2019-2020同步人教英语新课标选修七讲义：Unit 2 Section Ⅱ　Learning about Language .doc

Section Learning about Language.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1The weather last summer was awful (糟透的)2For them，playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs (事情)3It is required that children under 14 should be accompanied (陪伴) by an adult.4All the audience felt sympathy (同情) for the disabled girl who lost her parents in an accident.5There is no need for you to envy (羡慕) your friend her wealth，because wealth doesnt mean happiness.6A mother shouldnt show too much favour to one of her children.7Alarmed by the noise，the birds flew away in all directions.8The war came to an end，to the satisfaction of everybody.9She was tired of the hard life in the mountain village and desired to go out.10Many of these new ideas may at first seem absurd；however，do not ignore these ideas，as they often hold the keys to breaking old habits.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称declaration n宣言；声明；公告2alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n警报；惊恐alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的3elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的elegance n优雅；高雅elegantly adv.优雅地；高雅地；讲究地4favour n喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒favourite adj.最喜欢的 n最喜爱的东西favourable adj.赞同的；有利的5satisfy vt.满足；使满意satisfaction n满意；满足；令人满意的事物satisfying/satisfactory adj.令人满意的satisfied adj.满足的；(感到)满意的v.ed形容词v.ation名词accustomed 通常的；习惯的addicted 上瘾的；有强烈兴趣的disabled 残废的；残疾的expectation 预料；期望information 信息invitation 邀请；请帖occupation 职业；工作.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1test out考验出，检验完2ring up给打电话3turn around转身；翻转4leave.alone不管，别惹，让一个人待着；和单独在一起5or rather更确切地说6a pile of一堆7prevent.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事8fall in love with.爱上.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1I had meant to call on you，but I was prevented from doing so.2He went home very late last night，or rather，in the early hours this morning.3Some women especially enjoy passengers turning around to see them.4After the company has a new plane built，it will be tested out thoroughly.5My classmate rang me up saying that the school football team had had three victories this month against other schools.背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.机器人看起来如此像人，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。it代替从句作形式主语It is not clear whether she can be elected president.她能否当选总统还不清楚。2.As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.她刚转身，就看到格拉迪丝克拉芬站在那儿。副词there位于句首，句子要完全倒装There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.那座山顶上有一座寺庙。3.But even though Tony had been so clever，he would have to be rebuiltyou cannot have women falling in love with machines.但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。cant have sb.doing sth.意为“不容忍或允许某人做某事”Our teachers cant have us carrying mobile phones to school.老师不允许我们把手机带到学校来。 desire n渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要(教材P10)Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires?你认为机器人可能有它自己的需要和欲望吗？(1)have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事desire for.渴望desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事desire that.(should)do sth.渴望The boy has a strong desire for knowledge.这个男孩有强烈的求知欲。He desired to win (win) the game.He had a desire to win (win) the game. He desired that he (should) win (win) the game.他希望赢得这场比赛。His mother desires that he (should) go abroad.His mother desires him to go (go) abroad.他的母亲希望他出国。语境助记My daughter is now a senior high school student. She desires/has a desire that she (should) be admitted to a famous university. Besides, she has a strong desire to major in English. But I desire her to study medicine in the future. Under great pressure, she desires to have a good time in the coming summer holiday. 我的女儿现在是一名高中生。她渴望被一所著名的大学录取。此外，她有强烈的愿望主修英语。但是我希望她将来学医。在巨大的压力下，她渴望在即将到来的暑假中过得愉快。名师点津desire 后跟宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式，即“(should)动词原形”。 sympathy n. 同情(心)(教材P11)Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.克莱尔觉得，机器人会向她表示同情，这有点荒唐可笑。express/feel/have sympathy for sb.同情某人out of sympathy出于同情with sympathy同情地in sympathy with支持；赞成sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的，赞同的We all have great sympathy for the victims of the flood.我们所有人对水灾的遇难者都深表同情。We looked at the poor child with sympathy.我们同情地看着那个可怜的孩子。He gave the poor child much help out of sympathy.出于同情，他给了这个穷孩子很多帮助。I am in sympathy with his view that the disabled need respecting.我同意他的观点：残疾人需要尊重。名师点津sympathy作“同情”之意时，常与介词for连用；作“赞成”之意时，与介词with连用。语境助记He is quite sympathetic and he shows great sympathy to those poor children who cant go to school.他很有同情心十分同情那些不能上学的可怜孩子。 favour n喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒(教材P11)As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.作为好意，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，使她变得更聪明，并且使她的家变得更高雅。do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人的忙in favour of.支持ask sb.for a favourask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙in ones favour对某人有利Could you do me a favour/do a favour for me and pick up Sam from school today?今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？I want to ask a favour of you/ask you for a favour；will you lend me your cell phone?我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.他们大部分人赞成我的观点，而戴维反对。The exchange rate is in our favour for the time being.汇率暂时对我们有利。词语巧记语境助记All of us favored the plan of going fishing，for the weather was favorable.我们所有人都同意去钓鱼的计划，因为天气很有利。 accompany vt.陪伴；陪同；伴奏(教材P11)As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of items for her.因为他不被允许陪她去商店，所以他就给她写了一份购物清单。accompany sb.at/on sth.(尤指用钢琴)为某人伴奏be accompanied by由某人陪同；由伴奏accompany sb.keep sb.company陪伴某人accompany sb.to someplace陪伴/陪同某人到某地 My neighbor came to accompany me/keep me company while my parents were out.我邻居在我父母外出时过来陪我。He accompanied his father to the hospital to see whats wrong with his stomach.他陪他的父亲去医院查看胃部出了什么问题。语境助记Her father accompanied her to the concert and when she sang her father accompanied her on the piano.Her song sounded wonderful accompanied by the music.她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。在音乐的伴奏下她的歌声听起来优美极了。名师点津(1)没有accompany sb.to do sth.结构。(2)accompany是及物动词，其后无需用介词。 ring up 给打电话(教材P11)When the clerk at the counter was rude to her，she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.当柜台的售货员对她很粗鲁时，她就给托尼打电话，让售货员同他讲话。 给某人打电话call/ring back回电话hang up/ring off挂断电话hang/hold on别挂断；请稍等I have to ring off/hang up now because my friend is waiting for me.我朋友在等我，我得挂电话了。She promised to ring/call back hours ago，but I havent received her calling up to now.几小时前她说过要回电话的，但是到现在为止我还未接到她的电话。I have something important to tell you.Please hang/hold on for a moment.我有要事要告诉你，请不要挂断电话。He telephoned me last night to ask a favour of me. He rang/called me up last night to ask a favour of me. He gave me a call/ring last night to ask a favour of me.他昨晚给我打电话请我帮忙。名师点津ring up中的up是副词，接人称代词作宾语时，人称代词要放在ring和up之间，接名词作宾语时，名词既可放在ring和up之间，也可放在ring up之后。 turn around/round 转向；转过身来；回转(教材P11)As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.她刚转身，就看到格拉迪丝克拉芬站在那儿。写出下列句中turn around的含义Though the situation looks gloomy，it will eventually turn around.回转；好转I turned around to see if anyone was following me.转身turn down降低；压低(力量、声音等)；拒绝turn up把声音开大；出现turn in上交turn on打开(煤气、电灯等)turn out关闭(煤气、电灯等)；结果是/原来是；在场turn to向求助；翻到(页码等)You could turn to the teachers whenever you have trouble in learning English.无论你何时学英语有困难，你都可以向老师寻求帮助。Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.因为太忙，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了聚会的邀请。He promised that he would come，but he hasnt turned up yet.他承诺会来，但是他还没有出现。 declare vt. 宣布；声明；表明；宣称(教材P1112)She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅只是使她开心。declare for/against声明赞成/反对declare sb./sth./oneself (to be)adj./n.声称某人/某事declare that. 宣布/宣告declare war on/against 对宣战its declared that. 据宣布Most people declared for peace and against war.大多数人宣布拥护和平，反对战争。They declared him to be (be) the winner.他们宣布他为获胜者。In 1941，Britain and the United States declared war on/against Japan and the Pacific War started.1941年，英国和美国对日宣战，太平洋战争开始。The moment the Olympic Games was declared (declare)open，the whole world cheered.奥运会一宣布开幕，全世界都沸腾了。 envy vt.忌妒；羡慕(教材P12)What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！被那些女士羡慕是多么惬意的胜利！(1)envy sb.(for) sth.羡慕/忌妒某人有某物envy sb.doing sth.羡慕/忌妒某人做某事(2)feel envy at对感到忌妒或羡慕out of envy 出于忌妒with envy 羡慕地；忌妒地be the envy of sb./sth.成为羡慕(或忌妒)的对象/东西She always envies me (for) my curly hair.她总是羡慕我的一头卷发。I envy you having (have) such a happy family.我羡慕你有一个这么幸福的家庭。That he did so is out of envy of my success.他这样做是出于忌妒我的成功。They looked with envy at Toms new car，which became the envy of all the neighbours.他们羡慕地看着汤姆的新车，这已经成为所有邻居妒忌的对象了。语境助记The dog with only a tiny bone envied the puppy(for) its big bone；the puppy became the envy of the dog.只有一小块骨头的狗羡慕小狗有大骨头，小狗成了它羡慕的对象。 leave.alone 不管；别惹；让一个人待着；和单独在一起(教材P12)She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.她喊到“让我独自待一会儿！”然后向床跑去。leave behind遗留；把抛在后面；超过leave aside 搁置一边；不予考虑leave for 动身到leave out 省略；遗漏leave off 停止；中断No wonder you couldnt get through.Youve left out a zero in this phone number.难怪你打不通。你在这个电话号码中漏掉了一个零。Lets start again from where we left off让我们从中断处重新开始。I think I left my credit card behind at the restaurant.我想我把信用卡落在餐馆里了。名师点津leave alone同let alone。但let alone还有“更不用说”之意。 (教材P11)It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human机器人看起来如此像人，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。【要点提炼】句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that he looked so human。it 作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句的常见形式有：(1)It be形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important.) that 从句。(2)It be名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，a shame，an honour，no wonder.) that 从句。(3)It be过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，declared，supposed，reported.) that 从句。(4)It不及物动词(seem，occur，happen.) that 从句。It is obvious that nobody would like to have dinner in such a dirty place.很明显，没有人想在这么脏的地方吃饭。Its a shame that we failed to fulfill the task ahead of time.我们没能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。It is believed (believe) that it is the earliest and largest ancient papermaking workshop site ever found.人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早的也是最大的造纸作坊。It occurred to me that I had left my ticket at home.我突然想起把票忘在家里了。 (教材P11)As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern她刚转身，就看到格拉迪丝克拉芬站在那儿。【要点提炼】本句中there stood Gladys Claffern是完全倒装句，是there be 句型的变式运用。there be句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词，如live，exist，lie，stand，seem，rise，remain，happen，come，go等替代。句型结构为：there存在类动词主语。There lived a young man who desired to be rich overnight.曾经有一个年轻人，他梦想一夜暴富。There stands (stand) an old pine tree in front of our classroom.我们教室前有一棵老松树。There seems to be something wrong with it.此事似乎出了问题。 (教材P12)But even though Tony had been so clever，he would have to be rebuiltyou cannot have women falling in love with machines.但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。【要点提炼】此处have sb.doing表示“允许或容忍某人做某事”，多用于否定句中，特别是用在cannot，will not等之后。have sb./sth.doing让持续做某事或处于某状态have/get sth.done做完某事have sb.do sth.让某人做某事have sth.to do有事情要做I cant have my brother sitting around doing nothing all day.我不会容忍我的弟弟整天闲坐着无所事事。He had his leg broken(break)while playing basketball.他打篮球时伤了腿。You can have your assistant ring (ring)me up.你可以让你的助手给我打电话。I have a lot of things to do (do)，so I cant go to see a film with you tonight.我有许多事情要做，因此今晚不能与你一起去看电影。1(教材P11)Claire didnt want the robot in her house，especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks，but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.【分析】句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句；第一个分句中as引导的是一个时间状语从句；在第二个分句中that引导的是宾语从句。【翻译】克莱尔不想把机器人留在家里，特别是她丈夫将离家三周，但是拉里说服她说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会允许她受到伤害。2(教材P11)On the second morning Tony，wearing an apron，brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.【分析】句中现在分词短语wearing an apron作伴随状语；whether引导的从句作动词ask的宾语。【翻译】第二天早晨，托尼系着围裙，给她端来了早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。3(教材P1112)She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.【分析】句中heard him declare.是“hear宾语宾补”结构；动词declare后接了两个并列的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。【翻译】她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅只是使她开心。4(教材P12)He had opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire，knowing that there was no risk to Claires marriage.【分析】主句为He had opened the curtains that night；so that引导的目的状语从句；knowing that.为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中that引导的从句作动词know的宾语。【翻译】那天晚上他拉开了窗帘，让其他女人看到了他和克莱尔，而且知道这对克莱尔的婚姻并不造成危害。.单句语法填空1The president appeared，accompanied (accompany) by six strong bodyguards.2I am ready to help others，because it can not only do others good but also give me a sense of satisfaction(satisfy)3They said that they had been left alone for 3 days with no food in the house.4Sam rang up the office and asked to speak to the manager.5I dont envy him visiting (visit) Beijing，because I have been there several times.6He stood there in favour of his father.7She was declared to be (be) guilty.8When I saw the newly designed car，I couldnt wait to test it out in person.9Disabled people desire to live (live) a normal life.10I have no sympathy with your silly idea.完成句子1当他思考时我们最好不要去打扰他。Wed better leave him alone when he is thinking.(leave)2当我下车的时候，远处似乎有个穿黑衣服的人。There appeared a man in black in the distance when I got off the bus.(there)3那位老人希望他的孩子们时不时地来看望他。The old man desires his children to come to visit him from time to time.(desire)4有些教授可能对它评价不高。It is possible that some of the professors may not think much of it.(it)5林先生，请别让我们一遍又一遍地抄写新单词。Mr Lin，please dont have us copying new words again and again. (have)