2019-2020同步译林英语选修七新突破讲义：Unit 3 Section Ⅱ　Language Points （Ⅰ） （Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc

Section Language Points () (Welcome to the unit & Reading).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1Once a fire breaks out，sound the fire alarm(警报) and then leave the hotel quickly.2The doctor gave me explicit (清楚明白的) instructions on when and how to take the medicine.3According to the statistics (统计数字)，young drivers are more likely to have accidents than older drivers.4Considering its diverse (多种多样的) cultures，it is an attractive country，one worthy of a visit.5He addressed (向说) a few introductory remarks to the audience.6If you talk to your children as if they were adults，you will strengthen the bonds and become closer friends.7They didnt want to raise any false hopes，but they believed her husband had escaped capture.8Every year the company evaluates the workers and then decides their monthly pay.9Almost everyone has his/her own strengths and weaknessesIt is where others are weak that maybe you have a great advantage.10We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1assume vt.假定，假设assumption n假定，假设2evaluate vt.评估，评价evaluation n评估，评价3accurate adj.准确的，无差错的accuracy n准确性；精确度4educate v教育educator n教育工作者，教师；教育(学)家educated adj.受过教育的education n教育，教育体系5weak adj.虚弱的weakness n缺点，不足；弱点；虚弱，衰弱weaken v(使)变虚弱6refer v提及；参考，查阅reference n参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人7alarm vt.使担心，使害怕，使警觉 n警报(器)；惊慌；闹钟alarmed adj.担心的，害怕的alarming adj.使人害怕的，吓人的adj.nessn.v.encen.darkness n黑暗，阴暗happiness n幸福，愉快illness n疾病existence n存在；生存；存在物preference n偏爱，嗜好reference n参考，查阅.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1a variety of各种各样的2keep in touch with.与保持联系 3in favour of支持4have effects on.对有影响5turn to somebody/something向求助6at someones command受某人支配7communicate with.与交流8be based on.建立在的基础上9what is more更有甚者，更为重要的是10drop out退学，辍学；退出，脱离.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1Parents often find it difficult to communicate with their children.2He kept in touch with us while he was on vacation.3My advice didnt have great effects on him.4The decorations are absolutely beautiful and whats more，the children have made them themselves.5We told him that our services were completely at his commanddropadv.动词短语turnprep.动词短语drop off 睡着；(让)下车drop over 顺便来访drop out 退出，退学turn against 对采取敌对态度turn into 进入；使变成，使成为turn on 开，旋开(电灯等)背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Another truly wonderful aspect of the Internet is the way people use it to build social bonds.因特网的另一个真正精彩之处在于人们利用它建立社会关系的方式。the way后用that/in which或省略关系词来引导定语从句。It all depends on the way(that/in which) you communicate with us.这完全取决于你与我们交流的方式。2.Without the Internet，these people would have fewer avenues to meet people.如果没有因特网，这些人与别人交往的途径就会更少。without短语相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。Thank you very much! We would not have achieved so much without your help.太感谢了！如果没有你的帮助的话，我们不可能取得如此大的成绩。3.I feel it is important for us either to limit our use of the Internet，or to learn how to handle the problems it has caused.我认为，重要的是我们要么限制使用因特网，要么学会如何解决它所引起的问题。either.or.“要么要么”，用于连接并列成分。Shes the kind of person you either love or hate.她是那种叫你不是爱就是恨的人。 turn to somebody/something 向求助(教材P34)When people need information，from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research，the Internet is now the first source they turn to.如今，当人们需要信息时，无论是新闻、天气预报还是包价旅游、学术研究，因特网都是他们求助的首选。turn to sb.for help向某人求助turn to翻到；转向；转为；查阅turn down调小/低；拒绝turn up开大；调高；出现；到达turn off关掉；使(某人)失去兴趣turn out原来是；结果是；出席(某项活动)，在场(2019全国卷)It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪)结果，仅仅看看越来越多的绿色树木便能减缓紧张、降低血压并且使人的情绪好转。He promised to come today，but he hasnt turned up yet.他许诺今天来，但还没有露面。When water turns to steam，it expands.水变成水蒸气时体积会膨胀。If you have any question，you can turn to me for help.如果你有任何问题都可以向我求助。 (教材P34)With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse，a student will find abundant information from the largest libraries and museums in the world at his or her command一名学生轻按键盘键或点击鼠标，就能从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆找到大量信息，加以使用。(1)abundant adj.大量的，充裕的(1)be abundant in富有(2)abundance n.大量；丰富；充裕in abundance大量；丰足Wild flowers grow in abundance on the hillsides.山坡上长满了野花。It is said that the country is abundant in natural resources.据说这个国家自然资源丰富。(2)command n命令；控制；掌握 vt.命令；指挥；控制(1)at sb.s command受某人支配in command of控制，指挥take/have command of指挥，控制have a good command of精通(2)command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command that.命令She has a large English vocabulary at her command.她掌握了大量的英语词汇。For the first time in years，she felt in command of her life.多少年来第一次，她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。He commanded the work to be started(start) at once.He commanded that the work (should) be started(start) at once.他命令立刻开始这项工作。Applicants will be expected to have a good command of English.申请人必须精通英语。名师点津command后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词常用“(should)动词原形”；command作名词时，后接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句谓语动词也用“(should)动词原形”。 assumption n假定，假设(教材P34)They make the assumption that children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work.他们猜想孩子们在聊天和打游戏上面花费的时间太多了，而没有集中精力去做功课。(1)make an assumption/assumptions认为；假定；做出臆断on the assumption that.在假定的情况下(2)assume vt.假设，假定assume/assuming (that).以为先决条件；假定assume sb./sth.to be.假设某人/某事是It is generally assumed that.人们普遍认为Lets make the assumption that everyone invited has such potential.让我们假设邀请的每一个人都有这方面的潜能。Assuming that the other students arrive on time，we can all leave together.假定其他同学都按时到达的话，我们就能一起离开。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.人们普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。We must assume him to be(be) innocent until he is proved guilty.尚未证实他有罪，就得假定他是清白的。 (教材P34)What is more，people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can correspond and communicate with others around the globe who have similar interests.此外，身有残疾而必须待在家里的人也能(通过因特网)与全球各地趣味相投的人们通信、交流。(1)what is more更有甚者，更为重要的是(1)what is more在句中常作插入语，译为“更有甚者，更重要的是；而且；此外”。(2)what is worse/to make things worse 更糟的是Gas is a very efficient fuel.And whats more，its clean.天然气是高效燃料，而且还清洁。Lots of trees were blown down.Whats worse(bad)，some people were killed or injured.许多树木被风刮倒了。更糟糕的是，还死伤了一些人。(2)correspond vi.通信；相一致，符合；相当于correspond with sb. 与某人通信correspond with/to sth. 与某事相一致correspond to sth. 相当于某事；类似于某事Weve corresponded with each other for years but Ive never actually met him.我们已互相通信多年了，可是我从未见过他本人。His story of what happened that night didnt correspond with/to the witness version.他所说的那天晚上发生的事情和目击者的版本不一致。The broad lines on the map correspond to roads.这个地图上的粗线相当于道路。 address vt.探讨，解决，处理；向说话；称呼(某人)(教材P35)The main drawbacks of the Internet I will address today are that it has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy，and that it is transforming the way people spend their time.我今天所要谈及的因特网的主要缺点是网上有太多未经核准的信息，以及它正改变人们使用时间的方式。写出下列句中address的含义We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.设法解决，处理Dont address me as “boss”称呼Im afraid I have addressed the parcel wrongly.写(收信人)姓名地址Hes going to give us an address on public hygiene(卫生)演讲(1)address sth.to sb.向某人说某事；把某物寄给某人address sb.as.称呼某人为address oneself to (doing) sth.致力于或忙着(做)某事(2)address n.地址，通信处；演说，讲话 vt.写姓名地址The letter is addressed to you.这封信是寄给你的。The students all addressed themselves to preparing(prepare) for the coming exam.所有学生都在忙着准备即将到来的考试。 reference n参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信；介绍人(教材P35)These problems do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials，such as books，newspapers and magazines.若人们使用传统的参考资料，如书籍、报纸和杂志时，这些问题就不会那么经常地发生了。(1)make a/no reference to提/不提in reference to.关于(2)refer v.提及；参考；查阅refer to提到；涉及；查阅The educator made no reference to the uptodate teaching method.这位教育家没有提及最新的教学方法。In this report，the victims were not referred to by name.在报告中没有提到受害人的姓名。I am writing to you in reference(refer) to the job opening in your department.获悉贵部门有空缺职位，特来函咨询。 drop out 退学，辍学；退出，脱离(教材P35)One university did a study about the students who had dropped out，and found that 43 per cent of them were heavy Internet users.某大学曾对退学的学生做过一个调查，发现43%的人痴迷于因特网。drop out of.退出，脱离drop back后退drop in on sb.顺便拜访某人drop in at some place顺便拜访某地drop behind落后；落伍Dont forget to drop in on me if you are in London.您来伦敦的话，可别忘了来找我。You cant afford to drop behind our competitors.你可担当不起落后于我们竞争对手的后果。It is a pity that she dropped out of school to be a waitress.遗憾的是她退学去当了服务员。Who do you think dropped in at my office this afternoon?你认为今天下午谁来我的办公室了？ withdraw vi.& vt.脱离(社会)，不与人交往；撤回；取(款)(教材P35)This study shows that people who spend too much time on the Internet tend to withdraw from the people and the world round them.这项研究显示，在网上花费太多时间的人有离群避世的倾向。(1)withdraw from. 脱离；从撤回/退出；停止提供withdraw.from. 从撤回(2)withdrawal n. 撤回；撤退；收回；退出；取款We didnt know how the thief withdrew money from others accounts.我们不知道那个小偷是怎样从别人的账号里取走钱的。You can make withdrawals of up to $250 a day.你一天可以从银行账户中提取最多不超过250美元。After her father died，the girl withdrew from others and often stayed alone.在她父亲去世后，这个女孩不与人交往，常常独自待着。图形助记巧记withdraw脱离人群撤销取款 alarm vt.使担心，使害怕，使警觉 n警报(器)；惊慌；闹钟(教材P37)This is an unfortunate aspect of the Internet that alarms me.这是因特网让我担心的一个不好的方面。(1)in alarm惊恐地(2)alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的be alarmed at/by/over担心；害怕(3)alarming adj.使人害怕的；吓人的On hearing the scream，he jumped up in alarm.一听到尖叫声，他惊慌地跳了起来。Everybody was alarmed(alarm) at the news that war might break out.每个人听到战争可能爆发的消息都感到恐慌。Population in the country grows at an alarming(alarm) rate.这个国家人口增长的速度使人害怕。语境助记We were alarmed at the alarming alarm as the alarm did alarm us.我们被那令人惊恐的警报声吓了一跳，因为那警报的确使我们感到惊恐。 (教材P34)Another truly wonderful aspect of the Internet is the way people use it to build social bonds因特网的另一个真正精彩之处在于人们利用它建立社会关系的方式。【要点提炼】the way 之后是省略引导词that/in which 的定语从句。way(方式，方法)后的定语从句的引导词有两种：(1)在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作主语、宾语或表语，要用that或which引导定语从句，引导词作宾语时可以省略；(2)在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作状语，则用that或in which引导定语从句，也可以省略引导词。(2019全国卷)“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，”Dr.Livingstone says.“这表明在它们的大脑里有代表数量的某种方式。”Livingstone博士说。The way that was put forward at the meeting was approved of by all the people.会上提出的建议得到了大家的赞许。The way that/which the teacher explained to the children was quite simple.那位老师向孩子们解释的方法很简单。The way in which the teacher taught the word to the children was not difficult to understand.那位老师教孩子们单词所用的方式不难理解。 (教材P34)Without the Internet，these people would have fewer avenues to meet people.如果没有因特网，这些人与别人交往的途径就会更少。【要点提炼】本句为含蓄条件句，without the Internet相当于if there were no Internet，且表示与现在事实相反的假设。(1)without引出含蓄条件，相当于一个if引导的条件从句，既可表示与现在事实相反的假设，也可表示与过去事实相反的假设。有类似用法的词语还有：but for(要不是)，otherwise(否则)，or(否则)，分词短语(如given more time)等。(2)表示与现在事实相反的假设或对将来情况的虚拟时，谓语动词用would/ might/ could/ shoulddo；表示与过去事实相反的假设时，谓语动词用would/ might/ could/ shouldhave done。I would have failed in the examination without your help.没有你的帮助的话，我就不能通过这次考试。But for your timely rescue，the boy would have been drowned.要不是你及时营救的话，这个男孩已被淹死了。Thanks for your directions to the house，otherwise we wouldnt have found(find) it.谢谢你给我们指明方向，否则我们不可能找到这栋房子。Without the opening and reform，we would still live a poor life.要是没有改革开放的话，我们还会过穷日子。1(教材P34)Internet users can communicate with experts on all sorts of topics，and read articles written by people who are leaders of their fields.【分析】句中Internet users.read articles是主句；written by people为过去分词短语作定语，修饰articles；who are leaders of their fields是定语从句，修饰先行词people。【翻译】使用因特网的人可以就所有话题与专家们交流并阅读各个领域中的领导人物所写的文章。2(教材P35)The main drawbacks of the Internet I will address today are that it has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy，and that it is transforming the way people spend their time.【分析】句中I will address today是定语从句，修饰先行词drawbacks；谓语动词are后是两个由that引导的表语从句；第一个表语从句中，information后接一个由that引导的定语从句；第二个表语从句中，the way后面也接了一个定语从句，该从句省略了关系词in which或that。【翻译】我今天所要谈及的因特网的主要缺点是网上有太多未经核准的信息，以及它正在改变人们使用时间的方式。.单句语法填空1He commanded that the students (should) leave (leave) the classroom after he returned.2My calculations were based on the assumption (assume) that house prices would remain steady.3I think it is possible for us to address (address) these trouble.4When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favour of younger men.5When he was to withdraw (withdraw) some money，he found that he forgot to take his bankbook.6When you hear a fire alarm，dont rush in alarm，you should keep calm.7He came home after midnight，and what was more，he was drunk，which made his parents very angry.8Without money，he has nothing to do but drop (drop) out of school.9I watched the way that her arms and legs moved and the funny movements made me laugh my head off.10I couldnt have won (win) the game without your advice.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1I have good command of English，making it possible for me to communicate freely with others.have后加a2The book he referred to being interesting.beingis3Alarming by the noise，the birds flew away.AlarmingAlarmed4I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turn for my parents.forto5The lazy boy is expecting a way in that he can get through the exams without hard work.去掉in或thatwhich.完成句子1Everyone was in favour of the plan except the new manager.除了新上任的经理，其他人都赞成这个计划。2He prefers to go online rather than go shopping with his wife.他宁可上网也不愿和他妻子去购物。3She offered me all the money at her command她把所有由她支配的钱全都交给我了。4A knee injury forced her to withdraw from the match膝盖受伤让她不得不退出比赛。5Without your instruction，I would not have made such great progress要是没有你的教导，我不会取得如此大的进步。