作，可用来表示推测，常与表将来的时间状语或时间、条件状语从句。You will have completedthe elementary English course by this time next year . When she returns from the countryside, I shall have leftfor Beijing. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载* 将来完成进行时将来完成进行时表示将来某一时刻之前已经开始并一直持续到该时刻的动作。It is three o clock now, and I have been working for two hours; by five o clock I shall/will have been working for four hours. * 过去将来进行时过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作，常用在间接引语中 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载He said that he would be working in a shoe factory the next month. * 过去将来完成时过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间之前发生的动作，往往对该过去将来时间产生影响He knew that by eight o clock on the following night he would have finished all his work. * 过去将来完成进行时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 23 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载过去将来完成进行时表示的动作，从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，动作可能继续下去It was three o clock then, and he had been working for two hours; by five o clock he would have been working for four hours. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 24 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载动词语态复习1、被动语态考查要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词 或 be+being+过去分词 ，口语只也有用 get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态 （by 短语有时可以省略） 。（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 25 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday. 主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变） ；（作补语的）不定式前需加 to 。The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day long(by the boss). 短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 26 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载“尾巴” 。The children were taken good care of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 情态动词和 be going to、be to 、be sure to 、used to 、have to 、had better等结构变被动语态， 只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be + 过去分词。当句子的谓语为say、believe 、expect 、 think、 know、 write、consider 、report等时，被动语态有精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 27 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载两种形式： （A） 谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用 it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy. =It is said that he is a smart boy. =He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first. =It is known that paper was made in China first. =Paper was known to be made in China first. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 28 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载类似句型有： It is said / known / believed / thought that （2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last 、hold 、benefit、contain 、equal 、fit、join 、mean 、last 、look like 、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own 、belong to等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 29 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like 、love 、hate等。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有 sell 、write 、wash 、open、lock 等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 30 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载（3）主动形式表被动意义。当 feel 、 look 、 smell 、 taste 、 sound等后面接形容词时；当cut 、read、sell 、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示 “开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily .这种布易洗。These novels sell well. 这些小说很畅销。My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door won t lock. 门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 31 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载当 break out 、take place、shut off 、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off. want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。The shoes need /want washing. be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。在“ be + 形容词 + to do”中，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 32 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to get along with. 另外： be to blame(应受谴责 )for.也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated 坐着He is seated on a bench. （He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 33 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载be hidden 躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。be lost迷路be drunk 喝醉be dressed 穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. *（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 34 页，共 35 页学习必备欢迎下载的特点或状态。如：The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态 ) The book is well sold.(系表结构 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 35 页，共 35 页
