2022年高考英语语法精讲精练专题二代词 .pdf

学习必备欢迎下载专题二代词、数词和介词常考点近几年高考对代词的考查点仍集中在不定代词上，加大了对any，some ，all ，none，other ，another ，anything ，something ，everything等不定代词的考查，同时仍要注意掌握 it ，that ，one 以及替代词的用法。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其用法多而杂。要注意识别考纲中规定的介词及相关搭配的基本意义和用法。代词1anything ，something ，everything anything既可用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，意为“什么事情”，也可用于肯定句中，意为“任何事情”；something 常用于肯定句中，也可用于疑问句中，表示提出建议、征求意见等；everything意为“一切东西”，用于否定句中，表示部分否定，意为“不是一切” 。anything but 决不，一点不nothing but 只有if anything 如果有什么区别的话for nothing 免费；无结果or something 或是什么的something of 有些用 anything ，something 和 everything填空：Is there _ that belongs to you? I have _ important to tell you. In learning English，grammar is not _The car hit a tree or _【答案】 anythingsomethingeverythingsomething 2both ，all ， either，any，neither，none 都任何都不两者both either neither 三者或三者以上all any none 用 any, neither和 either填空：There are many trees on _ side of the street. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载He refused to accept _ of the three suggestions. _ of the two cars is mine. Mine is under repair. 【答案】 eitheranyNeither 3none，nothing ，nobody /no one none 既可指人，也可指物，表特指概念，相当于“no上文的人或物”；nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；nobody /no one只能指人，且表泛指概念。用 none，nothing和 nobody /no one填空：Grandmother asked for some coffee but there was _ at home. _ knows about it. _ of us knows about it. After the fire，there was _ left. 【答案】 noneNobody/No oneNonenothing4one，another ，the other，some，others ， the others 一个 / 一些另外一个 / 一些剩余的一个 / 一些单数one another the other 复数some others the others 用 another和 other 填空：He will stay here for _ three days. He will stay here for three _ days. He will drop in on us some _ day. He will drop in on us _ day. 【答案】 another ； other other ； another 5every ，each every 限定词三个或三个以上的每一个作定语each 限定词或代词两个或两个以上的每一个作主语、定语、宾语、同位语用 every 和 each 填空：_ of the tickets costs 10 dollars. Not _ man is honest. The Olympics are held _ four years. They _ have a book. 【答案】 Eacheveryeveryeach精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载数词1hundred ，thousand ，million，billion，score ，dozen 等数词前加具体数词，表达一个确定数字时，无论后面有没有of 都不加 s；在 hundred ，thousand ，score ，dozen 等数词后加 s，表示“数以计”。如：three hundred students，three hundred of the students ，hundreds of students。完成下列句子：It is reported that the floods have left about _(数以千计的 ) people homeless. I want to buy _(三打 ) the eggs. 【答案】 thousands ofthree dozen of2注意下面几组词的用法：基数词在another后或 more 的前面。如： another two bookstwo more books；in the fifties(在五十年代 ) 和 in ones fifties(在某人五十几岁的时候) ；a two week holidaya two weeks holiday(两个星期的假期) 。完成下列句子：He was already in _ fifties in _ fifties. After a long walk，we had _( 几分钟 ) rest. 【答案】 his ； the a few minutes3用序数词和基数词编号用序数词和基数词编号。如：the Fourth ActAct Four(第四幕 ) ；the Second World WarWorld War ( 第二次世界大战) 。完成下列句子：We will have a meeting in _(209房间 ) He was killed in _(第一次世界大战) 【答案】 Room 209World War I/the First World War4分数表达法当基数词 ( 表示分子 ) 大于 1(one) 时， 序数词 ( 表示分母 ) 要用复数。如：1/3 one/a third, 2/5 two fifths。另外还有下列构成法：1/2 a/one half，1/4 a quarter，3/4 three quarters 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载完成下列句子：From then on he toured_(四分之三的 )Beijing. _( 三分之二的 ) the teachers in our school are women. 【答案】 three quarters of/three fourths ofTwo thirds of 介词1against 的多种含义against(表反对，敌对) 意为“与相反，与对抗”；( 表反方向 ) 意为“与逆向”；( 表接触 ) 意为“与冲突；倚靠；碰；撞”；( 表对照 ) 意为“以为背景”；( 表防护 ) 意为“为防备”；( 表预备 ) 意为“防备”。判断下列句子中against的含义：( ) No one is against this plan.( ) The teachers desk is against the wall.( ) His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.( ) The evidence is against him.( ) They took measures against fire.( ) She fell down and hit her head against the ground. ( ) She swam against the tide.【答案】 反对靠着衬托对不利预防碰， 撞与逆向2across ，through ，throughout across意为“横过，穿过”，着重指从一条线或一物体表面的一边到另一边；含义与on 有关；through意为“穿过；从中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵向穿到另一头；含义与in 有关；throughout和 through表示时间、空间上的贯穿时两者用法相同，但throughout比through更具强调性。另外，through可意为“原因；手段”，through还可作副词，意为“彻头彻尾，自始至终”。用 across ， through和 throughout填空：They built a bridge _ the river. Walk _the park and the hotel is _ the street. The disease spread _ the country. 【答案】 acrossthrough ； across throughout/across精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载3between，among between 用于两者之间， 用于三个或三个以上的宾语时所强调的仍是其中每两者之间的相互关系；among用于三者或三者以上。用 between 和 among填空：This secret is only _ you and me. We will visit the town _ the mountains. If you want to lose weight，youd better not eat anything _ meals. 【答案】 betweenamongbetween4besides ，except ，except for，except that /when /where从句besides 意为“除了之外还有”，句中常有other ，another ， else ， more， also等词；此外， besides可用作副词；except意为“除了之外不再有”，句中常有all ，any，every ，no 等词；except for 意为“除了 ( 因为) ”，表示除去整体中的一部分，范畴不一致。当 except 用于句首时，后面往往要加上for ；except 后接 that 从句作宾语，表示时间用when，表示地点用where。用 besides ，except ，except for和 except that填空：I know nothing about the young lady _ she is from Beijing. I dont mind picking up your things from the store. _，the walk does me good. The car is nice _ the colour. We all went to the park _ Tom， who was ill in hospital. 【答案】 except thatBesidesexcept forexcept5时间介词in 和 after “in 时间段”表示将来；“after 时间段”表示过去， “after 时间点”表示将来。用 in 和 after填空：He will come back _ two days. He came back _ two days. He will come back _ two oclock. 【答案】 inafterafter精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载1. (2014 江苏卷 )Good families are much to all their members, but _ to none. A. something B. anyting C. everything D. nothing 2. (2014大纲卷 )September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill. A. by B. for C. with D. in 3. (2014大纲卷 ) What did you do last weekend? Nothing _A. much B. else C. ever D. yet 4. (2014浙江卷 )People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying _ expression. A. from B. over C. with D. for 5. (2014江西卷 )It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth. A. without B. despite C. in D. to 6. (2013 陕西卷 )Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years ，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life. A. some B. neither C. none D. all 7. (2013辽宁卷 )To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues. A. that B. one C. ones D. those 8. (2013 安 徽 卷 )This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together. A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything 9. (2012 北京卷 )Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulder? A. at B. on C. to D. across 10. (2012浙江卷 )Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds. A. those B. ones C. any D. all 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. A 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载1. I havent read _ of her novels ， but judging from the one I have read ，I think shes a promising writer. A. both B. any C. none D. either 2. Can you come on Friday or Saturday? Im afraid _ day is possible. I am leaving for Dalian on business. A. either B. any C. none D. neither 3. If one side refuses to give in to _， the trade talk between the countries is likely to break down. A. another B. other C. the other D. one another 4. _ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. A. Such B. This C. That D. So 5. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England. A. which B. what C. that D. the one 6. The earthquake and the suffering _ has caused will affect us greatly for a long time. A. that B. it C. which D. what 7. We already have _ pencils，but we need two _ pens. A. dozen of；dozen B. dozens of；dozens C. dozens of；dozen D. dozens of；dozen of 8. Are you cleaning my room? I cant help_. I cant bear seeing peoples room in a mess! A. it B. this C. anything D. so 9. His advertisement income this year is about $36 million， over three times _ of last year. A. that B. what C. those D. ones 10. Excuse me，but have you ever seen my book? Sorry ，I am not sure. A person just took a book away，but I dont know _A. whose B. which C. what D. where 11. Its said that it will be extremely cold this winter. _， the majority of the experts predict that the temperature will be normal. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. As a result D. Whats more 12. In America ，its a mistake to think of Florida only as the place for vacation 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载_ its tourist attractions. A. in honour of B. in terms of C. in the name of D. in the eyes of 13. Its almost time for the flight. Get _ the plane please. OK ，see you! Take care! A. around B. abroad C. aboard D. board 14. Do you expect _ to be any possibility that he will be elected chairman? A. it B. that C. one D. there 15. _ two exams to worry about ，I have to work really hard this weekend. A. Besides B. Because of C. With D. As for 16. Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problems. A. in B. to C. on D. after 17. Eventually，the President had to leave office _ public pressure in order to ease the tension of the situation. A. in favour of B. in response to C. in return for D. in honour of 18. The sports meet，originally _ be held last Friday ，was finally delayed because of the bad weather. A. due to B. thanks to C. owing to D. according to 19. Mike was on the spot when the traffic accident happened， so he had no difficulty in describing it _A. at last B. at most C. at stake D. at length 20. Stevens exam results put him _ the top ten students in his grade. A. among B. between C. in D. at 21. Excuse me, where can I get _ application form? Go to _ Window 10, please. A. an; / B. an; the C. /; / D. the; the 22. Home milk delivery has almost disappeared in China now, and gone with _ are milkmen. A. which B. it C. what D. them 23. The previous lecture focused on the reading problems in new words, while this lecture will turn to _ in complex sentence structures. A. that B. one C. those D. ones 24. I turned to bookstores and libraries seeking information about the book 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载mentioned in his lecture, but found _A. no one B. none C. nothing D. anything 25. What about the monthly test? Is it easy? Yes, but I dont think _ can pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody 26. While travelling, Peter never enjoys visiting large cities because he thinks one city is much like _A. the other B. another C. the others D. others 27. How did you find your bike, Lily? I found it _ a notice in the newspaper. A. in exchange for B. by means of C. in place of D. with regard to 28. Can I have your business number? You can call me, free of charge, _ 66887790. A. at B. by C. with D. for 29. His best known work that is _ all praise can be seen in the museum. A. with B. beyond C. without D. within 30. When the girl first arrived at the school, she wondered what the future might have _ ， but now all the worries are gone. A. in order B. in place C. in store D. in preparation 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. C 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页