外研社新标准高职公共英语系列教材汇编实用综合教学方针教学教案(第二版)第一册教学方针教案课程Unit1Education.doc

#+Unit 1 EducationObjectives1. Read what Bill Gates says about education;2. Build up your vocabulary relating to campus life;3. Learn something from an ancient Greek educator;4. Study different types of nouns;5. Write an introduction of yourself.Focuses1. Build up your vocabulary relating to campus life;2. Write an introduction of yourself.Outline1. Warm-up Discussion; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (B and C)2. Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B)3. Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips4. Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises5. Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the class beforehand)6. Practical Writing Procedures:Classroom ActivitiesI. Warm-up discussionQuestion: Do you know anything about Bill Gates such as his life and his educational background?Hint1) birthday and birthplace: October 28, 1995; Seattle, Washington2) educational background: Harvard University (education not completed)3) career: chairmen and chief software architect of Microsoft, the words largest and most profitable software company.4) main events in his life: a. beginning programming computers at age 13;b. developing a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer in Harvard;c. founding Microsoft Corporation in 1975 at the age of 19II. Vocabulary in Text A1. education n. 教育e.g. Children in poor areas receive free education.educate v. 教育；教导educated adj. 受教育的e.g. a well-educated man educator n. 教育家，教育者2. count v. 派用场，点数e.g. 1) Every seconds counts. 2) What counts more is whether you have tried your best. 3) to count from 1 to 100 4) Count these apples. 3. advantage n. 有利条件，好处；优点，优势 e.g. This product has many advantages. advantageous adj. 有利的，有益的，便利的 e.g. It is highly advantageous to us. Phrase: take advantage of 很好的使用；利用 e.g. take advantage of all educational opportunities Antonym: disadvantage n. 不利；不利条件 e.g. His bad health is a great disadvantage to him when he looks for work.4. lifetime n. 一生，终生 e.g. 1) a lifetime guarantee 2)lifetime membership 3) In my fathers lifetime there have been many changes in the village.5. part-time adj.& adv. 兼职的（地） e.g. 1)a part-time job 2)He works part-time. full-time adj. 全职的 e.g. a full-time housewife6. programmer n. 程序师，编程员 program v. 编制程序 e.g. Please program the computer to do the job instead of doing it manually(手工操作).7. discourage vt. 不鼓励；使泄气，使失去信心 e.g. His parents discouraged him from joining the air force. discouraged adj. 泄气的，失去信心的 discouraging adj. 使人泄气的，使人失去信心的 e.g. 1) If you meet difficulty in your study, dont be discouraged. 2) It is discouraging that I didnt know how to solve the problem. Antonym: encourage vt. 鼓励 e.g. I encouraged her to work hard and to try to pass the examinations. courage n. 勇敢，勇气 e.g. David showed great courage when he saved the child from the burning house.8. diploma n. 文凭，毕业证书 e.g. a college diploma diplomatic adj. 外交的，从事外交的 e.g. Julia joined the diplomatic service after her graduation from university.9. project n. 项目，课题 e.g. 1) an impossible project 2) The professor is directing a research project.Synonym: plan10. highly adv. 高度地；非常 e.g. 1) a highly interesting story 2) a highly paid job Phrase: speak/ think highly of 赞扬，对给予很高评价 e.g. The leader speaks / thinks highly of our work.11. focus v. （使）集中；（使）聚焦 e.g. 1) to focus (ones mind) in work 2) All eyes focused on the speaker. focus n. （兴趣活动等的）中心，焦点 e.g. Because of his strange clothes, he immediately became the focus of attention when he entered the office.12. range n. 范围 e.g. You have a wide range of choices. range vi. 在某范围内变化e.g. The temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees.13. attend v. 参加，出席 e.g. attend school attend a lecture attendance n. 出席，到场14. automatically adv. 自动地 e.g. the machine operates automatically. automatic adj. 自动的 e.g. We have an automatic washing machine.15. drop out of 退学，不参与，退出 e.g. 1) He dropped out of school at the age of 10 because his family was too poor to afford the tuition. 2) She decided to drop out of the competition because it was not fire.16. chance of a lifetime 千载难逢的良机，一生中唯一的机会 e.g. Its the chance of a lifetime. You will regret it the rest of your life if you dont take it.17. try out 试验，考验 e.g. She bought a cookbook and tried out a few new recipes.18. in short 简而言之，总之 e.g. In short, you should study hard for a better future. Synonym: in brief/ to sum up/ all in all/ in conclusionIII. Language Points in Text A1. They want to know what to study, or whether its Ok to drop out of college since thats what I did.what to study: This is a wh-word + infinitive structure used as the object, which can be changed into an object clause. Wh-word + infinitive structure can be used as a subject, an object, or an appositive clause(同位语从句)，for example:1) How to improve their English is often discussed among the students.2) We havent decided when to visit the place.3) You havent answered my question about where to get these books.its Ok to drop out of college: Here “it” is used as a formal subject, and the actual subject is the infinitive structure “to drop out of college”. The general pattern is “It is + adj. + (for/ of + sb.) to do sth.” More examples:1) It was very thoughtful of her to come to see me when I was ill.2) Its easy for me to see through his trick.thats what I did: “what I did” here is a predictive clause (表语从句)introduced by “what”. It is always structured in the form of “subject + be/ look/ remain/ seem + predictive clause” and can be introduced by such words as “that” (always omitted), and other wh-words, for example:1) It seems (that) it is going to rain.2) This is why I refused to attend the meeting.2. As Ive said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the chance of a lifetime.As Ive said before: This is a non-restrictive relative clause(非限制性关系从句) introduced by “as”(正如的那样), which can be placed at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. More examples:1) As people expected, she was admitted to Beijing University.2) Hundreds of people were killed in the earthquake, as I have learned from the newspaper.unless: is a conjunction for an adverbial clause of condition (条件状语从句), which equals “ifnot”(除非). e.g. I wont leave unless the rain stops.3. In my companys early years, we have a bright part-time programmer who planned to drop out of high school to work.planned to: intend to do sth.计划、打算做某事e.g. I plan to make a trip to Beijing during the summer vocation.who planned to work: a restrictive relative clause introduced by “who” since its antecedent is a person and serves as the subject in the clause. The relative pronoun “that” can be used here too. More examples:1) The young man who sits there quietly is my brother.2) I dont like people that pry into others private business.4. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job.look to sb./ sth.: to depend on sb. or sth. for help or advice 指望，依赖 e.g. We look to you for support.5. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn many things and to do projects with others that teach you about team spirit.that teach you about team spirit: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by “that”, whose antecedent acts as the subject of the clause. Actually the relative clause introduced by “that” can be used to modify both the person or the thing, and the roll of “that” can be either the subject or the object. e.g. He was the only one that I knew there. I havent been to the place that you have mentioned.6. In high school there was a time when I was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years I had many interests.when software: This is a relative clause introduced by the relative adverb “when”, which acts as the adverbial of time in the clause. e.g. 1) There was a time when I completely lost my self-confidence. 2) I will never forget those days when we were together.7. For me, classroom is not the only place where you can learn.where you can learn: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by the relative adverb “where”, which is used as the adverbial of place in the clause.e.g. 1) Do you still remember the restaurant where we had dinner last night? 2) This is the place where he stayed his whole life.8. In short, its a real mistake not to take the chance to study a wide range of subjects and to learn to work with other people because education does count.its a real mistake not to take the chance: This is an example of a negative infinitive structure, where “not” is placed before an infinitive.e.g. 1) We are asked not to speak loudly in class.2) It is a good idea not to go out on such a rainy day.IV. Focus on Grammar名词(Noun )一、名词的概念 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词叫做名词。二、名词的分类 按照意义划分，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1. 专有名词 专有名词表示特定的人或物，如人名、地名、机构组织名称等，首字母须大写，有些须带定冠词。如Shakespeare Michael Jordan New York Europe the Atlantic the Philippines the United Nations the Peoples Republic of China2. 普通名词 普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称，又可分为四类。 1）个体名词：指人或物的个体，可以计数。如：a book, two books; a teacher, several teachers 2）集体名词：指一群人或物的总称，有些可数，有些不可数，而有些总以复数形式出现。 可数集体名词，如：class, team, family 不可数集体名词，如：furniture, equipment, machinery 复数形式的集体名词，如：people, police, clothes 3）物质名词：表示不能分为个体的物质，为不可数名词。如：meat, milk, gold, cloth, land 4）抽象名词：表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念，为不可数名词。如：friendship, hunger三、名词的计数 按照名词是否有复数形式，还可以把名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词的复数形式构成有规则变化与不规则变化之分。1. 规则可数名词复数形式的构成详见学生用书。2. 不规则名词的复数构成主要有以下几种情况： 1）通过内部元音变换成复数。如：foot-feet, mouse-mice, man-men 2）通过加-en变为复数。如：child-children, ox-oxen 3）有些名词单复数同形。如：means-means, species-species, sheep-sheep 4）外来词的复数形式。如：analysis-analyses, datum-data, criterion-criteria3. 不可数名词的计数：不可数名词的计数须使用“单位词”。如： A piece of news, an article of furniture, a bar of chocolate, a bowl of riceV. Language Points in Text B1. Being a man of few words: This is an ing participial phrase（现在分词短语） used as an adverbial to denote cause or reason, which can be changed into an adverbial clause of cause or reason（原因状语从句）: “As he was a man who didnt speak a lot.” e.g. Not feeling well, she asked for leave to go to the doctor. Being poor in health and lacking in teaching experience, she was dismissed.2. He with all of his clothes still on, walked straight out into the sea: with all of his clothes still on: This is a prepositional phrase used as an adverbial denoting accompanying circumstances. e.g. He left home with the door unlocked. We stayed here for a whole week with nothing to do at all.3. The student followed him and joined him where the water was just below their chins.join sb.: to be with sb., to come into the company of sb. e.g. I asked her to join me in a walk. Please join me in a toast to the health of our host.4. Looking deep into his students eyes: This is an ing participial phrase denoting accompanying circumstances, which can be changed into a coordinate clause. e.g. She telephoned me, telling me that she had got a promotion. He came downstairs, singing softly to himself.5. Just before a life was taken away, Socrates freed the student.take away: to cause to lose e.g. No one can take away what is destined to belong to you. The man was courageous enough to save the girl from the fire even though it might have taken away his life.6. “When you want wisdom and knowledge as badly as you wanted to breath, then you will have them.” asas: 像一样，和一样 e.g. She is my favorite singer. In my eye, there is no one as good as her. The new campus is twice as big as the old one.VI. Focus on Writing人们初次见面往往要做自我介绍，而书面的自我介绍主要见于求职信或自我推荐信。一般来说，自我介绍应包括姓名、性别、年龄、出生地、家庭背景、教育情况、工作经历、兴趣爱好等。如果是交友目的的自我介绍，也可以适当加入相貌描写。自我介绍内容上要真实准确，表达上应清楚礼貌。 Expressions for description of a person:1) Forehead: A persons forehead can be large, high, low, broad, narrow, flat, etc.2) Face: A persons face can be round, square, oval, thin, long, big, etc.3) Eyes: A person may have dark eyes, deep-set eyes, clear and bright eyes, watery eyes, etc.4) Hair: Hair may be short, long, thin, thick, straight, curly, wavy, unkempt, etc. And hair may have the colors of black, red, brown, grey, silver, white, fair, blond, golden, etc.5) Figure: A persons figure may be slender, slim, fat, plump, stout, thin, lean, etc.6) Height: A person may be tall, short, of medium/ average height, etc.