2019-2020同步译林英语选修七新突破讲义：Unit 4 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——短语动词 .doc

Section Grammar短语动词语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system.In 1884，the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up.When London was bombed，many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters.But you will have to fill in a form and then we will decide on the best way.We could split up into groups，and come at different times.I can call you back later.后自主感悟1.所有例句中黑体部分在句中作谓语；它们不是一个词单独作谓语而是由动词加一个介词或副词一起作谓语。2.例句、例句和例句中黑体部分的构成特点是它们都是由动词加介词构成的，相当于及物动词，可以直接带宾语。3.例句中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加副词构成的，其后不接宾语；若接宾语，需要加介词，如例句。4.例句中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加副词构成的，其后可以加宾语。宾语为代词时，必须放在动词与副词之间。 动词常与其他词类(多是介词和副词)搭配在一起，构成固定词组，称之为短语动词。一、短语动词常见的构成方式及特点1动词副词该类短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类。Please turn off every light in the house.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物)2动词介词 (及物)Taking enough exercise contributes to good health.进行足够的锻炼有助于身体健康。名师点津同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大差异。look after照料；look at看；look for寻找；look into调查。3动词副词介词I look forward to seeing you soon.我期望不久就能见到你。名师点津(1)及物动词短语后的宾语为名词时，副词放在宾语前后皆可。但如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。(2)如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。He gave the secret away.He gave away the secret.他泄露了秘密。The basket is very light.I can easily pick it up.篮子很轻，我可以容易地提起来。即时训练1用适当的介词或副词填空In no way can we give up halfway.How did it come about that he should be late for such an important meeting?He has already set up his own business and it gets along very well.Sorry，I have to look after my sick mother so Im afraid I cant go there with you.二、常见重点短语动词1以break为中心的短语动词break away from 脱离，逃离，甩掉break down 破坏，粉碎，瓦解；出故障，抛锚break into 闯入；强行进入break out 爆发，发生break through 突破break up 解散；结束2以bring为中心的短语动词bring about 导致，引起，促使bring back 带回；使回忆；使恢复bring down 使下降，降低；打倒bring out 使显出；使显现；出版；生产bring up 抚养，养育，培养bring in 赚得，挣；引入；收获(农作物等)3以call为中心的短语动词call for 需要，要求call in 召集call off 取消，停止进行call on 拜访(某人)，号召call out 大声喊，唤起call up 打电话给；使想起4以come为中心的短语动词come about 发生come across 偶然发现，遇到come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come to 苏醒；复原；共计；达到come up 走近；上楼；流行起来；发芽；上来；(问题)被提出come up with 提出；想出come out 出版；产生5以get为中心的短语动词get across 度过，通过，横过；说服；使被理解get along(with) (与)相处；进展get around 走动；传播；影响；说服get down to 认真对待，静下心来get off 送走；脱下(衣服)；下车；动身get over 恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get rid of 除去，去掉；免除；摆脱get hold of 抓住；把握；得到；联系get through 拨通；到达；完成；通过6以give为中心的短语动词give away 赠送；放弃；泄露；颁发give back 归还；反射give in 屈服，让步，投降give off 发出(烟，气味等)give out 分发，公布，发出；(使)筋疲力尽；用完give up 放弃；停止give way to 让步，退却；屈服于7以go为中心的短语动词go about 走来走去；(谣言等)流传go against 反对；不利于go ahead 前进，进展，继续go by 经过，过去go in for 喜欢；参加；赞成；从事go over 温习，检查go through 审查；履行；通过；经历；忍受go up 上升，上涨go without 无须，没有也行8以look为中心的短语动词look about 四下环顾；查看look around 东张西望，环视look back on/upon.回顾look down on/upon 俯视；轻视look forward to 盼望；期待look into 窥视；调查；浏览look on/upon 旁观；对待look on/upon.as.把看作look out 向外看；注意；当心，提防look over 从上面看过去；检查，忽略look through 透过看去；看穿；浏览，彻底调查look up 查阅；抬头看；好转look up to 仰望；尊敬即时训练2选词填空The sound of the happy laughter called up (call for/call up) memories of his childhood.Go over (go about/go over) your lessons again before the exam.A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to (get across to/get down to) the listeners what he means.Todays children are raised in a way that is totally different from how their parents were brought up (bring on/bring up).用适当的介词或副词填空1Make sure how many people are going to bring in the wheat tomorrow.2She was too fat to get through the door.3The old lady gave away most of her savings to help those poor children who couldnt go to school.4Itd be much better to put off the meeting till next week.5The government calls on everyone to protect our environment.6Though brought up in the countryside，he adapted to the city life quickly.7We have decided on the date and the place for travelling.8Kids are usually easily taken in，so we should take good care of them.完成句子1I cant buy anything，because my money has run out already什么也不能买了，因为我的钱已经用完了。2If you team up with your classmates，you will surely get the same work done far better.如果你跟同学合作的话，相同的工作你会做得好得多。3Sometimes drivers give him a tip，so that he has just enough money to live on有时司机们会给他小费，所以他刚好有足够的钱来维持生存。4The old worker put forward a very practical plan at the meeting yesterday，but it was turned down by the manager.那位老工人昨天在会上提出了一个非常实用的计划，但被经理拒绝了。5Generally speaking，students look up to the teachers who are knowledgeable and patient.一般来说，学生尊敬博学、耐心的老师。6It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of two missing children.据报道，警察很快就会调查两个失踪孩子的案件。7Society today offers the young generation more chances to show off their talent and skills.当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。8The election went against him at first，but he won at last.选举开始时对他不利，但最终他获胜了。9We had to break into the house as we had lost the key.因为我们弄丢了钥匙，所以不得不破门而入。10I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。