2019-2020同步译林英语选修十新突破讲义：Unit 3 Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points .doc

Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage points1bathe v. (给)洗澡，沐浴(教材P34)In an African village，elevenyearold Ajani is bathing his younger sister.在非洲的一个村庄，11岁的阿加尼正在给小妹妹洗澡。I bathe every day.我每天洗澡。(1)bathe sth.in sth.使沐浴在里be bathed in light/sunshine/sweat 沐浴在光线里/阳光下/被汗浸没(2)bath n. 浴缸，浴盆；沐浴have/take a bath 沐浴，洗澡There is water on the floor.The wooden bath must be leaking.地面上有水。这个木制的浴盆一定在漏水。 The beach was bathed in the golden sunshine.海滩浸沐在金色的阳光里。完成句子我紧张得浑身是汗。I was so nervous that I sweat.他有睡前洗澡的习惯。He has the habit of before going to bed.一轮满月将银色的月光撒满这一带乡间。A full moon the countryside a silver light.【答案】was bathed intaking a bathbathed；in2cure n药、药物；疗法；治疗；疗程(教材P34)So far，there is no cure for Aids.到目前为止，对艾滋病没有任何治疗方法。There is no known cure for this disease.这种病尚没有确切的治疗方法。The cure took six weeks.此疗程花了六个星期。(1)a cure for sth.治疗办法beyond cure 不可救药(2)cure vt. 治愈；治好；解决(问题)；改正cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人疾病；矫正某人的不良行为cure sb./a disease 治疗好某人/治愈某种疾病Can you cure him of his cancer，doctor?医生，你能治愈他的癌症吗？I finally managed to cure the rattling noise in my car.我最终设法解决了我汽车发出的咯咯声。明辨异同cure/treat/healcure意为“治愈”，常指治疗疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等，侧重结果；可构成cure sb.of sth.结构。treat意为“治疗”，强调治疗的过程，常用treat sb.for sth.结构。heal意为“(使)愈合，治愈”，指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤，使愈合或恢复正常。The doctor is treating him and he will get cured in three days.医生正在为他治疗，三日后他将痊愈。用cure，treat和heal的适当形式填空His wound after the treatment.Which doctor is going to him for his illness?She tried every means to her child of the bad habit.【答案】healedtreatcure3(教材P34)HIV is spreading across the world at a high rate，with about 7，000 people catching the virus daily艾滋病病毒在全球以高速度传播，大约每天有7000人受到感染。(1)spread vt.& vi.伸展；展开；传播；蔓延(其过去式和过去分词均为spread)The house caught fire and the fire spread quickly.那房子着火了，火势很快蔓延开来。The forest spreads from here to the river.森林从这里一直延伸到那条河边。The bird spreads its wings.鸟展开翅膀。(1)spread sth.on/over sth.把某物铺在上spread sth.with sth. 把某物涂在上spread to 传到，波及，蔓延到spread out 伸展身体；推开东西(2)spread n. 扩展；扩张；普及；流行；蔓延the spread of disease/knowledge 疾病/知识的传播Do you have to spread yourself out all over the sofa!你就非得躺下，把整个大沙发全占了才行吗？They have taken measures to prevent the spread of disease.他们已经采取措施防止疾病的传播了。完成句子各种报纸摊在书桌上。Papers had been on the desk.短短几个星期，他的信心感染了全体队员。Within weeks，his confidence had throughout the team.为了促进知识的传播，他来到这个村庄。He came to the village to encourage 【答案】spread outspreadthe spread of knowledge(2)【要点提炼】with about 14，000 people being infected 是属于with的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语，修饰谓语is spreading。with的复合结构，即“with宾语宾补”，有以下几种宾补形式。withn./pron.adj.He likes to sleep with the window open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。withn./pron.adv.With the light on，he is sleeping in bed.灯亮着，他睡在床上。withn./pron.介词短语She came in with a baby in her arms.她抱着孩子进来了。withn./pron.doneWith the problem settled，we went on smoothly.由于问题得到了解决，我们进展很顺利。withn./pron.doingWith a local guide leading the way，we got there easily.由于当地向导带路，我们很容易到了那儿。withn./pron.to do sth.With her husband to help her，she worked it out.由于她丈夫帮助她，她解决了这个问题。名师点津with的复合结构既可作状语，也可作定语。完成句子还有10分钟，你最好快点。 ，youd better hurry.随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。 ，they have grown into big boys and big girls.【答案】With ten minutes to goWith time passing by4be familiar with对熟悉(教材P34)Although most people are familiar with Aids and how it is spread.虽然多数人熟悉艾滋病及其传播方式Everyone who lives near a bakery is familiar with the smell.(The smell is familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.)住在面包店附近的人都熟悉这种气味。be familiar to 为所熟悉be on familiar terms with. 和交情好名师点津familiar后常接介词to，意为“为所熟悉”，其主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人。familiar后接介词with意为“熟悉”，其主语只能是人，而宾语是所熟悉的内容或物，有时也作“精通，通晓”解。其后接人时，可作“同亲密”解。句型转换He is familiar with the plants names.The plants names him.【答案】are familiar to完成句子That girl looks quite (我面熟)Are you (熟悉)the rules of baseball?【答案】familiar to mefamiliar with5devote.to.奉献(人生、精力、时间、劳力等)于；致力于；忠诚于(教材P35)Dr David Ho，a ChineseAmerican Aids expert，has devoted himself to bringing uptodate technology and international attention to Chinas Aids problem.美籍华裔、艾滋病专家何大卫博士一直致力于引进最新技术，吸引国际社会关注中国的艾滋病问题。He devoted his life to art.他终生献身艺术。He devoted his energies to writing films.他倾力创作电影剧本。Lei Feng devoted himself to helping others in his life.在雷锋的一生中，他热心帮助他人。(1)devote vt.致力；献身；倾注devote oneself to. 献身于；倾注于(2)devoted adj. 热爱的；忠实的be devoted to. 忠实于；热心于；专心于(3)devotion n. 热爱；投入devotion to. 热爱；专心于；热心于We all should be devoted to our parents.我们大家都应该对父母有孝心。I can believe him，because he is a devoted friend.我能相信他，因为他是一位忠实的朋友。His devotion to his wife and family is touching.他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。用devote适当形式填空Now she most of her time to this work.Most of his spare time was to the translation of those works.His to music is plain to see.【答案】devotesdevoteddevotion6die of死于(多指死于疾病、衰老、悲伤、饥饿等内部原因和精神上的原因)(教材P35)Between 2000 and 2020，over 68 million people will die of Aids.在2000年到2020年期间，超过6800万的人将死于艾滋病。She died of grief soon after her husbands death.她丈夫去世不久，她因悲伤过度而死了。die from多指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、疾病、劳累过度等而死。die for 为而死die by (from，of) 死于，以方式而死die out 绝种；灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消灭die off (家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死die away (声音、光线、风等)渐弱；渐息；平息die down (火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱；渐息；(声音)静下来He died for his country.他为国牺牲了。The sound of the car died away in the distance.汽车的响声在远处消失。This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒临灭绝。选用上述词语填空As the region is becoming hotter，this kind of grass is Their chatter and laughter as the group rushed out of the classroom.When all the guests had left，the whole house .We need to take action before all the endangered animals 【答案】dying offdied awaydied downdied out7(教材P35)The work of international organizations is even more important when you consider how much more severe the situation could become.当考虑到这一形势会变得有多么严峻时，国际组织的工作就显得更加重要了。【要点提炼】本句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句；how引导名词性从句，作动词consider的宾语。时间状语从句由when，as，after，before，till，until，as soon as，once，since，by the time，the moment等引导。When I got home，Mother had cooked the meal.当我到家时母亲已做好了饭。I want to see my friend after I have finished my homework.我做完作业后要去看望我的朋友。I was about to ask the question (这时下课了) (约翰到达时)，I was cooking lunch.【答案】when the class endedWhen John arrived8access n进入；接近；通道；门路；接近的权利(教材P35)Their grandfather is now caring for them，and because their mother had access to prescription Aids medicines when she was pregnant, they did not get HIV from her.他们的爷爷现在正在照料他们，而且由于他们的妈妈在怀孕期间使用了艾滋病处方药物，他们没有从她那里感染艾滋病病毒。(1)have/get/gain/obtain access to.得以接近/进入/会见give sb.access to 答应让某人使用(2)accessible adj. 易进入的；易得到的，易使用的；易接近的be accessible to 可接近的，可靠近的Few men have direct access to the king. 很少人能接近国王。I have access to his office.我可以进出他的办公室。明辨异同access/entrance两者都有“通向的通道”之意。access是正式用语，指从一处通向另一处的通道。用作比喻意义时，指接近某事物或某人的机会或方法。entrance也是正式用语，笼统地指建筑物的入口处，不指具体的门。还指“获得通过入口处的权利”的意思。The only access to the old temple is across the woods.到那个古庙的唯一道路是穿过这片树林。Students must have access to good books.学生必须有机会读到好书。They came to the entrance to the railway station.他们来到火车站的进口处。He has passed the school entrance examination.他已经通过了入学考试。句型转换Many divorced fathers are allowed by law to see their children only at weekends. Many divorced fathers only their children at weekends.The only way of reaching the farmhouse is across the fields. The only the farmhouse is across the fields.【答案】have access toaccess to9as well as不仅而且；既也/又；和一样好(教材P35)He believes that education as well as medical treatment is the key to stopping the disease in the future.他相信，教育以及治疗是在未来消灭这一疾病的关键。The girl is good at English as well as Spanish.这个女孩儿既擅长西班牙语又擅长英语。He doesnt speak English as well as his friends.他英语说得不像他的朋友们那样好。(1)as well as被看作复合介词，后接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等；当后接动词时，多用ing形式。as well as表示“除之外”时，相当于besides，in addition to。(2)as well as也可以是well的同级比较结构，表示“和一样好”。(3)as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和as well as前的主语保持一致。He as well as his students is going to visit the science museum.(Not only his students but also he is going to visit the science museum.)他和学生们将要去参观科学博物馆。完成句子这孩子既健康又活泼。The child is lively 乔治和他兄弟一样都出国了。George, as well as his brother, 不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。I as well as they 【答案】as well as healthyhas gone abroadam ready to help you