2022年新人教版八年级英语第三单元知识点总结归纳 .pdf

. . 新版八年级英语下册第三单元知识点归纳Unit3 Could you please clean your room? 一、Peter ,could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？-sure,mom. Could you please do sth ?请你（做）.好吗 ？ 用于提出请求 ，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是 can 的过去式 ，是委婉 、礼貌的说法 。回答用 can. 【 常用答语 】 肯定回答 ：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答 ： Sorry , I cant2、take out 取出 （v+ adv）【 注】 : 跟代词做宾语 ，代词放中间 ；跟名词做宾语 ，可放在中间 ，也可放在后边take 有关的短语 : take out 带出去 ,取出Please take out a piece of paper. 请拿出一张纸。Please take it out.请把它拿出来 。take .out “把 带出去 ” My father is taking me out to go for a drive.我爸爸要带我出去开车。(1)take off 脱下 ；（飞机 ）起飞-Please take off your coat（外套 ）, Its warm here.-The plane took off at 9:00 am. 【 短语】 take out the trash/rubbish 倒垃圾take away 拿走 ，取走 take back 收回take place 发生take off 脱下 ； 起飞（2）take to 把.带到 . (3)take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步take a walk 散步（4）take exercise 运动，锻炼（ 5）take one s time 不用急 ，慢慢来（6）take a bus(ship/train)乘坐公共汽车（7）take turns 轮流 ，替换名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . （8）It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间3. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？do the dishes 洗碗【 结构 1】 do the +名词：do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具 /衣服【 结构 2】 do the +动词 -ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生【 结构 3】 do one s + 名词do one s housework/ homework 做家务 /家庭作业【 结构 4】 do some +动词 -ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书 /购物4.could you please help out with a few things? help out 动词短语 ，表示在某人繁忙或遇到困难时 “ 给予帮助 ” 。help 和 out 之间还可以加入具体的“ 人” 。e.g. He helped me out with my task. 他帮我完成了任务。They helped (us) out with the clean-up. 他们帮助我们做大扫除。5.Because Mom will back from shopping any minute now . 因为妈妈马上回来购物。6.any minute now 一种常见的口语表达法，相当于 “ 随时 ；马上；在任何时刻 ” 的意思 ，e.g. Don t worry, he will come here any minute now.别担心 , 他会马上来这儿。7.Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？1】 Could I do sth? 我可以做 .吗？用于表达请求 ，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend? 2】 at least 至少 ，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至多3】 finish v 结束 ；完成finish doing sth 做完某事 eg Can you finish reading these books before 10 oclock? Yes, I can. 5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】 two hours of TV 表示时间 、距离 、金额 、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 动词用单数形式。How time is flies! Three years is really a short time.时光飞逝 ！三年真的是短暂的时光。【 解析 1】 enough 足够的 ，充分的 （在句中作定语或表语）I don t have enough money with me.我没有足够的钱。【 解析 2】 足够 ；充分 （放在形容词 ；副词后 ）The river is deep enough for swimming. 这条河够深 ，可以游泳 。【 记】Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn t kind enough to help others.史米斯先生有足够的钱 ，但他不够好心帮助别人【 注意】 enough 修饰名词时 ，置于名词前 ；修饰形容词时 ，置于形容词之后。6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好 ，再把碗洗了吗 ？【 解析】 take out 拿出；取出take 的用法 ：Please take some books to the classroom.请带一些书到教室去。Take this medicine three times a day. 这药一天服三次。 They usually take the bus to work. 他们通常乘公共汽车去上班。It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 我每天花两个小时做作业。短语take a rest 休息take care of 照顾take off 脱下 ；起飞take up 占据take down 拿下take ones time 不急；慢慢来take ones temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【 解析 1】 the minute = as soon as “ 一. 就.”名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . Please write to me the minute you get there. 【 解析 2】in front of 指在物体外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一辆自行车。指在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 我们的老师正站在教室的前面【 记】The driver sat _in the front of_ the car. The policeman stood _in front of_ the car. 【 注意】 有 the 无 the 区别大 ：at table 吃饭；进餐in hospital 住院 at the tabel 在桌边in the hospital 在医院 （不一定看病 ）【 解析 3】 come over 过来【 拓展】 come 短语 ：come across（偶然）发现come back 回来come up with 想出come true 实现come down 下来come from=be from 来自 ,出生于come in/into 进入 ,进来come on 赶快 ,加油come along 走吧 ,过来 ,快点come and go 来来去去come up 上来come out 出来 ，(花)开，(照片 )冲洗出来 7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视 ，从不帮忙做家务 ！all the time = always 一直；总是8. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累 ！【 解析】 as.as . 和.一样 . 9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间 ，她不做任何家务，我也不做 。【 解析】 neither +助动词 /系动词 /情态动词+主语“ 某人 （主语） 也不”名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . neither 两者都不neither nor 既不也不, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达 “ 也不 ” 则用“Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V 情 + 主” The first one wasnt bad. Neither was the second. 第一个并不坏 。-第二个也不是 。10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 第二天 ，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【 解析】 find + 宾语+宾语补足语【 注】 find found found v寻找(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难She found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself.她发现自己很难完成这项工作。11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【 解析】 in surprise 惊奇地 ；吃惊地surprise v 使吃惊 surprising adj. 令人吃惊的surprised adj. 吃惊的to one s surprise 使某人吃惊的是in surprise 吃惊地be surprised at 对 感到吃惊To my surprise_( 使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam. 12. “ I m so sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.“ 对不起 ，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说 。【 解析 1】 need v 需要用于肯定句 ，是实义动词 。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . (1)人做主语 ，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语 ，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done Students need _to have_(have) a good rest in studying. The watch needs_mending_(mend).手表需要修 。用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)needn t = dont have to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn t Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt【 解析 2】 share 分享 ；共用share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物(All his friends _Shared_ his happiness when he won the match. 13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？【 解析】 hang out 闲逛hang up 把.悬挂/挂起14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？【 解析】 pass v 给；递；走过；通过pass sb.sth 把某物递给某Pass on 传递Please pass the paper on to the other students. v 通过；路过I pass your home. v 通过（考试 ） ；及格Tom can pass his math exam. 15. Could I borrow that book? 我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money? 你能借我一些钱吗？【 解析】 borrow /lend/keep (1)borrow 借入,与 from 连用，尤指主语 “ 【 借进来 ” 】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . (2)lend 借出,与 to 搭配【 指借出去 】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn t want to lend his book to others. (3)keep 保留 ，保存（延续动词 ，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【 指借一段时间 】【 记】I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didn t _lend_ it to me,because Tom had _kept_ it for two days. 16. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。【 解析】 try (not) to do sth 努力（不）做某事 。 try v 试图 ，设法，努力【 拓展】(1)try on 试穿(2) try to do sth 努力做某事【 侧重尽力做 】(3) try doing sth 试图做某事【 侧重尝试做 】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务 。hate to do sth 讨厌做某事 , 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him. 我讨厌麻烦他 hate doing sth 不愿意做某事表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room. 她讨厌在房间里抽烟。18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【 解析】 ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求 ，要某物ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事 (1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth 请求某人做某事ask 构成的短语 ：短语 含义ask sb. to do sth 请某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help 寻求帮助19.I ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【 解析 1】 finish doing sth 完成某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock? 你能在十点前读完这些书吗？ Yes, I can. 【 解析 2】 while conj. “在期间 ； 当 的时候 ”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。_While _ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.当孩子们玩得开心时，父母可以在海滩上上舞蹈课。【 解析 3】 help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。【 注】 help v 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在 的帮助之下I think reading is very _helpful_(help). _Without_ your help, we couldnt catch the thief.抓住小偷 。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【 解析】 invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地【 解析】 invite v invitation n 邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb. to + 地点邀请某人去某地21.I don t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【 解析】 make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作 ， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词“ 让某人或某物” make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事make me laugh. Colors can change our moods and make us _feel_ happy or sad, energetic or sleep. 颜色可以改变我们的心情，使我们感到高兴或悲伤，精力充沛或睡眠。22.They dont have time to study and do housework，too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【 解析】 have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。【 解析】 a waste of 浪费a waste of time 浪费时间a waste of money 浪费金钱waste v “浪费 ” waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱Don t _waste_water. Cant you see the sign “save water”?不要浪费水 。你看不到 “ 节约用水 ” 的名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 牌子吗 ？24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。【 解析 1】 spend. on sth 在某事上花费 . spend/pay/cost/take 花费(1)spend spent spent v 花费 ,主语是人 sb.+ spend +时间 /钱+on sth sb. +spend +时间 /钱+（in） doing sth spend on= pay for 支付He spends too much time on the computer games.他花太多时间在电脑游戏上。Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because theyre not going to be around forever.记得花些时间和你所爱的人在一起，因为他们不会永远在你身边。My father _spent_ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car. 我父亲花了十万元买他的新车(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book. How much did you pay for this computer? 你花了多少钱买这台电脑 Five hundred dollars. (3) cost cost costv 花费 ，主语是某物或某事sth cost sb. +钱某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money. I bought a new sweater last weekend. It _cost_ me 120 yuan. 上周末我买了一件新毛衣。我花了 120 元(4)take took taken v 花费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework. 他花了 3 个小时做作业 。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 【 解析 2】 in order to “目的是 ；为了” 后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事He ran quickly in order not _to be_ late for the meeting.他跑得很快 ，为了不迟到 。【 解析 3】 get into =enter 进入【 拓展】 与 get 相关的短语 ：get up 起床get back 返回get over 克服get dressed穿衣get into 进入get/be lost 丢失get off/on 下/上车get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好get out of 从出来get warm 变暧get ready for +n. 为做准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well 康复get a chance 有机会 、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡相关 ：(be asleep睡着 ) 25.Also,when th ey get older, they will have to do housrwork so theres no need for them to do it now. 而且 ，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此 ，他们没必要现在在做。【 解析】 get older 长大 get/ become/ go 辨析 ： get+adj 较多地与形容词比较级连用。 The days are getting longer and longer. 天变得越来越长 become 强调变化的结果Its becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷。go+adj.表示令人不快的事情go bad 变坏，go blind 变瞎 ，go hungry 挨饿26. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。【 解析】 provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物provide v 提供名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用 for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with) 供应某人某物相当于 ：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. provide 为应急等做好准备而“ 提供 ； 供给” provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb. 提供某人某物offer 侧重表示 “ 愿意给予 ” offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. 对某人提供某物offer to do sth 主动提出干某事supply 定期 “ 供应 ” , 强调替代或补充所需物品 Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物The Internet provides us _with_a lot of _information_we need.因特网给我们提供了许多我们需要的信息。 Could you please provide us _with_ some information about the stude nts health? Of course, its my pleasure.你能为我们提供一些关于学生的健康信息？当然 ，这是我的荣幸 。27. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 无论如何 ，我认为做家务并不那么难。【 解析】 anyway 无论如何 , (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）28. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。【 解析】 It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的29. Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。【 解析】 depend on 依靠 ；信赖 Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? Well, it all _depends on_ the weather. 30. . Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。【 解析 1】do one s part 尽职责 ；尽本分Do one s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 【 解析 2】 keep +sth /sb. +adj. “ 使.处于某种状态 ”Her mother asked her to keep the windows _open_ and the door _closed_. 她妈妈叫她把窗户打开 ，关上了门keep 系动词“ 保持 ” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词“ 保持 ；继续 ”(1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事He was in great pain but he kept on working He kept on _ talking_ after the ball rang for class. 他不停地球响下课后说。 (2) keep sb. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事I m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.My teacher kept me _doing_ homework all the afternoon. 对不起 ，让您久等了 。我的老师让我整个下午做作业。31. Doing chores helps to develop chi ldren s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. 做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教他们如何照顾自己。【 解析】 develop independence 培养独立意识develop vdevelopment n 发展developing adj. 发展的 developed adj. 发达的a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家China is a _developing_country. 32. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里，他们应该知道保持家里干净 、整洁每个人都应该参与。【 解析】 since conj. 既然(表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首 ）.You have been in Neijiang very long? Yeah. _Since_my parents came here.你在内江已经有很长时间了吗？-是的 。因为我的父母来到这里。33. Our neighbors son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - . . care of himself. 我们邻居的儿子上一所好大学，但是在第一年的时候，他还不知道如何照顾自己 。take care of 照顾 Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I need to _take care of_ my baby at home. 【 拓展】 与 take 相关的短语 ：take photos/pictures 照像take away 拿走take out 取出 (work out 算出 ) take care当心take a walk 散步take medicine 服药take place 发生 take ones temperature量体温take ones time别着急34. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果 ，他常常生病 ，功课也落下了 。【 解析 1】 as a result 结果（插入语 ，放在句首 ，用逗号隔开 ）Dont ask him too late into the night, _As a result_ , he is only a small child. 不要太深夜问他，作为一个结果 ，他只是一个小孩。【 解析 2】 fall ill 生病fall asleep 入睡35 .The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for