2019-2020同步人教英语新课标选修七讲义：Unit 3 Section Ⅱ　Learning about Language .doc

Section Learning about Language.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1There stands an old school on the opposite (在对面) side of the river.2If you want to join our club，theres an annual (按年度计算的) membership fee of $100.3The elephant yelled (大叫) to show its anger when another group came near.4She dived (跳水) into the pool gracefully and won another gold medal for China.5He paused (暂停) for breath and then continued climbing.6After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodation for the homeless families.7Lisa，though abandoned by her own parents three decades ago，badly longed to know where they were at present.8In many European countries，for example，the relationship between teachers and students is quite formal.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1accommodate vt.提供住宿accommodation n住所；住宿2flee vi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离fled (过去式)fled (过去分词)3depth n深(度)；深处deep adj.深的deepen v加深4abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的abandonment n遗弃；抛弃5annual adj.每年的；按年度计算的 n年刊；年鉴annually adv.每年地；年度地6conservation n保存；保护conserve v保存conservative adj.保守的；守旧的v.ion名词adj.th名词liberation 解放operation 操作；手术pollution 污染strength 强度；力量width 宽度 warmth 暖和；温暖.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1hear of听说2sort out分类；整理3in time 及时；迟早4let go 放开；松开；放手5in the meantime与此同时；在此期间6help out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难7hold up举起；阻挡；延误8aim at瞄准9ahead of在的前面10yell out大叫.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1She yelled out for help in the river，but no one came.2Have you heard of the news that Mary won the first prize in the contest?3The maths problem is too difficult for me to solve.Please help me out4Lets meet for lunch.Ill call you ahead of time to fix up exactly when and where.5Your computer wont be arriving till Thursday.In the meantime，you can use Judes.v.of动词短语inthen.介词短语approve of 赞成，赞同consist of 由构成dream of 梦到；梦想in the way 挡道；妨碍in the air 在空中；未定in the distance 在远处；远方的 背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。when引导定语从句It was a time when I was addicted to playing computer games；how I regret now.我曾一度迷恋玩网络游戏，现在真是后悔。2.This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。be about to do sth.意为“正要做某事”We were about to set out when it began to rain.我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨。3.A few minutes later，there was no Tom，so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom，circling back to the boat，leading us to the hunt again.几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用桨拍打水面，汤姆出现了，兜了个圈子转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。现在分词短语作状语All the way we were chatting，singing and laughing，enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery.一路上，我们聊天、唱歌、欢笑，尽情享受着清新的空气和美丽的风景。 witness v当场见到；目击；见证；为的证据 n目击者；证人；证据(教材P20)I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.那时我以为这只是一个故事，但是后来我亲眼看见过许多次。(1)witness sth.目击了某事witness to (doing) sth.证实；证明(做)某事witness for为作证(2)be a witness to sth.是的证据/证人bear/give witness to做的证人；为作证The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他的健康身体证明这种疗法是成功的。The witness who witnessed(witness) the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应作证人。图形助记 accommodation n. 住所；住宿；膳宿(教材P20)On the afternoon I arrived at the station，as I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.一天下午我来到捕鲸站，当我整理我的住处时，我听到从海湾方向传来了一阵巨大的喧闹声。(1)provide/make accommodations for 为提供膳宿(2)accommodate v.为提供住宿/空间；适应；(房间、建筑物等)容纳accommodate.to.adapt.to.使适应accommodate (oneself) to适应；顺应accommodate sb.with.supply sb.with.向某人提供He accompanied us to the place of interest and provided accommodations for us.他陪我们去了那个旅游景点，还给我们安排了膳宿。Everyone will have to accommodate himself(he) to the changed situation.每个人都必须使自己适应变化了的形势。The eye can accommodate itself to seeing(see) objects at different distances.眼睛能自动调节以便观看远近不同的景物。The manufacturer offered to accommodate us with a computer free of charge.厂家主动提出免费给我们提供一台电脑。语境助记If you cant find any accommodation elsewhere，here is a room which can accommodate up to five people.如果你在其他地方找不到住处，这里是一个最多容纳5人的房间。 opposite prep. 在对面 adj.相对的；相反的 adv.在对面 n对立的人(或物)；对立面(教材P20)We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。写出下列句中opposite的词性和含义Its easy to findtheres a church just opposite my house.prep.在对面However，some students have opposite views on the question.adj.相反的Good habits always lead to high efficiency，while bad ones lead to the opposite.n.对立物The woman sitting opposite is a detective.adv.在对面(1)be opposite to在对面；和相反just the opposite恰恰相反(2)opposition n.反对；反对派；在野党；敌对oppose vt.反对be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)She didnt make a mistakejust the opposite，what she did was right.她没有犯错误，恰恰相反，她所做的是正确的。As we all know，hot and cold are opposites. As we all know，hot is opposite to cold.我们都知道，热与冷相对。语境助记My opinion is opposite to yoursI oppose changing the rules.I find I am in opposition to you on many problems.我的观点与你的相反，我反对改变这些规则。我发现我在许多问题上与你立场相反。 depth n. 深；深度；深处(教材P20)Within a moment or two，its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.过了片刻，那只鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速地拖到深海中去了。in depth 全面；深入；详细at a depth of.在的深度in the depths of在正中；在深处Plant the beans at a depth of about six inches.把豆子种在大约六英寸深的地方。This is a new subject and needs to be explored in depth.这是个新课题，需要深入的研究。When her son got injured and disabled in the accident，she was in the depths of despair.当她儿子在事故中受伤致残时，她陷入了绝望的深渊。名师点津adj.deephighwidelongstrongbroadn.depthheightwidthlengthstrengthv.deepenheightenwidenlengthenstrengthenbroaden urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策n强烈的愿望；要求(教材P20)“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！” urged George，shouting loudly.乔治催促着并大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”(1)urge sth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事urge sb.into doing sth.催促/力劝某人做某事urge that.(should)动词原形催促；极力主张It is urged that.坚决要求；极力主张(2)have an urge to do sth.有做某事的欲望/冲动(3)urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了，我有去旅游的冲动。She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.她跑过他面前的时候，听到他在为她加油。He urged her to reconsider(consider) her decision. He urged her into reconsidering(consider) her decision.他催促她重新考虑自己的决定。 abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃 n狂热；放任(教材P21)From Jamess face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。(1)abandon (doing) sth.放弃(做)某物abandon oneself to沉湎于(2)with abandon纵情地；恣意地(3)abandoned adj.被遗弃的；恣意放荡的be abandoned to沉湎于During their annual celebration，they sang and danced with abandon.在他们年度庆祝期间，他们纵情地又唱又跳。By no means shall we abandon searching (search) for the missing people.我们绝不会放弃寻找失踪者。He is abandoned(abandon) to reading all kinds of books in his spare time. He abandons himself to reading all kinds of books in his spare time.闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。 help (.) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难(教材P21)What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out？有什么证据可以证明老汤姆正在帮助捕鲸人脱离困境？help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事cant help but do sth.不得不做某事cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事cannot help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事help oneself to sth.随便取；随便用When your country calls you for help，you cant help but go.当国家需要你支援时，你必须尽心为国家服务。I cant help wondering (wonder) what happened to that little girl.我忍不住想知道那个小女孩出了什么事。In China people often ask the police to help them out when in trouble.在中国，人们遇到麻烦的时候经常找警察帮忙。 (教材P19)It was a time when the killer whales，or“killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。【要点提炼】“It was a time when.”结构意为“曾经有一段时期”，其中when引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a time。It is a time when you can receive your friends letter in a few seconds.这是一个在几秒中你就可以收到朋友邮件的时期。There was once a time when women had no right to vote.曾经有一段时期妇女没有选举权。 (教材P20)This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。【要点提炼】be about to后接动词原形，意为“正要做某事；即将做某事”，习惯上不与具体的时间状语连用。(1)be about to do.when.正要做，这时(2)be going to do.多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事be to do 注定要发生；表示预先安排好的计划或约定；应该The exhibition is to start in a weeks time as planned.按计划，展览会将在一周后开幕。Im going to write to Henry this evening telling him the good news.我今天晚上打算给亨利写信，告诉他这个好消息。Dont go out now；we are about to have(have) lunch.不要出去了，马上我们就要吃午饭了。She was about to watch TV when the electricity was cut off.她刚要看电视，这时停电了。1(教材P19)It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.【分析】句中when引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a time；as they were then called也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词killers；that were on their annual migration是第三个定语从句，修饰先行词the baleen whales。【翻译】那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。2(教材P20)On the afternoon I arrived at the station，as I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.【分析】句中I arrived at the station是定语从句，修饰先行词the afternoon；as引导的是一个时间状语从句；coming from the bay为现在分词短语作谓语动词heard的宾语补足语。【翻译】一天下午我来到捕鲸站，当我整理我的住处时，我听到从海湾方向传来了一阵巨大的喧闹声。3(教材P21)It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James，and when we approached him，I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.【分析】句中and连接两个并列分句；第一个分句属于It takes/took some time to do sth.句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语；在第二个并列分句中when引导的是时间状语从句；being firmly held up为现在分词短语作谓语动词saw的宾语补足语。【翻译】我们花了半个多小时才把船头调向詹姆斯，当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着他。.单句语法填空1It is not difficult to sort out the materials as long as time permits.2He came in and took a seat opposite to me.3Whats the depth (deep) of the lake?4The junior clerk was alarmed when he witnessed (witness) the robbery in his office.5After the civil war broke out，what should be immediately done is to provide accommodations (accommodate) for those who fled out of their hometown.6Nobody helped me out when I lost my job.7During the civil war，thousands of people fled (flee) the country.8I was about to ring him up when he dropped in.9My dad abandoned smoking (smoke) because of his poor health.10I got a note from Mary urging me to get (get) in touch.完成句子1那是一个很多年轻人到农村去锻炼的时代。It was a time when many young people went to the countryside to get some training.(time)2他正要开始时来了一位不速之客。He was about to begin when an unexpected visitor came.(about)3他们强烈主张科学博物馆应在假期开放。They urged that the Science Museum be kept open during the vacation.(open)4过去的十年目睹了中国的巨大变化。The past ten years has witnessed the great changes in China. (witness)5他总是急人之难。Hes always willing to help out(help)