2022年祈使句的直接引语变间接引语.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载祈使句的直接引语变间接引语在第一单元中我们学习了陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语的用法,本期主要讲解祈使句的直接引语变间接引语的用法；先看两个句子：1. “ Put your coat in the closet,” the landlord said to him. The landlord asked him to put his coat in the closet. 2. The father said to his children,“ Don't move. ” The father told his children not to move. 从以上两个句子可以看出：例句 1 是表示“ 恳求” 的口气；例句 2 是表示“ 命令” 的口气；由此看来, 当我们转述祈使句时, 通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式,并在不定式的前面加上 ask, order, tell 等转述动词,形成三种结构：表示邀请、恳求某人做某事时用 ask sb. to do sth.; 表示叫、嘱咐某人做某事时用 tell sb. to do sth.; 表示命令某人做某事时用 order sb. not to do sth. ；例如：She said to us, “ Please have a rest.”She asked us to have a rest. The old man said, “ Don't smoke in the hall.” The old man told me not to smoke in the hall. The officer said, “ Go away.”The officer ordered us to go away. 留意：当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时,由于祈使句表示“ 恳求” 、“ 命令” 等口气,所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化；但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等的变化仍应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的转变；例如：One of the doctors said, “ Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Bethune.” One of the doctors asked Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation. 不知道同学们留意到没有,该句直接引语中有个称呼语 Dr. Bethune,一般把它当作宾语用；再如：“ Go and wash your face, Tom,” Mother said.Mother told Tom to go and wash his face. 顺便提一下,祈使句的间接引语变直接引语也应当遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法；例如：Wei Fang asked him to give it to her. “ Give it to me, please,” Wei Fang said to him. 只要同学们仔细记住以上三种祈使句直接引语变间接引语的基本结构,信任同学们肯定能学会祈使句的直接引语变间接引语；小试牛刀： A 变以下直接引语为间接引语；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. “ Stop talking.学习好资料欢迎下载” the monitor said to the class. _ _ 2. “ Repeat it three times,” the teacher said to her. _ _ 3. “ Will you buy some bread for me.” he said to her. _ _ 4. “ Don't take off your coat,” she said to her sister. _ _ 5. “ Stay here. ” the officer said to the soldier. _ _ B填空完成间接引语,每空一词；6. “ Don't forget to give the message to my wife,” he said to Li Ping. He _ Li Ping _ _ forget to give the message to _ wife. 7. “ Mum, please help me find my shirt,” he said. He _ his mother _ help _ find _ shirt. 8. “ Use your knife to cut the boots open,” the officer said to the guard. The officer _ the guard _ _ _ knife to cut the boots open. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载 me. 9. “ Don't spend too much time on football.” Mother said to Mother _ me _ _ _ too much time on football. 10. “ Will you sleep and get up early, children.” Father said. Father _ the children _ _ and _ up early. C单项挑选；11. “ Don't worry about me,” she _ her sister. A. said to B. referred to C. thanked to D. spoke 12. “ _help me with my English.” she said. A. Shall we B. Do you C. Could you D. Might you 13. She told me _ a noise in the hall. A. don't make B. not to make C. make not to D. to make not 14. Martin _ his dog to lie down under the big tree. A. made B. had C. promised D. ordered 15. His father asked the boy, “ _are doing this for.” A. What; you B. Which; you C. Where; we D. Why; we Key: A 1. The monitor told the class to stop talking. 2. The teacher asked her to repeat it three times. 3. He asked her to buy some bread for him. 4. She asked her sister not to take off her coat. 5. The officer ordered the soldier to stay there. B 6. told; not to; his 7. asked; to; him; his 8. ordered; to use his 9. told; not to spend 10. asked; to sleep; get C11 15 ACBDA DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH 直接引语与间接引语（1）引述别人的原话称为直接引语,用自己的话转述别人的话,称为间接引语；它们都是复合句中的宾语从句；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载直接引语要放在引号内,不用连词连接； 间接引语不用引号,通常用连词连接于主句；转换时应留意：A引用的原话是陈述句,改为间接引语时,通常用连词that 引导宾语从句,仍要依据意思适当转变人称,时态以准时间状语,地点状语等；当主语的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中的动词时态不变；当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,就宾语从句中的动词时态应作相应的转变；时态的转变时态的转变直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时can ,may ,must could, might, had to 动词,指示代词,状语的转变（略）（2）引述的是疑问句时,变为间接引语时,一般疑问句用 whether 或 if 来引导,挑选疑问句只能用 whether,特别疑问句用原先的疑问词；不论一般或特别疑问句,变间接引语时,通常按原陈述句的语序,即把动词放在主语的后面；“ Are you feeling better today.” the doctor asked my sister. The doctor asked my sisterif she was feeling better that day. “Is this book yours or his.” She asked me.She asked me whether that book was mine or his.只能用 whether 3He asked me ,“ Why didn t you come here yesterday.”He asked me why I hadnt gone there the day before.引用的原句假如是祈使句,变为间接引语时,句字的谓语动词要用含有祈使意义的动词如 tell,ask,order 命令 ；引语的动词要改为不定式 ；假如祈使句是否定形式,在动词不定式前加 not. He said to me,“ Tell me something about the film.”He asked me to tell him something about the film. The teacher said to the students,“ Dont open your books.”The teacher told the students not to open their books. Exercises 1.Paul said,“ It is high time we left the place.”2.He said,“ If what you said is true I must go to the police.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3.学习好资料欢迎下载He said,“ After the lecture I had to rush home.”4.Mary said, “ When I saw them last they wer e listening to the recording.”5.“ I am starting the work the day after tomorrow,” Mike said.6. 1. 1）当直接引语是陈述句时,间接引语通常用 that 引导, that 也可以省略；当直接引语是一般疑问句时, 间接引语要用 if 或 whether 引导, 且疑问语序要变成陈述语序；当直接引语为特别疑问句时,间接引语要用特别疑问词引导,且疑问语序要变成陈述语序；2 如主句是过去时态,就间接引语也要是过去时态；3 要依据实际情形将人称作相应的转变；如：He said, “ I am a teacher.” 直接引语 He said that he was a teacher. 间接引语 He asked me, “ Are you a teacher.” 直接引语 He asked me if / whether I was a teacher. 间接引语 He asked me, “ What are you doing.” 直接引语 He asked me what I was doing. 间接引语 一、如何变人称：同学在将直接引语变间接引语时；常常弄不清人称变化；下面有一句顺口溜“ 一随主；二随宾,第三人称不更新” ；“ 一随主” 是指在直接引语变间接引语时,假如从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰；从句中的人称要依据主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "She said her brother wanted to go with her. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - “ 二随宾”学习好资料欢迎下载或被其次人你是指直接引语变间接引语时,如从句中的主语及宾语是其次人称；所修饰； 从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一样；假如引号外的主句没有宾语；也可以用第一人称,如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now." He asked Kate how her sister was then；“ 第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时；假如从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said； "Jack is a good worker ；" Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker ；二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整；现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时就保留原先的时态；如：1She said. "I have lost a pen."She said she had lost a pen 2She said. "We hope so." She said they hoped so. 3 She said. "He will go to see his friend ； "She said he would go to see his friend ；但要留意在以下几种情形下；在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化；直接引语是客观真理；"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves aroundthe earth；直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变；如：Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street."Jack asked Johnwhere he was going when he met him in the street；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载直接引语中有详细的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变；如：Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980；" Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980；直接引语假如是一般现在时；表示一种反复显现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语, 时态不变；如：He said, "I get up at six every morning ； " He said he gets up at six every morning ；假如直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to, had better, used to和已经是过去时的形式时,（例：could, should, would, might ）不再变；如：Peter said. "You had better come have today；" Peter said I had better go there that day；三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规津,时间状语由“ 现在” 改为“ 原先” （例：now 变为 then, yesterday；变为the day before）地点状语,特别表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“ 此” 改为“ 彼” （例：this 改为 that,如：He said, "These books are mine." He said those books were his. 四、如何变句型：直接引语假如是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that 引导的宾语从句；如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes." She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语假如是反意疑问句,挑选疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由 whether 或 if引导的宾语从句 .如： He said, "Can you swim, John." He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, havent you." my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载"Do you go to school by bus or by bike." He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语假如是特别问句,间接引语应当改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必需用陈述句语序）；She asked me, "When do they have their dinner." She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语假如是祈使句,间接引语应改为 型；如："tellask, order, beg 等 sb not to do sth."句"Don t make any noise," she said to the children. She told ordered the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语假如是以“Lets” 开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）；” 如：He said, "Let s go to the film." He suggested going to the film. 或 He suggested that they should go to see the film. 先看 Unit 1 Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech 中的两个句子 : 1“ I like reading adventure stories, ”said John. 变为：John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2“ How can you do that.”Mary said to Ann. 变为：Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 以上这两个句子是陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语的例子；那么,同学们应当怎样把直接引语变为间接引语呢？下面就陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语进行简要讲解；由于直接引语变为间接引语是转述他人所说的话,所以主句的动词、从句的人称、从句动词的时态、时间状语等要依据实际情形进行相应的变化；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载一、主句动词的变化一般说来,主句谓语动词常为 said 或 said to,变为间接引语时,当直接引语是陈述句时,said 变为said that,而 said to sb.就变为 told sb.；当直接引语是一般疑问句和特别疑问句时,就要变为 asked / asked sb.+ if / whether 或 asked sb.+ what 等特别疑问词引导的句子；例如：Mr. Black said, “ I'm busy. ” “ I'll go to your farm tomorrow, ”Mr. Black said that he was busy. he said to her. He told her that he would go to her farm the next day. He said, “ Are you ready.” He asked us if / whether we were ready. He said, “ What do you want to do. ” He asked what I wanted to do. 二、从句人称的变化由直接引语变间接引语时,从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原就；直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一样；假如直接引语的主语是其次人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一样；假如直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时,人称不变；例如：They said, “We will go there by bus. ” They said they would go there by bus. She said to me, “ Are you interested in science.” She asked me if I was interested in science. His mother said to me, “ He can't go to school.” His mother told me that he couldn't go to school. 三、从句动词时态的变化1. 直接引语变为间接引语时,假如主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,就间接引语从句的时态保持不变；例如：He says, “ I have finished my homework. ” He says that he has finished his homework. She will say, “ I'll do it tomorrow. ” She will say that she'll do it the next day. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载2. 假如主句的时态是一般过去时,从句的时态就应是与主句时态相应的过去时态；一般现在时一般过去时；一般过去时过去完成时；现在进行时过去进行时；现在完成时过去完成时；过去完成时过去完成时（不变）；一般将来时过去将来时；例如：The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class. ” The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class. He said to me, “ I am writing a letter. ” He told me that he was writing a letter. 3. 直接引语假如是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,从句时态不变；例如：The teacher said, “ The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. 四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词的变化为 thisthat, these those 等；时间状语的变化为 nowthen, todaythat day, yesterday the day before, tomorrow the next day 等；地点状语的变化为 herethere；动词的变化为 come go；例如：1. She said, “ I will come this evening. ” She said that she would go that evening. 2. He said, “ My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then. 小试牛刀 ：A 将以下句子由直接引语变为间接引语；1. “ I am very happy to visit your factory, ”he said. 2. “ He was here a few weeks ago, and he came again yesterday,”she said. 3. She said to me, “ Will you go with me. ”4. He said, “ What do you think of the novel. ”B填空完成间接引语,每空填一词；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载5. Jones said, “ I visited Australia last year. ”Jones said that _ _ _ Australia _ _ _ . 6. Shirley asked Mary, “ Are you from America. ”Shirley asked Mary _ _ _ from America. 7. He said, “ What are you doing over here.”He asked _ _ _ doing over _ . 8. I asked her, “ Who bought you this new bicycle. ”I asked her _ had bought _ _ new bicycle. Key: A 1. He said that he was very happy to visit our factory. 2. She said that he had been there a few weeks before, and that he had gone again the day before. 3. She asked me if / whether I would go with her. 4. He asked me what I thought of the novel. B 5. she had visited; the year before 6. if / whether she was 7. what I was; there 8. who; her that 语法：直接引语与间接引语本单元主要学习陈述句的直接引语转变为间接引语的方法；在转变常常由从属连词 that（在口语中可省去）引导,引述动词常用 1人称的变化,如：say, tell 等,间接引语中须有以下一些变化：“ I'm tired ” , he said.“ 我累了；” 他说道；He said he was tired.他说他累了；2指示代词的变化；this 通常改为 that, these 通常改为those 等；如：“ You may have this book, ”said the librarian, “ for one week. ”“ 这本书” ,图书治理员说道, “ 你可以借一个星期； ”The librarian said that I might have that book for one week. 图书治理员说那本书我可以借一个星期；名师归纳总结 3时间状语的变化；last night, now, three days ago, tomorrow 通常依次改为the 第 11 页,共 31 页night before, then, three days before, the next day/ the following day等；如：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载She said, “ I saw him last night. ”她说：“ 我昨晚观察他了； ”She said that she had seen him the night before. 她说她在前一天晚上观察他了；He said, “ Now I live in London. ”他说：“ 现在我住在伦敦； ”He said that then he lived in London. 他说他那时住在伦敦；”He said, “ I saw her three days ago.”他说：“ 我在三天前观察她了；He said that he had seen her three days before. 他说他在三天前观察她了；4地点状语的变化；here 通常改为 there；如：He said, “ She arrived here yesterday.”他说：“ 她昨天到了此地； ”He said that she had arrived ther