2019-2020同步译林英语选修八新突破讲义：Unit 3 Section Ⅳ　Language Points （Ⅱ） .doc

Section Language Points () (Wordpower，Grammar and usage & Task).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1Can you mail this souvenir (纪念品) to China for me?2This piece of cloth (布) was bitten by a mouse.3He was so absorbed in thought that he ran into a passerby (路人)4We stopped to enjoy the scenery (风景) halfway.5There is a verdant lawn in front of the dormitory (集体宿舍)6They made 30 days accommodations for us during the summer holiday.7At present the world situation is complicated and changeable8She has the qualifications for admission to the college.9We were walking along the canal when we heard someone calling for help.10She studies hard，trying to win a scholarship.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1change n变化，改变 vt.& vi.改变changeable adj.多变的，易变的2accommodate vt.容纳；为提供住处accommodation n住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解3admit vt.承认；允许进入；允许加入admission n(机构、组织等的)准许加入，进入权；承认；入场费admissible adj.可采纳的，可接受的4scholar n学者；奖学金获得者scholarship n奖学金.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1mix.with.把和混合2build up积累；增强；增加；(使)扩大；增强体力3in addition另外；加之4start out开始；出发5instead of代替，而不是6in case以防，万一7set up创立，建立，成立8focus on集中精力于9have a great time玩得愉快.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment.2They can easily get access to the Internet.In addition，they will be able to use email to speak with their teachers，classmates and families.3He asked some money from his parents to start out in business on his own.4Shake the bottle well so that the oil mixes with the vinegar.5I continue to focus on the issue of unemployment.6We must try our best to build up a good relationship between the teachers and students.背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.The first thing you should decide is whether you are going to paint in water colours or oils.你首先应该决定的事是你将要画水彩画还是油画。whether引导的表语从句。The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是这是否值得做。2.Aunt really enjoyed France and so did grandma and I.姑妈很喜欢法国，奶奶和我也一样。“sobe/助动词/情态动词主语”构成的倒装结构。Youll immediately feel more relaxed，and so will the people you are talking to. 你会立刻感到放松下来，同你交谈的人也放松了下来。3.The painting focuses on several steep hills with the Li River flowing below.这幅画集中表现了几座陡峭的山峰而漓江在山下流淌着。“with宾语doing”构成的with复合结构。With science and technology developing rapidly，people are leading a better and better life.随着科技的迅速发展，人们的日子越过越好了。 mix.with.把和混合(教材P38)Oil paints are not mixed with water，as the colours have already been mixed with oil.油画颜料与水混不到一起，因为颜色已经与油混合在一起了。(1)mix with.与混合；与交往/相处/打交道mix.up with.把与混淆mix.in/into.在中掺入mix.up弄混，混淆，分辨不出(be) mixed with与混在一起(2)mixture n.混合；混合物；混合体Please keep the cards in order，dont mix them up.请把这些卡片放好，别把它们弄乱了。Rose has never liked parties，as she doesnt mix in easily.露丝从不喜欢聚会，因为她不善与人交往。I always mix him up with his brother.They look so much alike.我总是把他和他弟弟弄混，他们长得太像了。This paint mixes(mix) easily with water.这种颜料容易与水混合。 build up增强，增加；创建，开发；积累，扩大(教材P38)The secret to oil painting is to build up layer on layer on a canvas.油画的秘诀在于在画布上逐层作画。写出下列句子中build up 的含义Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere，causing the global temperature to go up.聚集 Tom played a key role in building up the company.创建 Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind.增强 build增强体质build up ones vocabulary 增加词汇量build on 把建立于；依赖She went for dance and built her body up/built up her strength.她去跳舞并增强了体质。My father built his business on years of hard work.我父亲奋斗多年创立了自己的事业。 in addition另外；加之(教材P38)In addition，there are many different kinds of paintings according to the subject，such as portrait (for people)，landscape (for views) and still life (for objects)另外，根据主题划分，有很多不同种类的绘画，比如说肖像画，风景画和静物画。除以外，还 除了外apart from 除了外；除外，还His lecture is good except for a few minor mistakes.他的演讲除了几个小错以外还是很好的。I didnt tell him anything except that I needed the money.我什么都没告诉他，只是说我需要钱。In addition to/Apart from a diet，she pursues various exercises on TV.除了节食，她还随着电视做各种体操。You need money and time.In addition，you need diligence.你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要努力。明辨异同in addition/besides/except/except for/except that/apart from(1)in addition和besides用作副词时的用法一样；若要用作介词，则要用in addition to。(2)besides表示“除了之外还有”的意思。(3)except表示“除了，除去”的意思，即从整体中除去一部分，只是单纯地将其后所接的人或事物排除在外。(4)except for也表示“除以外”的意思，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，主要是指“在一个整体中除了一点不太好的以外，整个还是很好的”。(5)except that表示“除了，只是”，后跟从句。(6)apart from表示“除了以外”，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except或except for。名师点津in addition，besides，whats more，furthermore和moreover都用作副词，表示“另外，还有”；而in addition to，apart from和besides都用作介词，表示“除了还有”。 accommodation n住处；住宿，膳宿； 和解，调解(教材P41)So，instead，we found accommodation in a dormitory.因此，与此相反，我们在一个集体宿舍里找到了住处。(1)make accommodations for为提供膳宿(2)accommodate vt. 容纳；提供膳宿；使适应；调和，使和解accommodate oneself to. 使自己适应accommodate.with. 向提供You will have to accommodate yourself to the changed situation.你必须适应变化了的形势。We can accommodate you with a sittingroom and two bedrooms.我们可以给你一间起居室和两间卧室。The Olympic Village makes accommodations(accommodate) for athletes.奥运村为运动员提供膳宿。名师点津accommodation是复数名词，只表示“住宿，膳宿”。 admission n(机构、组织等的)准许加入，进入权；承认；入场费(教材P43)In 1983，he gained admission to the Beijing School of Art.1983年，他考入了北京艺术学校。(1)gain admission to获得进入的资格make an admission (that).承认()(2)admit vt.承认；允许进入admit sb.to/into允许某人进入admit (to) doing/having done sth.承认做过某事admit.to be.承认是Three students in the class have gained admission to Beijing University so far.到目前为止这个班已有三名学生被北京大学录取。I admit (to) breaking/having broken the window.我承认打破了窗户。He made an admission(admit) that he was the thief. 他承认他是贼。We congratulated him on his being admitted(admit) Beijing University.我们祝贺他考入北京大学。 scenery n风景，景色，风光(教材P43)His early works，mostly in the traditional Chinese style，reflected the scenery of eastern China.他的早期作品，绝大多数是传统的中国绘画风格，反映了中国东部的风景。(1)scenery指某地区的风景，是由多个scene构成的景色，特别是自然景色，常作不可数名词。(2)scene指眼前所看到的风景，包括人与人的活动在内，是可数名词，还可表示“场面，场景，现场”之意。on the scene/spot在现场The scenery there is beautiful beyond description.那里的风光美得无以言表。Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.事故发生后不久记者就赶到了现场。 set up建立，创新；设立，设置(教材P43)He then set up a studio in Hangzhou.后来他在杭州建立了工作室。set about doing sth.开始做某事set out to do sth.开始做某事set aside省出；放在一边set down记下set off动身，出发Lets set aside an hour a day for review purpose. 让我们每天留出一小时用于复习吧！Get prepared so that you can set off immediately if something happens.做好准备，一旦有事，马上出动。The police had set up a roadblock and waved several drivers down.警方设下路障并挥手示意几位司机停车。 (教材P39)The first thing you should decide is whether you are going to paint in water colours or oils你首先应该决定的事是你将要画水彩画还是油画。【要点提炼】 句中whether引导的是表语从句。(1)whether引导主语从句、表语从句时，不能用if替换。但是如果主语从句后置，则可以用if替换。(2)whether与if在引导宾语从句时可以互换，但如果作介词的宾语或宾语从句置于句首时，只能用whether，不用if。(3)whether后紧接or not时，不能用if替换，但如果whether与or not分开，则可用if替换。Everything depends on whether you have enough money.一切都要取决于你是否有足够的钱。Whether this is true or not remains a mystery.It remains a mystery whether/if this is true or not.这是对是错，还是个谜。They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student.They doubt whether/if Jack is a good student or not.他们怀疑杰克是否是个好学生。 (教材P41)Aunt really enjoyed France and so did grandma and I姑妈很喜欢法国，奶奶和我也一样。【要点提炼】 句中“so did grandma and I”属于“sobe/助动词/情态动词主语”倒装结构，用来表示上文所述的肯定情况也适用于后者，意为“也一样”。(1)“so主语助动词/情态动词/be”表示对前面所述情况的肯定，意为“的确如此”。(2)“neither/nor助动词/情态动词/be主语”表示前面所述的否定情况也适合后面的人或事物。(3)It is the same with sb./So it is with sb.表示“确实如此”。用于前面句中同时有肯定形式和否定形式或者是有两个不同类型的谓语时。(2019全国卷)“The most famous designers are Chinese，so are the models，and so are the consumers，”she says.她说：“最著名的设计师是中国人，模特是中国人并且消费者也是中国人。”He works hard.他工作努力。So he does，and so does his brother.他确实是这样，他兄弟也是如此。He is only a child but he knows a lot about wild animals; so it is with his sister(it is the same with his sister)他只是个小孩但是了解很多野生动物，他姐姐也是如此。He didnt finish the work yesterday，neither/nor did I.他昨天没有完成工作，我也是。名师点津(1)在“so/neither/nor助动词/情态动词/be主语”和“so主语助动词/情态动词/be”结构中，对于助动词、情态动词还是动词be的选择要和上一句保持一致。(2)如果前面的句子是从句、并列句或带有并列谓语的句子，说明后者也是如此时则用“so it is/was with sb.”或“it is/was the same with sb.”这一句型。 (教材P43)The painting focuses on several steep hills with the Li River flowing below这幅画集中表现了几座陡峭的山峰而漓江在山下流淌着。【要点提炼】 句中with the Li River flowing below为“with宾语doing”构成的with复合结构作状语。其中宾语和它的补语之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词短语作宾补。with的复合结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，可作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，也可作后置定语，结构如下：with宾语现在分词 (表主动或正在进行)with宾语过去分词 (表被动或完成)with宾语动词不定式 (表将来)with宾语副词 (表状态)with宾语形容词(表状态) with宾语介词短语The naughty boy sat there，with his head down.调皮的男孩低着头坐在那儿。He fell asleep with the door unlocked and the window open.他睡着了，门没锁，窗户开着。With so much work to do (do)，I cant go to play basketball with you.有那么多工作要做，我不能和你一块儿去打篮球了。With the door shut (shut)，I spent the whole day preparing a long report.门关着，我用了一整天的时间准备一份长报告。.单句语法填空1She will set about learning (learn) English after having a rest.2He sat there with his attention focused (focus) on the wonderful view of the city.3You can build up a fortune by regularly saving money.4After passing his physical examination，he was admitted(admit)to the army.5I received his mothers telephone call at eleven.It was then that I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident yesterday.6The weather here in summer is so changeable (change)Please take an umbrella when you go out.7In addition，he found two other deaths in another part of London.8I felt he would see my giving up now as an admission(admit) that I was wrong.9With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as an efficient way of reaching target customers.10He sits alone all day observing passersby(passerby).完成句子1昨天他直到做完作业才去睡觉。It was not until he finished his homework that he went to bed yesterday.2可能要下雨，你最好拿把雨伞以防万一。It may rain；youd better take an umbrella in case3我想知道的是他们会不会来。What I want to know is whether they will come or not4我的很多同学都看过这部电影，我也看过了。Many of my classmates have seen the film and so have I5有小男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那座房子。We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way