2019-2020同步外研英语选修六新突破讲义：Module 6 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——虚拟语气（Ⅱ） .doc

Section Grammar虚拟语气()语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟1.I wish I knew the answer to the question.2.We wish we had studied harder when at school.3.I wish I could fly to the moon one day.4.Id rather you paid the money yourself.5.Id rather she hadnt done that then.6.The workers demanded that their wages (should)be increased.7.The boss ordered the staff that they (should)finish the task before this Friday.8.He gave the advice that we (should)do the work carefully.9.My suggestion is that we (should)think it over before accepting it.10.It is important that students (should)attend all the lectures.1.句1至句3中，wish后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用“would/could/might动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况。2.句4和句5中，would rather后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。3.句7至句10的名词性从句中，从句均采用虚拟语气，且从句的谓语动词为should动词原形，should可以省略。一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1动词wish后的宾语从句在wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在的事实相反用一般过去时；表示与过去的事实相反用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反用could/would/might动词原形。I wish I were ten years younger.我希望能年轻10岁。(现在的虚拟)I wish you had come to the lecture.但愿你当时来听报告了。(过去的虚拟)I wish you wouldnt leave your clothes all over the floor.我真希望你不把衣服丢得满地都是。2表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词通常使用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，should可以省略。He demanded that he (should) be told everything.他要求将一切告诉他。名师指津当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”；suggest表示“暗示，表明”时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The girls pale face suggested that she was ill and I suggested that she (should) go to see the doctor at once.这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了，我建议她马上去看医生。3would rather后的宾语从句，谓语用一般过去时表现在或将来要做的事情，用过去完成时表示过去的动作。Id rather that you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。Id rather that you had come yesterday.你昨天来了该有多好。即时训练1完成句子I wish I had had a chance(有机会) to talk to you last night, but you left so early.He suggested that we (should) set off early the next day(第二天早动身)He requested that the meeting (should) be put off to Saturday (推迟到周六)二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用1It is strange/necessary/natural/important/impossible/surprising/funny/right/wrong/better .that .从句中用“shouldv.”，should可以省略。It is necessary that we should focus on developing the childrens creative ability.我们有必要着重培养孩子们的创造能力。2It is suggested/proposed/ordered/commanded/requested/required/demanded/advisedthat .从句中用“shouldv.”，should可以省略。It is advised that the meeting (should) be put off until next week.有人建议会议推迟到下周举行。即时训练2完成句子It is strange that such things (should) happen in our school(竟然在我们学校发生)It is suggested that you (should) attend the opening ceremony(你出席开幕典礼)三、虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用Its (high/about) time (that) .句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should动词原形(其中should不可省略)，句意为“确实到了的时候了”。It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。即时训练3判断句子正(T)误(F)It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes.(T)It is high time that we should put an end to this controversy.(T)It is high time that we take effective measures to stop fake diplomas from spreading.(F)四、虚拟语气在表语从句/同位语从句中的应用表示要求，命令，建议，意图，决定，推荐等意义的名词，如suggestion，proposal，advice，order，request等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should)动词原形。Their order is that for every tree cut down two more (should) be planted.他们的要求是每砍伐一棵树就要补栽两棵。We all agreed with his suggestion that we (should) go out for picnic.我们都同意他去野餐的建议。即时训练4完成句子My suggestion is that we (should)go to Yunnan for sightseeing(去云南观光)English teachers give advice that we should make good use of every chance to speak English(充分利用每个机会说英语)五、虚拟语气在as if引导的从句中的应用，包括方式状语从句和表语从句如果从句的动作指现在的情况，则用过去时；如果表示过去的动作，则用过去完成时；如果表示将来的动作，则用could/would/might动词原形。He looks as if he were an artist.他看起来真像个艺术家。He spoke English as if he had studied it in England before.他英语说得好像是在英国学的。即时训练5完成句子People treat him as if he were a dangerous person(是一个危险人物)They are talking as if they had known each other for years(已经认识好多年)六、虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中if only引导的感叹句，谓语动词要采用虚拟语气，其谓语构成与wish后的宾语从句中的谓语相同。He failed in the exam again.If only he had worked harder.他考试又失败了。要是他早努力些就好了。If only the banks would lend money without limit!但愿银行能无限制地贷款！即时训练6完成句子If only my friend were here with me now(现在和我在一起)If only I hadnt gone there(没去那里) last night.单句语法填空1I wish he were(be) with us at this special moment.2It is required that all members (should)be(be) present at the opening ceremony.3The doctor ordered that the patient (should)be sent(send) to hospital without delay.4He insists that doing morning exercises does(do) good to peoples health.5Dont come tomorrow.Id rather you came(come) the day after tomorrow.6We agreed to Mr.Blacks repeated request that his son (should) join(join) our club.7Their request is that their wages should be increased(increase) by 30%.8If only I could(can) speak several foreign languages now.9Dont handle the vase as if it were(be) made of steel.10It is time that the government took/should take(take) measures to protect the rare birds and animals.单句改错1Its important that the TOEFL office will confirm your registration.willshould或去掉will2It is high time that we stop cutting down the trees.stopstopped或stop前加should3His suggestion that you must try a second time sounds reasonable.mustshould或去掉must4Look at the trouble I am in.If only I accepted your advice.accepted前加had5He talks as if he knows everything in the world, but in fact he knows little.第一个knowsknew6I wish all my classmates will come to the gettogether next month.willwould7My request is that she makes an apology to your teacher.makesmake8I advised that he abandoned the meaningless plan, but he didnt listen to me.abandonedabandon9Id rather you attended the party yesterday. But what a pity that you missed it.attended前加had10What do you think of the proposal that he will put on a play at the English evening? 去掉will