2019-2020同步译林英语必修三新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc

Section Language points()(Welcome to the unit & Reading).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1The job of scientists is observing (观察) and describing the world，not trying to control it.2What confused (使困惑) us most was the result.3As exams are approaching (临近)，its a good idea to review your class notes.4Please dont hesitate (犹豫) anymore.5Hurried footsteps (脚步声) sounded on the stairs.6He glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncles handwriting.7It was such a relief to hear that Matra was found safe and sound.8You can visit Beijing with me，but you have to pay your own train fare9The road was too narrow for two cars to pass at the same time.10The electricity failed and the house was in darkness.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1firm adj.坚定的，牢牢的firmly adv.牢牢地，坚定地2dark adj.黑暗的darkness n黑暗3confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷惑confused adj.感到困惑的confusing adj.令人困惑的confusion n困惑4hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决hesitation n犹豫，迟疑5conduct v指挥，管理 n行为，品行conductor n(公交车)售票员；(乐队)指挥带“fore”的前缀adj.nessn.foresee预见foretell 预言forecast 预测，预报darkness黑暗happiness 幸福sadness 悲伤.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1in sight看得到，在视力范围之内2wish for盼望，企盼3reach out伸出(手)4stare up at抬头凝视5watch out for留心，密切注意6come to ones aid来帮助某人7in relief轻松地，宽慰地8pay back偿还；报答9in the future将来10get across(使)越过，(使)横穿马路；(使)被了解.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1She is thinking about how to pay back the help from her teachers and friends.2Mary was a little anxious and stared up at the young man.3Can you foresee what will happen in the future?4The teacher tried to get his meaning across while using as few words as possible.5Lets all reach out to those in need.不及物动词词组“看”inn.“在内”glance at 瞥stare at 凝视，怒目而视look at 看in danger 在危险中in sight 在视野范围内in power 在能力范围内背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Once out in the street，she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.一来到街上，她就快步向她通常乘车的公共汽车站走去。“Once out in the street”是状语从句的省略。Once后省略了she was。Once gone，perhaps you will never get it back. 一旦失去什么，也许你再也找不回来它了。2.Sorry，Miss，replied the man，the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.“对不起，小姐，”售票员回答说，“现实情况是雾太浓了，公共汽车跑不了那么远。”too.to.“太而不能”。When I was a young boy，I was too shy to talk to anyone. 小时候，我太腼腆，不敢与任何人说话。3.Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。“found herself staring”是“find复合宾语”结构。When I entered her room，I found her reading a book. 我走进她房间时，发现她在看一本书。 confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷惑(教材P1)However，even if we have good senses，they can still confuse us.但是，即使我们有很好的感官，它们仍然可能迷惑我们。(1)confuse A with/and B把A和B混淆(2)confused adj. 糊涂的，感到迷惑的feel/be confused about 对感到迷惑、困惑(3)confusing adj.令人迷惑的(4)confusion n. 困惑，混淆；困窘in confusion 迷茫地；困惑地Be careful not to confuse quantity with quality.注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。Slow to respond to the change，your body clock is confused (confuse)对这一变化做出缓慢的反应，你身体的生物钟有些混乱。To avoid confusion(confuse)，the twins never wore the same clothes.为了避免搞混，这对双胞胎从不穿一样的衣服。语境助记They confused me by asking so many confusing questions.I was totally confused，standing there in confusion，not knowing what to do.他们提出了一大堆令人费解的问题，把我难住了。我稀里糊涂，迷茫地站在那里，全然不知所措。 observe vt.观察；注意到；评论；遵守；庆祝(节日)(教材P2)As Polly observed the passengers on the train，she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感觉有个穿着黑色大衣的高个男人一直在看着她。写出下列句中observe 的含义How many festivals do we observe in a year？庆祝So far the ceasefire has been observed by both sides.遵守They observed how the tiny wings were fitted to the body.观察She observed that the book is good.评论(1)observe sb.do sth.注意到某人做某事observe sb.doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事(2)observation n. 观察(3)observer n. 观察者The woman was observed to follow him closely.有人看到那女子紧跟着他。They were observed walking (walk)towards the supermarket.有人发现他们正朝超市走去。名师点津observe sb.do sth.结构如果改成被动语态，应补上省略的to，即sb.be observed to do sth.类似用法的动词还有see，hear，feel等，但notice，watch除外。图形助记观察遵守庆祝 glance vi.& n瞥一眼，匆匆看(教材P2)While the rest of the passengers were getting out，she glanced at the faces around her.趁其他乘客下车的时候，她扫视了一下她周围的那些面孔。(1)glance at看一下；浏览glance over/through 浏览(2)at a glance 看一眼就at first glance 乍一看give/take a glance (at) (朝)一瞥He glanced over my report and said that it was seemed to be all right.他粗略地看了我的报告，说这报告似乎可行。At first glance，the place seemed deserted.乍一看，这地方似乎空无一人。明辨异同glance/stare/glareglance“瞥，扫视，浏览”，指匆匆忙忙地看一眼。stare“盯着，凝视”，指目光长时间地对着一个物体或人。glare“怒视，瞪着”，指人生气地看。glance，stare，glareThe girl glanced at the people around and found a man staring at her.She became so angry that sheglared at him for a warning. in sight 看得到，在视力范围之内(教材P2)There was no one in sight.一个人也看不到。catch sight of发现，突然见到lose sight of 看不见out of sight 看不见，在视野外at first sight 乍一看at (the) sight of 一见到就Out of sight，out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。We must never lose sight of the fact that man must work in harmony with nature.我们绝不能忘记这一点人类必须与大自然和谐共处。She was sick at the sight of the blood.她一见到血就感到恶心。 approach vi.&vt.靠近；着手处理 n靠近；方法；路径(教材P2)As she walked along the narrow street，she heard the sound of footsteps approaching，but by the time she reached the corner of the street，the footsteps were gone.当她沿着那条狭窄的街道走时，她听到了渐近的脚步声，但当她走到街道拐角处时，脚步声却消失了。make approaches to sb.与某人打交道an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径at the approach of 在快到的时候I am unwilling to make approaches to a person like him.我不想和像他那样的人打交道。The snow melted away at the approach of noon.快到中午时，雪融化掉了。明辨异同approach/method/way/means单词意义搭配approach侧重指待人接物或处理问题的方式。approach to sth./doing sth.；approach.aboutmethod指系统的、有效率的、精心拟定的方法。with this method；the method of doing sth.way指一般的方式、方法。the way to do/of doing；in this waymeans着重于具体的手段。the means of doing；by this meansapproach，method，way，meansThe load was lifted by means of a crane.We must take a scientific approach to the problem.Animals communicate in various waysNew methods of teaching foreign languages are adopted in this institute.名师点津approach指做事的方法、途径时，其后通常接介词to，然后接名词或动名词；当表示某人或某物来临时，其后通常接介词of。 hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决(教材P2)Polly hesitated.波莉犹豫了。(1)hesitate about/over (doing) sth.对(做)某事犹豫不决hesitate to do sth. 对做某事有顾虑(2)hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫have no hesitation in doing 毫不犹豫地做without hesitation 毫不犹豫地，立即Dont hesitate about (making) your decision once you think it over.只要你考虑清楚了，就不要犹豫不决。Dont hesitate to contact(contact) me if you need any more information.如果你需要更多资料，尽管和我联系。Whenever his friends have some trouble，he will help them without hesitation.每当朋友遇到困难时，他都会毫不犹豫地给予帮助。 reach out 伸出(手)(教材P3)A few seconds later，a hand reached out and grasped her arm.几秒钟后，一只手伸出来抓住了她的胳膊。(1)reach into将手伸进reach (out) (ones hand) for sth. 伸手拿东西(2)beyond/out of sb.s reachbeyond/out of the reach of sb.某人够不到的地方；在某人能力所及范围之外within sb.s reachwithin the reach of sb. 某人够得到的地方；在某人能力所及范围之内She reached into her bag and produced a business card.她伸手从包里取出一张名片。Medicine should not be left within the reach of small children.药品不可放在幼儿伸手可及的范围内。He reached out for the book on the shelf.他伸手去拿书架上的书。语境助记The apple is within his reach while the bananas are beyond his reach.他够得着苹果却够不到香蕉。 watch out for留心，密切注意(教材P3)Watch out for the step here.小心这里的台阶。(1)watch out 留神，提防，小心(常用于祈使句)watch for 等待；守候watch over 监视；留心，注视；看护，照顾(2)keep a (close) watch on 密切注视There must have been an angel watching over me that day.那天一定是有天使在保护我。Watch out！Theres a car coming!小心！汽车来了！The government is keeping a close watch on how the situation develops.政府正在密切注视着形势的发展。 anxious adj.焦虑，忧虑(教材P3)You really shouldnt feel anxious.你真的不用担心。(1)be anxious for/about为担心be anxious to do sth.急于做某事be anxious that .渴望(2)anxiety n.忧虑，渴望withanxiety担忧地(3)anxiously adv.焦急地，担忧地He is very anxious about the result of the exam.他很担心考试的结果。We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。Residents are anxiously(anxious) awaiting a decision.居民焦虑地期待决定。 grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的(教材P3)The grateful helper 感恩的帮助者(1)be grateful to sb.for sth.thank sb.for sth.为某事对某人感激be grateful to do 感激做(2)gratefully adv. 感激地Im so grateful to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.我对所有的那些志愿者很感激，因为他们帮助我愉快地结束了我那糟糕的日子。Im really grateful to you for your help.对你的帮助我很感激。He nodded gratefully(grateful)他感激地点了点头。 (教材P3)Thank you so much for coming to my aid，said Polly in relief“非常感谢您帮忙，”波莉如释重负地说道。(1)aid n& vt.帮助(1)first aid急救come to sb.s aid 来援助某人with the aid of 在的帮助下in aid of . 为了帮助(2)帮助某人做某事aid sb.in/with sth. 在某方面帮助某人Our professor encouraged and aided us in our scientific research work.我们教授鼓励和帮助我们进行科学研究。Be bold and braveand mighty forces will come to your aid.要大胆要勇敢，强大的力量会来相助。With the aid of my English teacher，I have made great progress this term.在英语老师的帮助下，我这个学期取得了很大进步。(2)relief n轻松，宽慰；救济(物品)(1)to ones (great) relief使某人(大为)欣慰的是in/with relief 轻松地，欣慰地What a relief! (口语)谢天谢地！(2)relieve v. (疼痛、问题)减轻，缓解relieve sb.of . 解除某人的负担After all the problems were settled，the manager went home in relief.在所有的问题都解决了之后，经理如释重负地回家了。To our great relief，the accident caused little damage.使我们大感宽慰的是，事故造成的损失很少。You may ask your daughter to relieve you of some housework.你可以让你女儿减轻你家务上的负担。 (教材P2)Once out in the street，she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.一来到街上，她就快步向她通常乘车的公共汽车站走去。【要点提炼】Once out in the street属于状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：Once she was out in the street。once表示“一旦；一就”，引导时间状语从句。在if，when，once，while，until，although等引导的条件、时间、让步状语等从句中，如果主从句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且从句谓语含有be动词，则从句的主语和be动词可一起省略。(2019全国卷)You must keep these points in mind while (you are) setting your goals.在设定目标时，你必须记住这些要点。Once found(find)，any mistake must be corrected.一旦发现错误，就必须加以改正。Youd better not forget traffic regulations when cycling(cycle)当你骑自行车时，最好别忘了交通规则。 (教材P3)Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。【要点提炼】此句为find的复合结构：主语Polly谓语动词found宾语herself宾语补足语staring up at the face of an old man with a beard。find oneself .“发现自己处于某种状态，不知不觉地”，该句型是“find复合宾语”结构。(1)(2)findit宾语补足语（adj./n.）真正的宾语（to do/ v.ing/从句）He found his parents waiting to meet him at the airport that morning.那天早晨，他发现他的父母在机场等着接他。He woke up and found himself lying(lie) in hospital.他醒来发现自己躺在医院里。He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned(clean) and everything arranged(arrange) in perfect order.他惊奇地发现房间被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。1(教材P2)As she walked along the narrow street，she heard the sound of footsteps approaching，but by the time she reached the corner of the street，the footsteps were gone.【分析】but连接并列复合句，but前后的分句中分别包含as和by the time引导的时间状语从句。【翻译】当她沿着那条狭窄的街道走时，她听到了渐近的脚步声，但当她走到街道拐角处时，脚步声却消失了。2(教材P3)It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when its sunny.【分析】that引导定语从句修饰help，when引导时间状语从句，to pay back the help作定语修饰chance。【翻译】这给了我一个机会，来回报晴天时人们给我的帮助。.单句语法填空1She found a wallet lying (lie) on the ground.2When youre walking in the woods，you have to watch out for snakes.3Toms uncle aided him in getting(get) a new job.4The boy followed without hesitation(hesitate)5Things were happening too quickly and she was confused (confuse)6The boy was observed playing(play) basketball at eight oclock yesterday.7It is now firmly(firm) established as one of the leading brands in the country.8Once heated(heat)，ice will change into water quickly.9I am extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help.10Tom is now a famous conductor (conduct) in a big band.单句改错1With the College Entrance Examination approaches，quite a few students are suffering mental problems.approachesapproaching2When he walked in the street，there was no one in the sight.去掉第二个the3She stared the painting，wondering where she has seen it.stared后加at4In the exams I always feel anxiously and make the mistakes that I should have avoided.anxiouslyanxious5So heavy was the load that I felt a great relief after taking it off.去掉a.完成句子1Once formed，bad habits are hard to get rid of.(once)坏习惯一旦养成，就难以摆脱。2The boy came home late and found himself locked out of the house.(find)那个男孩回家晚了，发现自己被锁在房子外面了。3My MP5 player was nowhere to be found(nowhere)我的MP5播放器找不着了。4Whenever you get into trouble，you can keep in touch with me using a cellphone.(whenever)无论你什么时候陷入困境，你都可以用手机与我联系。5The fog was too heavy for cars to drive that fast.(too.to)雾太大了，汽车开不了那么快。