2022年精选教育广州中考英语必考语法.docx

名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -【一】中考语法考查必考语法点之一：被动语态考查形式：语选,完形,完成句子题型显现,特别是完成句子；考察难度：考查的动词都是比较简洁、拼写不会超过 5 个字母的单词,过去分词一般都是直接 +ed 出 现,出题不难, 要求把握被动语态的判定、被动语态的结构和动词过去分词的正确拼写；要点归纳：1、 主语不能发出对应的动作 主语是没有生命的东西,肯定是被动语态；主语是人,从意识上去判定该动作是不是该主语发出的2、结构： be+过去分词 +（by+动作执行者）3、 把握的几种形式：to 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are/+动词的过去分词（ v-ed） +（by+动作执行者）一般过去时的被动语态： was/were+动词的过去分词（ v-ed）+（by+动作执行者）现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+动词的过去分词（ v-ed）+（by+动作执行者）一般将来时的被动语态： be going to/ will + 动词的过去分词（ v-ed）+（by+动作执行者）含有情态动词的被动语态：can/could/should/must+动词的过去分词（ v-ed）+（by+动作执行者）3、 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to 的不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上Feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch observe, notice, look at, help 例： make sb do sth = sb +be+made + to do sth 4、 被动语态常考的固定搭配：Be made of Be made from Be made in Be used for Be used to do 留意以下短语和动词有“ 被动形式” ,但没有被动的意思： be used to doing （习惯于做事） Used to do sth （过去 /曾经做某事）Be made up of （由 成） Be well-known for （众所周知）5、 无被动语态的不及物动词常考的有：happen, take place, begin, start, end, belong to, come true. 7、 主动表被动的动词： sell, wash, write, 和五个起来： feel, smell, look, taste, sound e.g.: The pen writes well. He looks strong. 例题一：1. George 11 that Grandma used to be a gentle lady, （ 2022 年真题）A. tell B. told C. was told D. has told 2. When it was time for the villagers_8_to market, they were greatly surprised to find that the mans potatoes_9_perfectly into three groups.（2022 年真题）9.A. are divided B. were divided C. are dividing D. Divided3. they were greatly surprised to find that the mangroups.（2022 年真题）s potatoes were_9_perfectly into three 9.A. divide B dividedC. are dividing D. divides With the help of the Chinese 例题二：在中国人民的帮忙下,肯尼亚在几个月前建成了一条新的现代化铁路；60.people, a new and modern railway in Kenya _ _ several months ago.（2022 年真题）was built 61.这项工程很快就会完成；The project _ _ _ soon.（2022 年真题）will; be; finished/completed 考查一般将来时的被动语态）72. 依据奶奶的建议,这汤应当煮上两个小时以上；第 1 页细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -The soup_ _ _ for more than two hours according to Grandma.（2022 年真 题）should be cooked考查情态动词的被动语态）74. 为了进一步美化校内,下个月会在学校种许多树；Next month many trees _ _ _ in our school to make it more beautiful. will be planted 必考语法点之二：宾语从句考查形式：语选、完成句子考察难度：考察全面,考查必需把握引导词、时态和语序这三个要素；要点归纳：一、含义：用一个句子来充当另一个句子的宾语成分,把整个句子叫做宾语从句；二、三要素：1、 陈述语序 2、 时态：主句为一般现在时,从句时态用相应的任何时候（依据从句句意确定）主句为一般过去时,从句用相应的任何过去时态（依据从句句意确定）从句是表示客观事实,从句一律用一般现在时 3、 连接词： that, whether（ or not）, if, what, who, which, whose, when, where ect. 留意： that 引导宾语从句不充当任何成分,只起连接作用4、 宾语从句的简化：但主句的主语和从句的主语为同一人时,例题一：从句可以简化为疑问词 +不定式； "Now you heard 3 your mother said, George." （ 207 年真题）3. A. that B. what C. where D. which she didnt know how _31 it, she decided to have a try. She played and played, the whole day through, for months and years. The music she produced was never perfect, _32 each time it sounded a little better.（2022 年真题）A. played B. to play C. playing D. to playing 例题二 : 62.我不明白为什么他们在这个时候踢足球；I can't understand _ _ _ _ football at this moment.（2022 年真题）【解析】 why they are playing （宾语从句,陈述语序,我不知道他是否能准时到校；at this moment 现在进行时）I wonder _ _ _ _ to school on time.2022年真题 【解析】 whether/if; he; can; get 宾语从句,陈述语序,主句一般现在时）例题三：75. 我们方案去北京,但仍没打算何时去；We are planning to go to Beijing, but we havent decided _ _ _. 【解析】考查宾语从句简洁句 when to do的形式；必考语法点之三：定语从句考查形式：语选、完型 考察难度：主要考查引导词的挑选关系代词要点归纳：that, which, who 以及关系副词 where, when；一、含义：用一个句子来修饰另一个句子的名词或代词 第 2 页细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -二、先行词及关系词1、 that：人或物,人 +物2、 which：物3、 who：人4、 when & where：地点、时间记忆诀窍：从句完整就用 when/where,不完整就用 which、that,选项同时 which & that,就肯定不选which/that 留意： that 引导的定语从句,在从句中充当宾语可以省略that 不引导非限制定语从句（逗号隔开的定语从句叫做非限制定语从句）例题一：George's grandma was a woman 9 was always complaining about something or other.（2022 年真题）A. who B. which C. where D. when One year, there was a young man_4_received his share of the potatoes.（2022 年真题）4. A. who B. which C. what D. Whose One year, there was a young man,_received his share of the potatoes. A.that B. which C. who D. Whose But humans have created things like plastic bags _28_ cant be broken down by nature. 28. A. who B. which C. how D. where that；【解析】：定语从句之关系代词；先行词为plastic bags 在定语从句中做主语,应选关系代词你在网上买的书,三天之后会送到你家；You ll receive the book which you ordered on the Internet after three days. 必考语法点之四：状语从句考查形式：语选、完形、,完成句子,重点考查条件状语从句、目的壮语从句、时间状语从句、缘由状 语 从 句 、 结 果 状 语 从 句 , 时 间 状 语 从 句 往 往 结 合 过 去 进 行 时 考 查 , 主 长 从 短 ：I was sleeping when you came in. 主短从长： When he was watching TV, I ran in. 完形填空显现一般都是挑选正确的引导词；考查难度：考察较多的是引导词方面的,对于时态方面的考查较少；考生复习时除了要把握状语从句各个连词的意义,同时也需要把握“ 主将从现” “ 主祈从现” “ 主情从现” 的时态要求；要点归纳1、 时间状语从句： when & while 的运用注： while 有“ 然而” 的意思,表转折2、as soon as 一 就3、 not until 4、if&unless 5、so that 6、so that 7、because 例题一：His father was a farmer, and 4 farm they lived on was miles away from anywhere, 5 there were never any children to play 2022 年真题 A. but B. if C. or D. so 1.The king took it to the palace, but _27 he played it, the harp sounded terrible.（2022 年真题）27. A. A.when B. before C. if D. because 2.The offer was so simple _31_ Eileen thought she had heard wrong. But Patty repeated she was willing to help, and their journey to the operating table began.（2022 年真题）A.as B. which C. that D. until 第 3 页细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3. _30_ we continue making too much rubbish, the problem will only get worse. If nature can t reuse the rubbish, 30. A. When B. Whether C. Why D. If 例题二：昨晩我直到爸妈回家才睡觉；Last night I_ _ to bed_ my parents got home. 答案： didn t go until必考语法点之五：感叹句考查形式：语选、完成句子考查难度：考查较简洁,基本属于送分题；考生须把握 熟识一些常用形容词和副词的拼写；要点归纳：how 和 what 引导的感叹句的基本句型,并且1、 what + a / an +adj. +单数名词（ + 主语 + 谓语）！2、 What +adj. +复数名词（ +主语+ 谓语）！3、 What+adj. +不行数名词（ +主语+谓语）！常考的几个不行数名词： food,news,weather,fun,music,work,information,advice,suggestion； 注 意： what 引导的感叹句,主语 +谓语可以省略；4、 What+ adj. +a / an + 单数名词（ +主语 +谓语）！5、 How+adj./adv.+主语 +谓语！6、 How + 句子！口诀：主谓排除,形后出名用 例题一：what,形后无名用 how 59.小梅多么劳碌！她总是第一个来最终一个走；_ _ Xiao Mei is. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.（2022 年真题）How busy 63.这本书真有用啊！我看了许多遍；_ _ _ book it is. I have read it many times.（2022 年真题）What; a; useful 考查考点：感叹句；中间不定冠词 a 易错填为 an）74. 这部电影真乏味啊！我都快睡着了；_ _ _ movie it was. I almost fell asleep.（2022 年真题）What ； a； boring 73. 你们自己算出了这道数学题；多么聪慧的孩子啊！Youve worked out the maths problem yourselves. _ _children you are.（2022 年真题）What clever常考语法点之一：动词考查形式：时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词做形容词、非谓语动词 考查难度“ 动词是词法的核心,考查范畴较大,难度较大 一、时态要点归纳 考点一：主将从现（在状语从句已经提到）考点二：现在完成时 4 大用法：结果,连续,经受,移位 时间标志：for + 时间段、since+ 时间点 /一般过去时的句子、 already、yet、every、never、“ How long .” 、含有“time” 表示次数的句子中 要点归纳：区分： have been to + 地点 曾经去过某地第 4 页细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -have gone to + 地点 已经到某地去了have been in + 地点 + for + 时间段瞬时动词与连续性动词间的转换：die be dead buyhave borrowkeep leave/gobe awayfrom make friendsbe friends begin/startbe on arrive/get to/reach/comebe in/be at/stay join the Partybe a Party member /be in the Party 核心句型：（现完） +since+（一般过去式）考点三：过去进行时（在时间状语从句中考查）考点四：一般现在时（客观真理）、一般过去时（在宾语从句中考查）例题一：George 13 into the kitchen and made Grandma a cup of tea with a teabag（2022 年真题）A. goes B. went C. will go D. has gone Grandma 2 in the chair by the window when she opened one little eye and said,." （ 2022 年真题）A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. was sleeping As the other villagers_5_, he walked around the village laughing （2022 年真题）5. A. work B. was working C. were working D. works 此题考查过去进行时,本句话翻译为：“ 当其他的村民正在忙作时,.” ；例题二：One day, a magic man _26 the king a harp竖琴 .（2022 年真题）26. A. offer B. offers C. offered D. has offered 例题三：_30_ the immediate reply.The offer was so simple （ 2022 年 “Can I give you one of mine.”真题）A. came B. comes C. come D. Coming 二、情态动词归纳情态动词有： must, have to, had better, can, could, be able to, may, might, need, will, would, shall, should + 动词原形考点一： must can 表示估计的运用must：必需 /肯定 can：可能 /能够 /可以考点二： mustnt 的运用,意思是“ 肯定不能 /禁止”考点三：情态动词一般疑问句的回答Must . Yes, S + must. No, S +neednt t Need . Yes, S + may No, S + musn例题一："We 12 be nice to the old, George," His mother always told him.（2022 年真题）12. A. should B. would C. might D. can The rough roads we travel along can also_15_us. （ 2022 年真题）15. A. to help B. help C. helps D. helped 三、非谓语动词归纳：和介词一样特别敏捷,在句法中,不作谓语,全部句子成分都可充当；只考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语To + do 否定式 not + to + do：1.可以表示目的； 2.表示将来要去执行的动作；1、只能接 to +do 的动词有： decide, agree, hope, want, ask,refuse, plan, need, wish +to do 2、有些动词加 to do 做宾语补足语,常见的有：第 5 页细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Ask, tell, want, teach + sb. +to do +sth. 3、加 to + do 的重点句型有：（1）It takes sb. Some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间、金钱（2）It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样（3）Would you like to . 4、后接省略 to 的动词不定式的动词有一感（ feel）二听（hear, listen to）三让（have, make, let）五看（watch, ,see, look at, notice, observe）,半个帮忙（ help 可以带 to,也可以省略）改为被动语态时,to 要仍原例如： This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week. 5、省略 to 的情形有（1）情态动词后（ 2）Why not/why don例句：t you（3）Would rather than（一） And don't forget 1 good care of Grandma." Then out she went. （ 2022 年真题）A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes （二） She spent all day 10 on her chair by the window. （ 2022 年真题）A. sitting B. sits C. sit D. sat （三） put her life in danger _27_ her best friend .（2022 年真题）A. save B. saved C. saves D. to save（四） When it was time for the villagers_8_to market, they were greatly surprised to find that （2022 年真题）8. A. go B. going C. to go D. went （五） But it takes an average of 25 years for a new tree _35_.（2022 年真题）A. grows B. for growing C. growing D. to grow Doing 否定式 not doing 1、加 doing 作非谓语动词常考的有： enjoy,mind,suggest,miss,admit,deny,imagine,practice+doing sth. 2、加 doing 的情形有：（1）介词后 +doing 例如： give up doing sth., be interested in doing sth.等（2）Feel lilke + doing 喜爱做某事 /prefer doing sth. to doing sth.（更喜爱 .）（3）To 作介词时的几个常用短语：look forward to/be used to/pay attention to + doing 3、既可加 to do 也可加 doing,并意思相近的动词有： begin, start, like, love, hate 4、既可加 to do 也可加 doing,但意思不同的动词有：Forget to do 遗忘去做某事（事情仍没有做）Forget doing 遗忘做过某事（事情已经做了,但是忘了）Remember to do 记得去做某事（事情仍没有做）Remember doing 记得做过某事（事情已经做了）Regret to do （对将要做的事）遗憾Regret doing （对已经做过的事）遗憾Stop to do 停下来去做某事（去另外一件事情）Stop doing 停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）归纳记忆： stop from + doing = preventfrom doing Try to do 尽力做某事（区分： manage to do 设法做某事）Try doing 尝试去做某事Keep/go on to do 连续去做某事（停止原先做的事情而连续另一件事情）Keep/go on doing 连续做同一件事情第 6 页细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Mean to do = plan to do 准备/方案去做某事 Mean doing 意味着做某事 重点区分以下搭配：See / watch sb. do sth. 看到、看着某人做某事（已做了）See / watch sb. doing sth. 看到、看着某人正在做某事（在做）Hear / notice sb. do sth. 听到 /留意到某人做某事（已做了）Hear / notice sb. doing sth. 听到/留意到某人正在做某事（在做）关注： have sth. done/ get sth. done need doing / want doing 四、动词短语近年广州中考高频动词短语归纳 动词和动词短语在广州市中考里面主要是考察词义辨析,是历年中考的必考内容；1.speak 语言 say （说的内容）talk（谈论） tell （告知）2. bring（带来）take （带走）carry（搬 /携带 /抗）3.borrow （向 借） lend （借 给）keep （保持）return = give back（归仍）4. look after（照料）look at（看一看）look for （查找）look out （当心）look up （查找字典） look down upon（瞧不起look around （环顾四周）look forward to doing sth.（期盼）dress sb/oneself （给某人穿衣）5. hear of = hear about（听说）hear from （收到 来信）6.put on （强调穿的动作）wear = be in（强调穿的状态）7. spend：sb+doing sth/on sth pay ：sb+for sth cost：sth take：it to do collect （收集）afford （负担的起）8. find （强调查找的结果）find out （查明真相）look for（强调查找的结果）9. 到达： get to+地点 reach +地点 arrive at/in+地点留意： home、here、there 后面不能加介词10. 与 take 有关的短语take away （带走）take part in （参与）take care of（照料）take place（发生）take off（起飞 /脱下）13. 与 put 有关的短语put on（穿上）put off（推迟）put away（收起来）put up（张贴）14.与 get 有关的短语get on （上车）get off （脱下）get to（到达）get on well with （相处融洽）14.与 cut 相关的短语cut down 砍到 cut off（切断）15：be filled with/ be full of 填满、装满、布满 16：in the middle of （在 中间）17：keep in touch with（与 保持联系）18：grow up（长大）19：throw away（扔掉）20：give up（2022 年真题）五、分词作形容词考查形式：完形填空考查难度：一般,只要会判定是该考点,就能做对；要点归纳：exciting & excited interesting & interested surprising & surprised 第 7 页细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -boring & bored 留意：“ing” 形容物“ ed” 形容人常考语法点之二：代词考查形式：语选,完形填空,完成句子考察难度：偏难,熟识常用代词有帮忙；1、another/other/the other/others/the others another “ 众多中的另外一个”； the other“ 两个中的另外一个”other 一个 .另一个other“ 其他的” ,后面 +名词复 ; the other后面 +名词others“ 其他的人 /事物” ； =other +名词any other+名单数 2、a few / few / a little / little ；对应的搭配为“ one . another/one .the A few / few+ 可数名词； a little / little + 不行数名词； Few 和 little 具有否定意义,表示“ 量少、几乎没有” ； a few 和 a little 具有确定意义,表示量“ 虽少,一些,一点点” ；3.反身代词的搭配 By oneself 靠某人自己Enjoy oneself 玩得高兴help yourself . 请任凭吃点 . lose oneself 迷路teacher oneself自学 = learn sth. by oneself 例题 : （一） He put one spoon of sugar and 14 milk in it. （2022 年真题）A. many B. any C. few D. some （二） and they worried that this man would never get_7_potatoes ready （ 2022 年真题）A. he B. him C. himself D. his （三） Many _28 people tried it. 28. A. another B. other C. others D. the