初中英语定语从句总结ppt课件.ppt

概念概念:用句子修饰名词或代词用句子修饰名词或代词 的句子的句子. (Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl, 叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Everything was true.we saw in this film was true. 合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Everything that we saw in this film was true. 先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系关系代词代词关系副词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when，why二、用法二、用法: :These are the trees which / that were planted last year.先先行行词词是是人人关系代词关系代词: who whom whose that which先行词是先行词是物物These are the students who / that won the first place last year.Have a try填写并指填写并指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl _ I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child _ parents are dead is called Tom. ( )4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday. ( ) 主语主语宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指人指人whothatwhomthatwhose（of whom）指物指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(of which)指人和物指人和物thatthatwhose1.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词如何选用定语从句的关系词如何选用定语从句的关系词 1.首先分清主句和定语从句首先分清主句和定语从句 2.确定定语从句的先行词确定定语从句的先行词 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）宾语，定语或状语） 4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定主语、宾语或定语语则选择则选择关系代词关系代词，若在从句中做，若在从句中做状语状语，则选择则选择关系副词关系副词。1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别用法区别. who, 指人，指人，作作定语从句的定语从句的主语主语或或宾宾语语.（可以省略）（可以省略） The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语 whom，指人，指人， 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman （whom） they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语 that，指人或物，指人或物， 可以作定语从句可以作定语从句的的主语主语和和宾语宾语. The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.可省略可省略 The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略 指物，只用指物，只用 which 指人指人, ,只用只用whomIs this the library from which you borrow books?Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语，定语，修饰人或物修饰人或物. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语2. which, that ，指物，指物which 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.This is a truck which / that is made in China.作主语作主语作宾语作宾语可省略可省略3. 只能用只能用that的情况的情况 序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等等不定代词不定代词作先行作先行词时词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true. 先行词被先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that you lend me. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him. 主句已有主句已有who或或which时时Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday. 当先行词同时指当先行词同时指人人和和物物时时Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.Fill in the blanks:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.thatthatthat/that/thatthatthat1.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前介词提前) .指指人只用人只用whom, 指物只用指物只用whichThis is the boy with whom he talked. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.只能用只能用which的情况的情况 1、非限制性定语从句中。 eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 eg. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.由由Who Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father? A. whose B. who C. which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One. A. when B. which C. who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. A. who B. which C. whom4. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom5. The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. what C. which6. The teacher for _ you are waiting has come. A. who B. whom C. that由由Whom Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whom7. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan（孤儿）（孤儿）. A. which B. his C. whose 8. This book is for the students _ native(本国的本国的) language is not English. A. that B. of whom C. whose 9. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that由由Whose Whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句, , 在句中做定语在句中做定语10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south. A. who is grown B. which is grown C. when is grown11、 The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found. A. which B. who C. what 12、The room in _ there are many books is mine. A. that B. who C. which13、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. A. which B. who C. when由由Which Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whichthat14. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. which B. that C. what15. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. that先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用只能用that引导引导16. Its the most boring film _ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whose17. This is the first car _ arrived this morning. A. which B. who C. that 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时饰时只能用只能用that引导引导18. I know all people _ are from that village. A. who B. that C. whose19. There is no water _ is needed badly. A. which B. who C. that20. Please take any seat _ is free. A. which B. that C. in which先行词被先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导21. That is the very book _ I was looking for. A. who B. that C. which22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _ he owns. A. who B. that C. which先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then. A. who B. that C. which先行词被既有人又有物时先行词被既有人又有物时只能用只能用that引导引导24. Who is the worker _ took some pictures of the factory. A. who B. that C. which主句已有主句已有who或或which时时,只能用只能用that 引导引导1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. I like the music that I can sing along with.4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师. The woman who lives next door is a teacher.1.He is the very person _ I like.A.it B. which C. this D. that2.This is the first place _ we visited last year.B.which B. what C. that D. where3.Money is not the only thing _ is missing.C.which B. that C. who D. whose4.This is _ I wanted. A. the one B. what C. the one that D. all the above5. A clock is that _ tells us time. A. that B. which C. it D. who6.Who is the teacher _ is working in the office? A. who B. that C. whom D. which7.I like things and persons _ are interesting. A. who B. that C. which D. whomDCBDBBB 在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1 1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此，句中充当一个成分，因此， 要正确判断关系代词在从要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2 2 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用当先行词指人时，关系代词可用whowho（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），thatthat（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），whomwhom（作宾语），（作宾语），whosewhose（作（作定语）定语）3 3 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用当先行词指物时，关系代词可用thatthat（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），whichwhich（做主语，宾语）（做主语，宾语）4 4 在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whomwhom，指物时，介词后只用指物时，介词后只用whichwhich。5 5 在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用whowho，指物时，指物时，只用只用whichwhich。关系副词关系副词When=on(in,during)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which2.引导定语从句的关系副词引导定语从句的关系副词whenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+ + 关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichwherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词+ + 关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which=关系副词（关系副词（when, where, why.“介词关系代词”即“介词which”引导定语从句应注意：A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby whichwhywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+ for+ 关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.for which= Exercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthatFill in the blanks.1. I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.3. The factory _ we will visit is large.4. The factory _ his father works is large.5. Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.6. This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwhere/in whichwhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳归纳:关系副词关系副词when指时间指时间,关系副词关系副词where指地点指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.1.Ill remember the day _ I spent with my friend.2.Ill remember the day _ I was born.3. Ill remember the day _ is special to me.4.This is the place _is quiet and beautiful.5.This is the place _I like very much.6. This is the place _ I worked for one year.7. Thats the reason _he told us.8. Thats the reason _ he came late for class.用正确的关系词填空。用正确的关系词填空。that / which/ on which/ whenthat / whichthat / whichthat / which/ in which/ wherethat / which/ for which/ why汉译英 1.我记得我出生的日子。 2.这是我以前居住的房间。 3.这就是我迟到的原因。1.Ill remember the day when/on which I was bornThis is the room where/in which I lived beforeThats the reason why / for which he came late for classCorrections:1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher. who2. Who is the man that you just shook hands with him. 3. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.( where which) 4. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.( which that) 5. The house where we live in is not very large.( where which/that) 6. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake. 1. That book that you want it is on the desk. 归纳 1定语从句要避免成分重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词