中考英语语法复习之名词ppt课件.ppt

2012年中考年中考英语语法复习英语语法复习名名 词词林州市横水四中 郭万周 名词表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。名词的定义和分类名词的定义和分类 名词的种类名词的种类专有名词：普通名词：可数：不可数：个体名词 nurse, house, horse, apple, pen集体名词 people, family, class, trousers物质名词： water, paper, air, milk抽象名词： work, housework, homework, information, news, weather专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名个字母要大写，人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。如：称等等都是属于专有名词。如：Yao Ming姚明；姚明； China中中国；国；March三月；三月；Christmas圣诞节等。圣诞节等。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目计物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，为不可数名词。算，为不可数名词。 不可数名词前不能不可数名词前不能加冠词加冠词a 或或an来表示量，来表示量， 也没有复数形也没有复数形式。式。名词的单数形式 一般可用a来修饰 a car a book a university a tree a hospital a tiger在元音发音开头的单词前用 an an elephant an apple an eraser an hour an honest boy an interesting book.请注意：a useful machine an unusual thing名词的复数形式名词的复数形式1.复数形式的构成方法 (1) 一般在复数名词后加“s” dog dogs book books (2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es” box boxes watch watches (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” country countries factory factories 如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s” boy boys monkey monkeys (4)以o结尾的名词加“s” radio radios zoo zoos 只有 potato, tomato和hero 加“es”构成复数 potato potatoes tomato tomatoes (5)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” half halves shelf shelves knife knives leaf leaves (6)可数名词的不规则变化。如：manmen womanwomen toothteeth footfeet childchildren FrenchmanFrenchmen(7)单复数形式相同的名词：如：sheepsheep fishfish; ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese (8)有些名词无单数形式。如：people(作“人们”解时) police clothes.(9)pants, shorts, glasses (眼镜)只用复数形式。(10)由man, woman 构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man, woman都变成复数。如：man drivermen drivers woman teacherwomen teachers但其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：a banana treebanana trees a shoe factoryshoe factories不可数名词不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词 如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。另外还有：work time musicmoney weather homeworkwood Informationnewsmedicine工作时间 音乐钱天气家庭作业木头、木材 消息/信息新闻药 1.不可数名词无复数形式，作主语时常看成单数单数 盘子里有一些面包。 There is some bread on the plate. 没有消息就是好消息。 No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词 他每天花很多时间玩电脑游戏。 He spends much time in playing computer games every day. 迈克在家几乎不做家务。 Mike does little housework at home. Mike hardly does the housework at home. 3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数There is a piece of paper in the book.We want three glasses of orange.注意：可数名词也可用量来表示， of后用复数There are two bags of eggs in the basket.Kate is going to buy five boxes of apples.桌子上有一张纸。桌子上有一张纸。我们想要三杯橙汁。我们想要三杯橙汁。篮子里有两袋鸡蛋。篮子里有两袋鸡蛋。凯特打算买五箱苹果。凯特打算买五箱苹果。玻璃玻璃玻璃杯玻璃杯纸报纸工作著作空间房间 (2) fruit(水果) fruits (各种水果) fish(鱼) fishes(各种鱼) time(时间) times(时代)名词的一般用法-名词做定语名词做定语1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 I planted two apple trees yesterday. There are three mango trees in front of the building.2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致 This primary school needs a man teacher. There are over eighty women teachers in our school.昨天我种了两棵苹果树。昨天我种了两棵苹果树。楼房前面有三棵芒果树。楼房前面有三棵芒果树。这间小学需要一位男老师。这间小学需要一位男老师。在我们学校有八十多位女教师。在我们学校有八十多位女教师。3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式In our school, there will be a sports meeting next month. I bought a T-shirt at that clothes shop4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时， 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接Mr. Wang has an eleven-year-old son.我们学校下个月有一个运动会。我们学校下个月有一个运动会。我在那间服装店买了一件我在那间服装店买了一件T恤衫。恤衫。王先生有一人王先生有一人11岁大的儿子。岁大的儿子。名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。这附近她的家是一个大家庭。Her family is a large one in our neighborhood.安的家人都是老师。Anns family are all teachers.桌上有一副眼镜There is a pair of glasses on the desk.名词的所有格：名词的所有格：(1)单数名词的所有格只需在词后加s。如：This is my brothers bike.(2)以s结尾的复数名词的所有格只需在词后加。如：These should be the boys sports uniforms.Mike is at the teachers office now.(3)某物为两个名词共有时，所有格形式应在第二个名词后加s。如：Nick and Dicks father is an engineer.这是我哥哥的自行车。这是我哥哥的自行车。这些应当是男孩子们的运动服。这些应当是男孩子们的运动服。迈克现在在教师办公室。迈克现在在教师办公室。尼克和迪克的爸爸是一个工程师。尼克和迪克的爸爸是一个工程师。(4)表示两个名词各自拥有的东西，其所有格形式应在两个名词后都加s。如：Nicks and Dicks fathers are both engineers.(5)在表示“店铺，某某家，诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。如：at the doctors at the barkers(6)用所有格表示时间或距离的方法。ten minutes walk 走路十分钟 a months holiday 一个月的假期尼克和迪克的爸爸都是工程师。尼克和迪克的爸爸都是工程师。注意比较：注意比较：Its a ten-minute walk from here to the park。They will have a one-month holiday.从这里到公园走路是从这里到公园走路是10分钟。分钟。他们将有一个月长的假期。他们将有一个月长的假期。(8)用所有格表示节日的方法：Teachers Day; Childrens Day.需要注意的是除了父亲节和母亲节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示，因为爸爸妈妈每个人就只有一个所以不用复数。如：Mothers Day Fathers Day(9)以of构成的短语的所有格形式。如：a picture of mine a photo of my family the door of the classroom (10)另注意：the key to the door门的钥匙the answer to the question 问题的答案the ticket to the match 比赛的门票 bird- lady orange- ruler- cat- boy- girl case- wife- watch tree- key- question friend photo- card- family- dictionarybirdsladiesorangesrulerscatsboysgirlscaseswiveswatchestreeskeysquestionsfriendsfamiliesdictionariesphotoscards(1)How many _ do you want? A kilo, please. A. bananas B. meat C. bread D. milk(2)Taking a walk in the evening is a good _. So it is, it keep us healthy. A. rule B. hobby C. habit D. favor(3)These people are from _. They are _. A. Germany; Germen B. German; Germany C. Germany; GermaniesD. Germany; Germans(4)Would you pass me _? I want to write a letter. A. a paper B. a piece of paper C. two paper D. two piece of paperACDBChoose the best answers.(5) _ mothers both work in this hospital. A. Jim and BillsB. Jims and Bills C. Jim and Bill D. Jims and Bill(6) In China, September 10th is _. A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day(7) Excuse me, where is the_？ A. mens restroom B. mens restroom C. mens restrooms D. men restrooms(8) The post office is a little far from here. Its about_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk(9) Miss Yan is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothersBDACA