2022年祈使句讲解和练习.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载祈使句一.祈使句的句式特点祈使句经常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、嘱咐、恳求或命令等；因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但依据其句意,实际上是省略了主语 you ；祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调；在表达恳求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上 please ,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气；祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用；例如： Keep off the grass. 勿踩草地！Put the boxes in the small room. 二.祈使句的确定句式把那些盒子放到那个小房间里；祈使句的确定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1.行为动词原形其它成分；例如： Make sentences after the model. 依据例句造句；Have a good time. 愿你玩得爽快；小试牛刀： this way, please. 请这边走；home at once. 立刻回家去 ；2. Be 动词其它成分 形容词、名词或介词短语等 ；例如： Be careful when crossing the street. 过公路时要当心；小试牛刀： . The baby is sleeping. 寂静,宝宝正在睡觉；3. Let 宾语动词原形其它成分；例如： Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧；Let me have a rest. 让我休息一会儿吧；Let us help you. 让我们帮忙你吧；小试牛刀： Let there together. 我们一起去吧；Let the work. 让他来做这工作；三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式,通常情形下在句首加上 Dont或 Never ,一般分为以下四种类型：1. 在祈使句的确定句式前加 Dont,构成 Dont行为动词原形其它成分；例如： Dont say that again. 别再那样说了！2. 在 Be 动词引起的确定祈使句前加 Dont,构成 Dont be其它成分 形容词、名词或介词短语等 ；留意：在这种句型中 be 不能省略；否定副词 not 不行置于 be 之后；例如： Dont be careless. 不要马虎；3. Let 引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：1Let 开头的祈使句,假如后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在 Let 前加 Dont,也可在 Let 后宾格的名词或代词后面加 not；2假如以 Let s开头的祈使句,必需在 Let s后加 not；例如 :Dont let me go with her tomorrow.Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去；Let s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们遇到她,都不要告知她真相；4.在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用No 名词 /V-ing 形式结构,表示禁止做某事；例如：NO Photos. 禁止拍照！No Entry 禁止入内 . No Passing 禁止通行 . No Smoking 禁止吸烟 . 小试牛刀：改为否定句Please cut me a piece of cake. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载Wait a minute, please. Be quite. Let s hurry. 四.祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来打算其疑问部分；通常有以下三种形式：1.祈使句为确定句式,其反意疑问句表示恳求时,通常用will you ；表示邀请、劝告时,用won t you ；例如： Be sure to write to us, will you.你肯定要给我们写信,好吗？Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you. 今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗？2.祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用 will you ；例如： Dont smoke in the mee ting room, will you. 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗？3. Let 开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除 Let s用 shall we 外,其它均用 will you ；例如 :Let the boy go first, will you. 让个那男孩先走,好吗？Let s take a walk after supper, shall we. 晚饭后我们去漫步,好吗？小试牛刀： Turn on the TV, . 把电视打开,好吗 . Tell me the truth, . 告知我实话,好吗 . Let me know, . 告知我,好吗 .Let s go swimming together, . 我们一起去游泳好吗 . 五.祈使句的应答句祈使句的动作是未发生的动作,常用 I will. 来回答其确定式,表示情愿接受恳求或命令,用 I won't. 来回答其否定式；另外 ,常用 All right. / OK. / Yes, let's. / A good idea. You can. 等来回答 Let us. 句式 ,表示答应或同意；原题再现 答案 : C B -Let's go swimming, shall we. - _. 等来回答 Let's. 句式 ,表示接受建议 ;用 You may. / A. It's my pleasure B. It doesn't matter C. Yes, let's go D. I agree with you -Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. - _. A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't六.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用 祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接；假如祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and 来连接； 假如祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or 来连接； 考查 "祈使句 或名词词组+ and 或 or+ 简洁句 "这一固定句型；例如： Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧,我想想有没有方法；Hurry up, or well be late.快点,否就我们要迟到了；原题再现 答案 : A A -English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it. -Yes. _more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known Let's keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached 七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用 祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后；例如： Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 假如他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载八.祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在确定祈使句式前加上助动词DoDo 在句中无意义 ；例如 :Do shut up. 快住口！Do be careful. 务请当心；Do come on time. 务必请准时来；九.特别形式的祈使句在英语中, 有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句；实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句；例如： Mor e water and the young trees couldnt have died. 假如你给那小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了；If you had given them more water, the young trees couldnt have died.十.运用祈使句的误区 1、祈使句往往简洁与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆；在平常的练习或测试中,假如稍不留神,就 会出错；因此,要仔细审题,仔细分析句子结构,并依据上下文语境,作出正确判定；例如： _ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check 析：假如空白处选填 BCheck 项,就视为祈使句,但后一分句前没有并列连接词 and 连接；如选 A 或 D 项分词或不定式 ,句中规律主语 some spelling mistakes 又不能执行这个动作,故均不符合句子结构；因此,只有 C 项 条件状语从句 符合句子结构及句意；2. 考查祈使句型与非谓语动词作状语的辨别才能留意标点符号 如破折号 的功能, 牢记常见祈使句的结构,排除非谓语动词的干扰非谓语动词提前作状语,常用逗号与后面分开,表示时间、缘由、条件、目的等；原题再现 答案 : A I've never seen anyone run so fast - _David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 一、 将以下祈使句改为否定式：1. Come here early. 2. Ask him. 3. Please wait for her. 4. Read the book carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. 6. Let s go there together. 二、 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空；1. Its an important meeting. _ not, be late.2. _ not,make any noise. Your mother is sleeping. 3. _ not, speak with your mouth full of food and _ be polite. 4. _ not, talk and _ read aloud. 5. _ not,leave your homework for tomorrow, Larry. 6. _ look out. A car is coming. 7. _ give us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 8. _ not, let the baby cry. 9. Wear more clothes or you _ catch a cold. 10. Lets _ not, say anything about it.D. had 第 3 页,共 4 页三、挑选正确答案填空： 1. If you are tired, _ a rest. A. have B. having C. to have 2. _ me go. It is very important for me. D. To do let A. Do let B. let do C. Doing let 3. He is not honest. _ believe him. D. Not to A. Not B. Don t C. To not 4. If you want to stay, let me know, _. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we 5. Never come late again, _. A. will you B. won t C. do you D. does he 6. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train.A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got 7. _ in the street. Its dangerous.A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don t play D. Don t to play 8. Please _ me some money, will you. A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend 9. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated. A. be B.are C. is D. being 10. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept 11.Her doctor said: “ _ work so hard”A Stop B Dont C Cant D No 12. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclockA is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure 13._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful 14. _him the secret, will you. A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling 15. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes.A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read 16. _ Your child. Well look after him.A Not to worry about B Dont worry about C Not worry for D Dont worry with 17.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest. A not they B do not they C dont they D not to 18 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest. - All right. A Why not B How about C Why not to D.why don t 19 _ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never 20.Please _ look outside. Look at the blackboard. 1-5 A not B don t C aren t D can tAABAA 6-10 BCAAA 11-15BDCAB 16-20BCBDB 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页