2019-2020同步译林英语必修五新突破讲义：Unit 2 Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc

Section Language points()(Welcometo the unit & Reading).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1Dont be so greedy(贪婪的)leave some of the food for the rest of us.2Recycling(回收利用)is good for the environment，but it costs a lot of money.3In our modern society，quality often matters more than quantity(数量)4Upon arriving at the building on fire，the firefighters rapidly pumped(用泵抽水) water to put out the fire.5If you have any questions you want to ask，please talk to the manager on duty(责任)6His good performance in school does great credit to his mother.7Nothing is too difficult to a willing heart.8After a long debate the House of Commons approved the bill.9The Yellow River originates in the west and flowseastwards into the sea.10They tried to stop the escape of gas from the damaged pipe.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词。1responsible adj.负责的responsibility n责任，职责2environment n环境environmental adj.环境的3product n产品；产量produce vt.&vi.生产，制造production n产量；生产4belief n看法；信念believe v相信，信以为真5operate vt.&vi.经营；动手术operation n运转，操作operator n操作员，接线员n.aladj.v.ionn.originoriginal 原始的，最初的personpersonal 个人的traditiontraditional 传统的impressimpression 印象electelection 选举actaction 行为.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1use up用尽2be concerned about 对关心3run out(of) 用完，耗尽4cut back on 减少，削减，缩减5result in 引起，导致6open the floor 自由发言7be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事8flow into 流入；汇入.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1At the end of the meeting，well open the floor for discussion.2We have to find alternative energy before the fossil fuels run out3Speaking of pollution，I think of waste water flowing into rivers through pipes.4They keep a list of people who are willing to work nights.5People are concerned about the environmental problems such as global warming.cutadv.动词短语v.adv.prep.动词短语cut down 砍倒；减少cut off 切断；断绝cut out 停止；裁剪catch up with赶上look down on/upon 轻视，看不起add up to 总计，加起来等于1With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.和我一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。记句式结构“介词短语be动词主语”构成的完全倒装句。仿写促落实Among the goods are Christmas trees，flowers，candles and toys.这些商品里有圣诞树、花儿、蜡烛和玩具。2The worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.与1800年相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。记句式结构“倍数what从句”构成的倍数表达句。仿写促落实The number of the rural leftbehind children is five times what it was ten years ago.农村留守儿童的数量是十年前的五倍。3What if they run out?如果它们被用完了怎么办呢？记句式结构What if引导的句子表示假设，可译为“如果怎么办呢？”仿写促落实What if it rains when we cant get under shelter?假如下起雨来，我们又没处避雨怎么办？4Other types of waste flow into our water，killing river and sea life.其他类型的废物则流入我们的水域，杀死了河海生物。记句式结构现在分词短语作结果状语。仿写促落实His father died，leaving him a lot of money他父亲去世了，留给他很多钱。5It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.显然，你非常担心我们的环境现状。记句式结构It is/wasadj./n.that从句仿写促落实It is strange that we havent heard from him.奇怪，我们一直没有他的消息。 debate n&vi.辩论；争论，讨论(教材P22)Todays debate question is，“The economy or the environmentmust we choose？”今天辩论的话题是“经济还是环境我们必须做出选择吗？”(1)under debate在讨论中a debate on/about/over. 关于的辩论(2)debate about. 就辩论debate with sb. about sth. 就某事与某人争辩(2018江苏高考阅读理解C)With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.由于国会要讨论一项新的农业法案，消费者必须与年轻农民站在一起。There is a growing debate about the most effective way for students to study.人们对学生学习的最有效的方法讨论得很激烈。One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.其中一个在讨论中的问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。She often debates with classmates about the meaning of“happiness”她经常和同学们辩论“幸福”的意义。明辨异同debate/argue/quarreldebate指正式的辩论，通常在一位仲裁人的主持下，按照一定的规则进行，双方各自陈述理由argue是指说理、论证，侧重于摆出事实，试图说服对方，也可能是激烈地交换意见，以致争吵quarrel“争吵，吵架”，指因小事发生口角形象记忆debatearguequarreldebate，argue，quarrelThe couple was quarreling about whose turn it was to cook the dinner.He knew it was useless arguing with his father.They debated hotly whether to accept these proposals or not. cut back on减少，削减，缩减(教材P22)It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.努力削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的责任。cut off 切掉；割掉；分离；隔离(常跟from)；中断cut across 抄近路穿过；径直穿过cut away 切掉；剪掉cut down 砍倒；杀死；削减；缩短cut in 插嘴；突然插入；超车cut out 切掉；删掉；剪下；裁剪cut up 切碎；使丧气；使痛心We need to cut the article down to 1，000 words.我们得把这篇文章缩短到1 000字。Many villages have been cut off by the heavy snow.许多村子都被大雪孤立了。Lets cut up the chicken and make some soup.我们把鸡剁成块煮汤吧。 responsibility n责任，职责(教材P23)They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.他们就会联想到贪婪的商人逃避自己的责任，只关心金钱。(1)a sense of responsibility 责任感have/take responsibility for 对负责(2)responsible adj. 负有责任的；负责的be responsible for 对负责The father of a family should have more sense of responsibility.一家人中父亲应有更多的责任感。Dont worry.If anything goes wrong，Ill take responsibility for it.没关系，出了问题我承担责任。They have responsibility for ensuring that the rules are enforced.他们有责任确保制度的执行。 belief n看法；信念；信仰；宗教信条(教材P23)People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这不一定是正确的。(1)beyond belief难以置信in the belief that. 相信have belief in. 对有信心(2)believe v. 相信，认为believe in 信任，信赖believe sb. 相信某人的话(3)believable adj. 可相信的；可信任的unbelievable adj. 难以置信的It is beyond belief that his aunt，an 80yearold lady，can sing and dance so wonderfully.他的姑姑，一位80岁的老太太，能唱得跳得那么好，真是令人难以置信。(2018天津高考完形填空)I couldnt believe I had got into such a situation.我简直不敢相信我竟陷入了这种境地。He came to me in the belief that I could help him.他到我这里来，相信我能帮助他。I believe in his ability，but I cant believe what he says.我相信他的能力，但是我不相信他说的话。 operate vt.& vi.经营，管理；实施；运转；动手术(教材P23)The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。(1)operate on sb.给某人动手术(2)operation n 手术；运转；实施perform an operation on sb. 为某人做手术come into operation 开始运转；实施起来put.into operation 使运转；使实施in operation 工作中；实施中(2018天津高考阅读理解A)Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector.执行以下操作以确保烟雾探测器的安全运行。We will have to perform an operation on his eyes.我们得给他的眼睛动手术。The doctors decided to operate on her leg immediately.医生决定马上给她的腿动手术。图形助记三图详解“operate”名师点津operate表示“操作；管理；经营”时，为及物动词，同义词有run，manage等；operate表示“动手术”时，为不及物动词，跟宾语时需接介词on。 credit n赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分(教材P23)We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy，and give them more credit!我们应该停止将这些公司和商人视为敌人，而应给他们更多的赞誉！give sb.credit for.为而称赞某人to ones credit 某人值得赞扬/钦佩do sb./sth.creditdo credit to sb./sth. 某人/某物值得赞扬credit card/limit 信用卡/额度on credit 赊账，以赊购方式(2018全国卷完形填空)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hardearned.在他的介绍之中，他清楚地表明我们的学分不会轻易地获得。Your honesty does you great credit.你的诚实值得大大表扬。It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money that you found.你拾金不昧的行为是很值得表扬的。Credit cards enable holders to obtain goods and services on credit.信用卡能使持卡人通过赊账的方式购买商品和得到服务。 quantity n数量(教材P23)Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.林女士建议削减生产来保护环境。in large quantitiesin quantity大量地；很多a large/great/huge quantity oflarge/huge quantities of 许多的；大量的This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.此药大量服用会有害的。A large quantity of books is (be) stored in the library near the playground.大量的书被保存在操场附近的图书馆里。Quantities of water in the lake have been (be) polluted by the factory producing kinds of cloth.这个湖里大量的水被制造各种布匹的工厂污染了。名师点津a large quantity of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；large quantities of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 willing adj.愿意的，乐意的(教材P23) Asking around，I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。(1)be willing to do sth.愿意做某事(2)unwilling adj. 不愿意的be unwilling to do sth. 不愿意做某事(3)willingly adv. 愿意地，乐意地unwillingly adv. 不愿意地，不乐意地Successful people are those who are willing to take pains.成功的人都是那些肯努力的人。(2018天津高考阅读理解D)We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead.我们到了河边，他们不情愿地走在前面。Is there any man unwilling to fight(fight) in defence of his country?难道有谁不愿为保卫自己的国家而战吗？ run out用完，耗尽(教材P25)What if they run out?如果它们被用完了怎么办呢？run outgive out/be used up(被)用完，(被)耗尽run out ofuse up 用完(光)，耗尽use up 用尽(2018江苏高考完形填空)Their savings had been used up to pay lawyers fees.他们的积蓄都被用来支付律师费。People will run out of water resources one day.人们总有一天会耗尽水资源。名师点津run out与give out表示“被用完，被耗尽”，是不及物动词短语，主语通常是物；run out of相当于use up，表示“用完”，是及物动词短语，主语通常是人。According to the rule of the competition，we have to use up all the items before the time runs outHowever，it is a long and tiring process.As a result，the day，long before I ran out of the time given by the judge，my strength had given outWhat a disappointment!根据比赛规则，我们得在时间结束前，用完所有的东西。但是，这是一个漫长而且累人的过程。结果，那天早在我用完裁判规定的时间之前，我就已经筋疲力尽了。真令人失望！ (教材P22)With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.和我在一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。要点提炼句中With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing.是“介词短语be动词主语”的完全倒装结构。(1)为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，或为了强调表语，可把介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语倒装。(2)here，there，now，then等副词位于句首，句子的谓语动词为be，come，go等，且句子的主语是名词时，句子的主谓常完全倒装。(3)表示趋向的副词in，out，away，up，down，off等位于句首，句子的谓语动词为go，fly，rush，run等表示动作的动词，且句子的主语是名词时，句子的主谓常完全倒装。(4)表示方位的介词短语位于句首，句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(如lie，stand，live，sit，exist等)时，句子的主谓常完全倒装。Seated in the front were the guests.坐在前排的是客人。Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.你久盼的信在这儿。Out rushed(rush) the boy when he heard the noise.听到响声时，男孩冲了出去。Beyond the river lives(live) an old fisherman.有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。名师点津在以上完全倒装句中，当主语是代词时，则句子的主谓不用倒装；谓语动词的数要与主语的数保持一致。 (教材P22)The worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.与1800年相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。要点提炼句中“six timeswhat从句”是一种倍数的表达结构。倍数表达法的其他结构：(1)倍数as形容词或副词原级as比较对象(2)倍数形容词或副词比较级than比较对象(3)倍数the名词(表示量度)of比较对象(4)the名词(表示量度)of.be倍数that/those of.This room is twice as large as that one.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。The length of this pipe is three times that of that one.这根管子的长度是那根的3倍。The car runs twice faster than that truck.这辆小轿车比那辆卡车快一倍。This book is three times the length(long) of that one.这本书的篇幅是那本书的三倍。 (教材P25)What if they run out?如果它们被用完了怎么办呢？要点提炼what if为连词词组，表示“如果怎么办”，位于句首。句中可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。what if可看成是What would sb.do if.，What would happen if.或What does it matter if.的省略。类似what if的常用省略结构：How come.？怎么会？What/How about.? 怎么样？So what? 那又怎样？What for? 为何目的？(2018天津高考阅读理解B)What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in?如果他们长时间谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画，怎么办呢？If she spent five years in Paris，how come her French is so bad?既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？What/How about taking(take) a walk after dinner?晚饭后去散步怎么样？1It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycle，and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment.分析这是一个复合句。it是形式主语，代替to increase the amount of waste we recycle，and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment为动词不定式结构作真正主语；其中，we recycle是定语从句，修饰前面的名词waste；that do not harm the environment也是定语从句，修饰ways。翻译增加我们回收东西的数量，并且教给人们不危害环境的生活方式是大有好处的。2What Im here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants，I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.分析该句是一个主系表结构。主语是一个由what引导的名词性从句，谓语是is，表语是一个由that引导的从句；此从句中having worked.这一分词短语作原因状语，后面的一句话是整个that引导的表语从句的主干，其中know后是that引导的宾语从句。翻译在这里我想说的是，我一直和很多环保顾问合作，所以我知道，健康的环境和发展是可以并存的。.单句语法填空1The bill that the politician put forward is stillunderdebate.It is expected to be passed in the meeting next week.2We plan to save more money for the new house，so we have to cut back on everyday expense.3The oldest man in my village has a firm belief (believe)in the value of cold baths.4The grandfather，much to the surprise of the doctors，wont want his granddaughter to be operated(operate) on this week.5Sometimes she is just unwilling to go(go) to work because of bad weather.6According to this survey，some TV programmes should take responsibility for teenagers negative behavior.7They had to stop halfway because they had used up the oil.8To their credit，the four countries work together in some areas，but still have very different institutions.9Large quantities of polluted water are(be) flowing into the sea now.10Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running outWe must act immediately before theres none left.完成句子1我们的图书馆在校园的中心位置。In the center of our school is our library(倒装结构)2如果我们遇到我们任何人都处理不了的情况怎么办呢？What if we meet with a situation(that/which)none of us are able to deal with？(what if)3这个房子的价格是2008年时的三倍。The price of the house is three times what it was in 2008.(what)4别担心，出了问题我来承担责任。Dont worry.If anything goes wrong，Ill take responsibility for it(responsibility)5杰克在父亲经营的一家煤矿里工作。Jack works in a coal mine operated by his father(operate)