2019-2020学年高中英语unit1 great scientists sectionⅠpre-readingwarmingup&reading教学案版本：人教版必修.doc

Section Prereading (Warming Up & Reading)课前预习自测约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次暴发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰斯洛就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行得很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。他决心要查明其原因。首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号)。他发现有些住宅(如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所有他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了，霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。她和她的女儿喝了这种水，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个特别的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。最终，“霍乱王”被击败了。课堂合作探究1.What do you know_about infectious diseases？(教材P1)你对传染性疾病了解多少？know about/of 了解情况(消息)I strongly recommend Peking University to you because it_is_well_known_for its Department of Chinese.我强烈向你推荐北京大学，因为它以中文系出名。It_is_widely_known_that smoking can do great harm to our lungs.众所周知吸烟对肺危害极大。【即景活用】单句语法填空There is still one thing Id like to know more _.There is no _ (know) how he will react._ is known that the Great Wall is one of the worlds miracles.He is known _ a successful architect.答案：aboutknowingItas2Who put_forward a theory about black holes？(教材P1)谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？put forward 提出(意见、建议、观点等)；推荐；提名；提前；把(时钟)往前拨图记put forwardChinese President Xi Jinping put_forward the Belt and Road construction for the first time in 2013.习近平主席于2013年首次提出“一带一路”建设。The mens final has been put_forward to 2：30 pm.男子决赛已提前到下午2点半。Put_out all fires before leaving the camping ground.离开宿营地以前要熄灭所有的火。Put_away the tools after work, will you?工作结束后请把工具收拾好，可以吗？【即景活用】(1)写出下列句中put forward的含义Theyve put the date of their wedding forward by one week._She put forward a good suggestion at the meeting._Put your watch forward; its five minutes slow._Can I put you forward as our club secretary？_答案：提前提出拨快提名；推荐(2)用put的相关短语完成句子The meeting has been _ to next week.He has _ a plan for improving education.The notice was _ yesterday.Im not going to _ their smoking any longer.They had to call the police in order to _ the riot (骚乱)答案：put offput forwardput upput up withput down3Draw_a_conclusion.(教材P1)得出结论。draw a conclusion得出结论We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。Each chapter concludes_with a brief summary.每一章节都以一个简短的总结作为结束。I concluded_from his words that he was not in favour of the plan.我从他的话语中推断出他不赞同此项计划。In_conclusion,_the government should take measures to prevent the trees from being cut down.总之，政府应该采取措施防止树木被砍伐。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空What _ (conclude) can you draw from the facts?_ conclusion, the ceremony is a great success.答案：conclusionsIn(2)单句写作We _ that the room must have been empty then.我们得出结论：房间那时一定是空的。_， Id like to express my thanks to my family.最后，我要对我的家人表示感谢。He _ his speech _ a famous saying: where there is a will, there is a way.他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。答案：reached/came to/arrived at/drew a conclusionTo concludeconcluded; with课文预学检测.FastreadingFind out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph.Para. 1APolluted water carried the disease.Para. 2 B“King Cholera” was defeated at last.Para. 3 CJohn Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.Para. 4&5 DHe got interested in two theories explaining the cause of cholera.Para. 6 EHe needed evidence to prove the second theory was correct. Para. 7 FHe found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera.答案：Para. 1CPara. 2DPara. 3EPara. 4&5FPara. 6APara. 7B.CarefulreadingChoose the best answers according to the text.1The passage mainly tells us that _.Athe cause of cholera was polluted waterBJohn Snow was a wellknown doctor in LondonCthe source of all the water supplies should be examinedDJohn Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”答案：D2Which of the following theories did John Snow believe?ACholera multiplied in the air without any reason.BPeople spread the disease when speaking to each other.CPeople absorbed the disease into their bodies with their meals.DPeople were too dirty.答案：C3What does the word “this” in the sentence “He had not foreseen this” in the 23rd line refer to?AThe outbreak of cholera.BNo deaths in some areas.CThe cause of the disease.DThe water pump in Broad Street.答案：B4What was the key help for John Snows discovery?AThe government.BThe woman moving away from Broad Street.CThe water company.DThe map made by himself.答案：D5At last, “King Cholera” was controlled by _.Adealing with the polluted waterBdriving patients out of the countryCusing medicines in hospitalsDgetting rid of all kinds of pollution答案：A课后演练提能基础题.单词拼写1The two groups of children have quite different _ (特点)答案：characteristics2I feel it is your hushand who is to _ (责备；谴责) for the spoiled child.答案：blame3If you _ (分析) something, you should consider it carefully.答案：analyse4(2017全国卷)Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the _ (挑战) of her new Alevel course.答案：challenge5We could _ (预见) that we would die if we could not reach land soon.答案：foresee6Everyone was silent as he _ (宣布) the winner of the competition.答案：announced7He _ (击败) the champion in three sets.答案：defeated8He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will _ (参加) his lecture this evening.答案：attend9They have the confidence and ability to _ (处理) the important matter well.答案：handle10He _ (命令) that a wall should be built around the city.答案：instructed.单句语法填空1Thomas Magens Bay is widely _ (know) for its whitesand beach and blue waters.答案：known2Its not a _ (science) way to test their opinions.答案：scientific3He came to my class every week, but his attitude suggested he _ (be) not really interested in the subject.答案：was4Dont jump to the _ (conclude) before you make a careful investigation.答案：conclusion5Picasso, a famous _ (paint), was born in 1881.答案：painter6When entering the room, we found the girl _ (absorb) in reading a novel.答案：absorbed7He is expert _ repairing vehicles ranging from bicycles to cars.答案：at/on/in8According to the drivers explanation, it was not his carelessness but the bad weather that was _ (blame) for the accident.答案：to blame9Damaged but not _ (defeat), he was still head of me.答案：defeated10The patient is seriously ill. Wed better have him _ (operate) on in no time.答案：operated能力题.阅读理解Scientists study the natural world by using “scientific method”. When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature, he develops an idea, called a theory or hypothesis， about what is happening. Then he does an experiment to test his theory. If the results are as expected, then the experiment proves the hypothesis which makes it more likely that the theory is correct. If the experiment fails and the results are not as expected, then the scientist must come up with a new theory that he can test.In ancient times great thinkers came up with complicated theories to explain nature, but they did not always prove them by experiment. For example, the great Greek thinker Aristotle, had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects. People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong.Heres an experiment that you can use to prove or disprove a commonsense theory：Step 1: Get an empty bottle with a small neck. A diameter of 1/2 inch should be ideal.Step 2: Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each side.Step 3: Crumple the paper into a tight wad.Step 4: Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle.Construct a theory about what will happen if you put your mouth about a half inch from the neck of the bottle and blow hard towards it. A commonsense theory might be that the wad would be blown into the bottle by the force of the breath. Now do your experiment to see what really happens.If your theory was that the wad would be blown by the force of the air into the bottle, the experiment gave you unexpected results. In most cases the wad is blown out of the neck of the bottle in the opposite direction. A new theory might be that the air being blown into the bottle creates a whirlwind of air currents in the closed space which push the wad out.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了怎样用简单的四步实验法来验证一个常识理论是否正确。1The writer mentions Aristotles theory to show _.Ahe was a great thinker in ancient timesBhe was less successful than GalileoCobjects of different weights fall at the same speedDexperiments are necessary to support theories答案：D推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，特别是“. Aristotle, had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects. People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong”可知，亚里士多德认为重的物体比轻的物体先落地，但这种理论被伽利略用实验证明是错误的，这说明，用实验来证明理论是必要的，故选D项。2According to the passage, what is not required in the fourstep experiment?AA pair of scissors. BA piece of paper.CA bottle. DA strong breath.答案：A细节理解题。文中提及了an empty bottle, a sheet of paper和blow hard，即做该实验需要B、C、D三项。3Whats the best title for the passage?ACome to Nature with ScientistsBMake up a New TheoryCExperiment with Breath in a BottleDWatch Out for Common Sense答案：C标题判断题。本文主要介绍一个四步实验的操作步骤，概括来说就是一个用力吹瓶子的实验，故选C项。温馨提示：阅读理解中标注的W部分为重点单词，标注的P部分为重点短语，旨在通过此栏目的练习，帮助学生夯实基础，做到厚积薄发。1hypothesis v. 假设 2.diameter n. 直径3crumple v. 压皱 4.wad n. 填充物5current n. 气流1come up with 想出，提出 2.push . out 将推出.完形填空A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full _1_ of the facts he observes. He doesnt accept ideas which are not_2_on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only_3_for truth. He always _4_ ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.The rise of_5_science may be considered to_6_as far back as the_7_of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher (哲学家) of Oxford, who lived_8_the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle_9_ to suggest that we must learn science_10_observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself_11_many important discoveries.Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men,_12_in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by_13_to show how many important_14_could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more_15_towards the earth than small ones,_16_Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the_17_of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two_18_stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileos_19_of going direct to Nature, and proving our_20_and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。说明一个成功的科学家必须首先是一个好的观察者，其次还需要具备一些基本素养。1A.use Btime Cspeed Dtrust答案：Amake full use of . “充分利用”。一个成功的科学家一般都充分利用他所观察到的事实。2A.worked BlivedCbased Dwritten答案：Cbe based on . “以为根据”。3A.reason Bcause Cadvice Dresult答案：A正因为世人随便接受没有事实根据的观点，所以他不认为权威就是真理的理由。4A.thinks Bchecks Chas Dlearn答案：Bthink是不及物动词，所以排除A。他总是谨慎地核查(check)各种观点并做实验来证实它们。5A.natural Bphysical Cancient Dmodern答案：D从此段的后文可看出应是指现代科学，而不是指古代科学。第20空所在句子对伽利略的总评中的核心信息“led to all the discoveries of modern science”亦是提示。6A.date Bkeep Clook Dtake答案：Adate back to “追溯到”。7A.study Btime Cyear Dbirth答案：Btime此处指“时代，时期”。8A.both Beach Cbetween Damong答案：C此句应指生活在这1214年和1292年之间的，而不是生活在这两年。9A.schools Bages Cdays Dcountries答案：Bages “时代”，the middle ages指“中世纪”。10A.in Bwith Con Dby答案：D通过观察，做实验来学科学。by可表示通过某种手段。11A.did BmadeCtook Dgave答案：Bmake a discovery “做出发现”。12A.that Bwhen Cwho Dwhere答案：C此句是一个定语从句，修饰前面的great men。13A.ways BdegreesClevels Dchance答案：Bby degreesgradually “逐渐地”。14A.truths Bproblems Cpeople Dsubjects答案：A通过观察、实验来发现真理(truth)，而不是问题。15A.heavily Bslowly Clightly Drapidly答案：D伽利略之前的科学家认为大物体总比小物体下落快，而这后来被伽利略证明是错误的观点。16A.although BbecauseCwhen Dif答案：B大物体总比小物体下落快，这是亚里士多德的观点，亚里士多德是伽利略之前的一位伟大的科学家，当时人们都把他当作权威。17A.place Bfoot Ctop Dceiling答案：C根据关键信息“going to”，“let fall”及科学常识可知，伽利略爬到斜塔的顶端。18A.big Bsmall Cequal Dunequal答案：D为了做实验来验证亚里士多德的观点，伽利略到比萨斜塔的顶部，抛下两个体积不等的石块。19A.spirits Bskill Ctheory Ddiscovery答案：A正是伽利略这种直接走向大自然的精神，通过实验来证明我们的观点和理论，才促成了现代科学的重大发现。20A.plans Bworld Copinions Dability答案：C通过实验来证明观点和理论。.短文改错It was a brightly Sunday morning. Jim and Lily were excited so their father had bought a new house in the city center. After three months of decorate, the family was ready to move out the new house. The family was satisfying with the design of it. The walls painted blue. When Jim saw his new bed, he couldnt help shout with joy and started to jump on it. Lily put her books in the order when her mother was carefully cleaning the house. After dinner, the family go to bed, tired and content.答案：It was a Sunday morning. Jim and Lily were excited their father had bought a new house in the city center. After three months of ， the family was ready to move the new house. The family was with the design of it. The walls painted blue. When Jim saw his new bed, he couldnt help with joy and started to jump on it. Lily put her books in order when her mother was carefully cleaning the house. After dinner, the family to bed, tired content.难项分析：第二处：sobecause考查连词。由句意可知此句应表原因而非结果，因此用because。第五处：satisfyingsatisfied考查固定短语。be satisfied with为固定短语，意为“对感到满意”。第十处：andbut考查连词。tired but content “很累但是心满意足”，此处表转折，因此用but，不用and。