完形填空解题技巧ppt课件.pptx

年年 份份体体 裁裁题题 材材作者学习美式手语的经历作者学习美式手语的经历及感受及感受。运输司机冒险救援事故车运输司机冒险救援事故车辆。辆。2017 记叙文记叙文2016 记叙文记叙文2015 记叙文记叙文（夹叙夹议）（夹叙夹议） 奉献爱心，助人为乐。（赠人玫瑰，手留余香）【近三年全国卷体裁题材特点近三年全国卷体裁题材特点】技巧点拨技巧点拨1. 注意注意上下文语境上下文语境（context) 词汇复现、同现词汇复现、同现2.运用运用词义辨析词义辨析 （comparison）3.掌握掌握习惯搭配习惯搭配（phrases & idioms）4.掌握掌握熟词生义熟词生义 （new meanings）4.了解了解背景常识背景常识（common sense）5. 运用运用语法分析语法分析（grammar analysis) 1、跳读、跳读领会大意（领会大意（23分钟分钟） 速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。完形填空解题三部曲完形填空解题三部曲:跳读跳读-试填试填-复核复核 词汇题词汇题1.复现复现 同现同现词语复现词语复现 词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现式在同一篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的，词语复现又可分为原关系达到相互衔接的目的，词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）、同义词复现、同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）、同义或近义词复现（包括与近义词的同根词复现，如或近义词复现（包括与近义词的同根词复现，如ill与与sickness）、上下义词复现（即总括与分述，）、上下义词复现（即总括与分述，如如food是是bread、milk、rice等的上义词；等的上义词；r是是flower 的下义词）等。的下义词）等。1.( 2017全国卷全国卷I) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. After that, feeling the need to_52_ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 原词原词,同根词重现同根词重现. 2. ( 2015全国卷全国卷I) Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a _47_. I thought about it. We were _48(low)_ on cash ourselves, but When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _54(whatever)_ his family might need, he burst into tears.47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card the gift card原词重现原词重现3.(广东卷)there are many ways to prevent this from happening:hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothers were just two of the recommended _27_.A. cases B.tools C.steps D.methods解析解析:methods与前文中的与前文中的ways同义词复现同义词复现4. (2017全国卷全国卷II) I had advised the kids that while verbs may be dull, most of the _50_things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. 50.A.simple B.unique C.fun D.clever 解析解析:fun与与 dull为反义词复现为反义词复现5.(2011四川卷四川卷)We fell in love. In the beginning , I didnt want to discuss _, because the sadness of losing Mum still felt great. Paul understood that and never pushed me but, by summer, we got married.A.travel B.business C.children D.marriage解析：解析：marriage与文中的与文中的 married 属同根属同根词复现词复现。6.(湖北卷)he taught her how to rely on her other _,specially her hearing.A.feeling B.organs C.skills D.senses解析解析:senses为为hearing的上义词复现的上义词复现7.7.I did very badly at school. My headteacher thought I was _ and when I was 14 he said , “You are never going to be anything but a failure.”A.bright B.useless C.simple D.hopefulB利用首句信息利用首句信息8.The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back door, students who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on _.A. sooner B.later C.faster D.earlierB 词语同现。词语同现。词语同现：词语同现：某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的性，叫词语同现，也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等。如：different vs same, cruel vs friendly, death&destruction9.These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows and pale A. sick B. slim C. short D. smallA解析：与解析：与pale 同现的单词，应该是同现的单词，应该是sick。10.On_ days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy解析解析:与与heavy clothes 和和 woolen gloves 同现同现的应该是的应该是snowy days。D 2.词义辨析词义辨析1.( 2017全国卷全国卷I) I watched as the ASL Club _47_their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very _48_of communicating without speaking_49_ me.47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted解析：根据句中的关键词watch可知，作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演(perform) 。record 记录; recite背诵; discuss讨论.48 题和49题手部动作和无须用语言交流的想法（idea）吸引（attract）了我。2. I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. 1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired 解析：解析：在把握上文在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知答案为的情况下，可知答案为D. tired，即当我到达三楼，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；时，已经很累了；3.( 2017全国卷全国卷II) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day 27kids_ “The Thinking Laboratory.A. built B. entered C. decorated D.ran解析：根据上文一句，作者在一所小学教学，孩子门当然是每天进入（enter）思想实验室了。built 建造; decorate 装饰； run跑步，经营4.(2014全国卷全国卷I）My wheelchair experiment was soon 54 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the 55 (challenges) , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome. 54. A. forgotten B. repeated C. conducted D. finished语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析3.习惯用法和习惯用法和固定搭配固定搭配2. (2014全国全国I) For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. 43. A. workingB. livingC. playing D. going语境语境-固定搭配固定搭配play with(toys)24 3.(2012全国新课标) Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 36 than words 36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. furtherAction speaks louder than words. 习语谚语习语谚语:事实胜于雄辩事实胜于雄辩4.熟词生义熟词生义4.Today I decided to look up the word “hero” in the dictionary to see exactly what it meant. It_ “a person who does something brave”. As I read on, it also said “a person who is good and noble” A.wrote B.told C.described D.readread vt.(指示牌等指示牌等)写着，（仪器等）显示写着，（仪器等）显示4.生活常识和生活常识和文化背景文化背景 1.（2013全国卷I） As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42（locked） . 41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight 生活常识生活常识常识、背景知识常识、背景知识2. Born in America , I spoke English not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three , my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pushed them 37 (aside ) , 36. A. custom B. games C .characters D. language 3： It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1 . This was the beginning of another 2 day in New York City.1. A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices2. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary解析：按生活经验，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗解析：按生活经验，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答题答案是案是D. ordinary。A. jobs D. ordinary4. When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious_13(burn)_ after a bowl of hot oil fell on my head. I was _14_ to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors _15_for my life.14.A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced15.A. learned B. fought C. returned D.decided解析：根据背景常识，在孩子受伤后，肯定会被快速送往医院。rush 急忙地送（。到某地）。急诊病人被送医院后，医生定会竭尽全力抢救。fight 为而战，为而努力争取。1.1.语法手段语法手段2.2.逻辑手段逻辑手段句际关系句际关系1.1.语法手段语法手段（2015全国卷全国卷I） When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _54_ his family might need, he burst into tears. 54A. whoeverB. whatever C. whicheverD. whenever语法语法-连接代词连接代词 逻辑手段逻辑手段2.2.逻辑手段逻辑手段让步关系让步关系转折关系转折关系因果关系因果关系解释关系解释关系顺序关系顺序关系并列关系并列关系识别语篇标志识别语篇标志,理清逻辑关系理清逻辑关系语篇关系是指句群语篇关系是指句群,段落段落,篇章之间的关系篇章之间的关系。联系联系他们之间的词语被称为语篇标志词他们之间的词语被称为语篇标志词。常见的语篇标志性的词语有以下几种常见的语篇标志性的词语有以下几种:顺序关系顺序关系:firstly,secondly,thirdly等等;因果关系因果关系:thus,therefore,so等等;递进关系递进关系:besides,whats more,further等等;转折关系转折关系:but,while,yet,however等等 做完型时做完型时,如果能充分利用这些标志性词语如果能充分利用这些标志性词语,就就能迅速理请文章的脉络能迅速理请文章的脉络,弄清上下文关系弄清上下文关系。1. (2017全国卷I) Yet instead of being discouraged by my _progress, I excited.A. slow B.stead C.normal D.obvious转折关系转折关系 2. Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37(special) . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise转折关系转折关系3.（2013全国卷全国卷I） My hands started to ache as I 51 (turned) the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 (direction) of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) 53 task.53. A. easy B. heavy C. major D. extra因果关系因果关系 4.(2014全国卷I) The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones 47 （passing） interest. 46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collectedD. half-filled 同类并列关系同类并列关系 5. First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally顺序关系顺序关系 失分原因失分原因: : know whyknow why出错主要原因有两类：一是：基础知识不牢，词汇障碍严重。二是文章整体阅读能力低。因此完形填空的训练重在落实，体现在：全篇主要意思是否明白；重要动词（或短语）是否会用；中西文化背景是否清楚；语境中词语筛选是否合理；是否根据常识进行推理；惯用法及搭配是否恰当；是否纠正了平时的习惯错误。如何提高能力技巧如何提高能力技巧一、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）二、打好语法基础 （固定搭配）三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好五、多做多练，以提高实战能力复习备考复习备考首先要熟练地掌握学过的全部语法知识，牢首先要熟练地掌握学过的全部语法知识，牢记习惯用法。记习惯用法。特别是动词短语；注意对动词、名词、形容特别是动词短语；注意对动词、名词、形容词、副词等词汇意义的真正理解，要懂得词词、副词等词汇意义的真正理解，要懂得词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬及一定的修辞色彩。汇的内涵、外延、褒贬及一定的修辞色彩。注意它们的同义词、近义词、反义词及其辨注意它们的同义词、近义词、反义词及其辨析。析。其次要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，其次要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，多阅读一些短文，增强英文阅读能力，提高多阅读一些短文，增强英文阅读能力，提高理解能力理解能力 【真题演练真题演练 】新课标新课标20152015全国卷全国卷I I解题三部曲：读解题三部曲：读-填填-读读 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 41 my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a 42 like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind.In the store, I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend” there would 46. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. 41. A. Quit B. Changed C. Lost D. Finished42. A. condition B. place C. sight D. show43. A. suggestion B.comment C. decision D. call44. A. by B. proudly C. outside D. angrily45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick46. A. appreciate B. supply C. order D. discover语境、语境、词义词义上下文上下文Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47. I thought about it. We were 48 on cash ourselves, butwell, sometimes 49 from our need instead of our abundance is 50 what we need to do! All the kids 51 something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of 52, he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 54 his family might need, he burst into tears.47. A. dollar B. jobC. hot meal D. gift card48. A. easyB. lowC. soft D. loose49. A. giving B. savingC. spending D. begging50. A. yetB. evenC. still D. just51. A. declared B. sharedC. ignoredD. expected52. A. foodB. medicineC. toysD. clothes53. A. sleepy B. wateryC. curious D. sharp54. A. whoeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever 原词重现原词重现上下文上下文语法语法语境、词义语境、词义词义词义辨析辨析This has been a wonderful 55 for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can 56 ! Things would have played out so 57 if I had simply said, “No, we really dont have 58 to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59, it also gave my kids the 60 taste of helping others. Itll go a long way with them.55. A. message B. exampleC. experience D. adventure56. A. rely on B. respectC. learn from D. help57. A. suddenly B. vividlyC. differently D. perfectly58. A. time B. powerC. patience D. money59. A. need B. loveC. fear D. memory60. A. strong B. sweetC. strange D. simple语境、词义语境、词义