2019-2020同步译林英语必修二新突破讲义：Unit 3　Section Ⅵ　Language points（Ⅲ）（Project） .doc

Section Language points()(Project).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1He stood as a candidate(候选人)in the local elections.2Im going to complain to your superior(上级)3I have this image of you as always being cheerful and optimistic(乐观的)4He has applied(申请)for a position in a native company.5Women are only asking to be given equal status(地位)with men.6The voyage from England to India used to take six months.7For products，quality is more important than quantity.8I am very sorry indeed for my foolish behaviour.9He has no desire to go abroad at this time.10A new satellite will be put into orbit around the earth.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1apply vi.申请vt.使用，应用application n申请，请求；申请书；应用2optimism n乐观optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的3survive v生存，挺过(难关)survival n幸存，存活survivor n幸存者动词去ealn.表示“旅行”的名词survival n幸存arrival n到达approval n批准，同意journey n旅行；行程trip n旅行tour n旅游，旅行.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1rather than而不是2have a strong desire to do sth. 有做某事的强烈欲望3apply for 申请4be required to do 被要求去做5describe.as. 把称为6in control of 掌管，控制，管理7in the end 最后8be proud of 以为骄傲9look up to 敬佩.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1His grandfather is in control of the company.2They all look up to him as their leader.3She applied for a job with the local newspaper.4I think youd call it a lecture rather than a talk.5His past record is certainly something to be proud ofgoadv./prep.短语表示“把看作”的短语go against 违背go ahead 好吧，行吧go by 流逝；过去view.as.认为是consider.as.把看作think of.as.把看作背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.It made him Chinas first astronaut in space.这使他成为进入太空的首位中国宇航员。“make宾语宾补(名词)”复合结构。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也会变傻。2.They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills.他们不仅学习成为宇航员所必修的全部科目，还学习生存技巧not only.but also.“不但而且”，用于连接平行结构。They speak English not only in class but also after class.他们不仅在课堂上说英语，课后也说。3.Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of Chinas first astronaut.虽然杨利伟并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。强调句式：It is/was被强调部分that其他成分It was his father that I met in the park.我在公园里碰到的是他的父亲。 desire n愿望，欲望；渴望vt.渴望，期望(教材P58)He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.他总是有一种强烈的学习飞行的愿望。(1)have no desire for sth./to do sth.没有得到某物/做某事的愿望，不想要某物/做某事satisfy ones desire 满足某人的愿望at sb.s desire 应某人的要求(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事Im sorry not to satisfy your desire.很抱歉我不能满足你的愿望。He desires to be offered(offer)a good job.他渴望找份好工作。I desire that these letters(should)be burnt (burn)after my death.我渴望我死后这些信将被烧掉。名师点津desire后接的宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及在It is desired that.句式中，从句需用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 apply vi.申请；涉及，有关vt.应用，使用；(使)专心于(教材P58)In 1998，he applied to be a member of Project 921，which is now called Shenzhou.1998年，他申请成为“921计划”，现在被称为“神舟计划”的成员。(1)apply(to sb.)for sth.(向某人)申请某物apply to do sth. 申请/应征做某事apply oneself to (doing)sth.致力于(做)某事，专心 于(做)某事apply sth.to sb./sth. 把某物用在某人/某事上(2)applicant n. C申请人(3)application n. C，U申请(书)He has applied for a position in this company.他已在这家公司申请了一个职位。Traffic laws apply to everyone who uses roads，including cyclists.交通法规涉及任何道路使用者，包括骑自行车的人。We should apply what we have learned in class to practice.我们应当把课堂上所学的知识应用于实践。Did you send up my application(apply)?我的申请你给交上去了吗？ (教材P58)Yang was described by his superiors as hardworking and always in control of himself.杨利伟的上级将他描述为一个勤奋刻苦、始终能够自控的人。(1)superior n上级，上司adj.更好的，更高的superior本身含比较的意味，因此无比较级和最高级，用于比较时用介词to而不用than。He is not my immediate superior.他不是我的顶头上司。Your computer is far superior to mine.你的电脑比我的好多了。联想助记与superior用法相同的词还有senior，junior等。下面的词组，你认识吗？be senior to 比级别高be junior to 比级别低(2)in control of掌管，管理，控制in the control of被控制/管理beyond control 无法掌管，无法控制lose control of 对失去控制be under control 受控制；被控制住take control of 管辖，管理out of control 失去控制Professor Green is the person in control of all medical decisions at the hospital.格林教授负责医院医疗方面的所有决策。The situation was out of/beyond control at that time.当时局势失去了控制。名师点津in control of和in the control of一词之差，意义不同，前者主语通常是人，含主动意义，后者主语通常是物/事，含被动意义。 (教材P58)Because of these qualities，they were optimistic he would be successful.因为这些品质，他们对于他将会成功持乐观态度。(1)quality nC(人的)品质；C，U质量quality指的是某种产品的“质量”或人的“品质”，而quantity是指产品的数量，即产量的多少，常构成短语a(large)quantity of或(large)quantities of“许多，大量”。We should improve what is called the quality of living.我们应该提高所谓的生活品质。What matters is quality rather than quantity.重要的是质量而非数量。A large quantity of workers is (be)needed in the cities in China nowadays.现在中国的城市需要大量工人。名师点津(large)quantities of可数/不可数名词作主语时，其后谓语动词用复数；a quantity of可数/不可数名词作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数。(2)optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的(1)be optimistic(2)optimism n乐观(主义)optimist n. 乐观(主义)者(3)pessimistic adj. 悲观(主义)的(4)pessimism n. 悲观(主义)pessimist n. 悲观(主义)者A gentleman is openminded and optimistic；a small person is narrowminded and pessimistic.君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。Foreign bankers are very optimistic about our countrys economic future.外国银行家们对我国的经济前景持乐观的态度。 look up to 敬佩，尊敬(教材P58)The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei，and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.中国人民能为杨利伟而自豪，全世界的年轻人也会将他视为努力实现梦想的榜样。look up查阅；好转；改善；抬头往上看look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起look out for 关照；提防look forward to 期待We all look up to those who devote themselves to their work.我们都尊敬那些工作投入的人。You should look out for pickpockets.你应当提防扒手。I looked up this word in the dictionary.我在词典里查过这个单词。Were looking forward to seeing(see)you again.我们盼望着能再见到你。 (教材P58)They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.他们不仅学习成为宇航员所必修的全部科目，还学习生存技巧，以及关于飞船和火箭制造的所有知识。【要点提炼】句中not only.but also.的意思是“不仅而且”，在此处用于连接并列谓语。(1)连接并列成分：名词、代词、谓语动词、非谓语动词、介宾短语等。(2)主谓一致：它连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与but(also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(3)not only.but also.连接两个分句，not only位于句首时，第一个分句要部分倒装。Franklin was considered not only an inventor，but also a statesman.富兰克林不仅被看作是一个发明家，而且也被看作是一个政治家。The area was not only hit by a heavy rain，but (also)struck by a powerful earthquake.这个地区不仅遭遇了一场大雨，而且还发生了强烈的地震。Not only the students but (also) the teacher was against the plan不但学生反对这个计划，老师也反对。Not only had the poor man been fined，but also he had been sent to prison.这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。 (教材P58)Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of Chinas first astronaut.虽然杨利伟并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。【要点提炼】该句使用了强调句式：It is/was被强调部分that其他部分。强调句型可以用来强调句中的主语、宾语、状语。当强调的主语为“人”时，可以用who来替换that。(1)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who.?(2)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词is/was itthat.?(3)对not.until.句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他部分。Is it Professor Liu who/that teaches us English this year?今年教我们英语的是刘教授吗？Who is it that teaches us English this year?今年教我们英语的是谁？Why was it that you didnt attend the meeting yesterday?昨天你为什么没有参加会议？.单句语法填空1Courage is one of the best qualities(quality) of a soldier.2He is a great teacher. All the students look up to him.3The report said a bus went out of control on a highway south of the city and rushed into a river.4Ive applied for the job but Im not very optimistic(optimism)about my chance of getting it.5Not only I but also my wife is(be) fond of watching television.6Of the two books，I think this one is superior to that one.7Once the new rules are made，what matters much next is how they will be applied(apply)to the members of the club.8The little girl desired her parents to come/should come(come) and see her from time to time.9If our product proves(prove) unsatisfactory within 7 days in any way，you can take it back.10The survival(survive) rate of patients with this form of cancer is low.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1Lucy was chosen for the job because she was superior than the other candidates.thanto2People are optimistic on the future of the country.onabout3You rather than he is to blame for the accident.isare4It was at the very beginning when Mr.Smith made a decision that we should send for a doctor.whenthat5Anyone desires to vote must come to the meeting.desiresdesiring.完成句子1当时的情况需要我们立刻做出决定。The situation required that we (should)make an immediate decision(make)2专家们对我们的成功持乐观态度。The experts are optimistic that we will succeed.(be)3这项新技术如果被应用到水稻种植的话，会有助于增加产量。The new technology，if (it is)applied to rice growing，will help increase the output.(apply)4酒驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名路人死亡。His drunk driving not only ruined himself but also killed several passersby.(ruin)5只有在战争爆发后，人们才意识到和平的重要性。It was only after the war broke out that people realized the importance of peace.(it)