小学英语语法学习总结.doc

-#小学英语语法总结一、时 态 小 结时态定义特征动词的变化规则一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作.every day/morning/usually第三人称单数的变化情况:1.一般情况在词尾直接加-s2.以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es现在进行时表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作.now/ look/ listen现在分词的变化情况:1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing2. 以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况.yesterday morning/afternoon/eveninglast year/montha minute ago/an hour agothis morning/afternoon/evening动词过去式的变化情况:1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed2. 以e结尾的词加-d3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed一般将来时表示将要发生的事情tomorrowthe day after tomorrow/the next day/Mondayat the weekend/tonighttomorrow night/morning/afternoon主要构成be going to/will + 动词原形be +形容词凡是在must, mustnt, can, cant, lets, dont, may，will后的一定要用动词的原形二、名词的复数。名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.可数名词的复数变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,三、形容词的比较级、最高级。形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest2.以e结尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5.多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.6.good-better-best四、be 动词,助动词。现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isnt, arent, werent, wasnt助动词形式有: do, does, did, dont, doesnt, didnt1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”; 否定 过去 否定am-am not(第一人称 “I” )am, is - was - wasntis - isnt(第三人称)are- were - werentare-arent(you和其它人称)2. 没有be动词的就要加助动词;否定过去过去否定do-dont-did-didntdoes(第三人称单数)-doesnt - -did-didnt五人称代词主语物主代词宾格形容词性名词性Imyminemesheherhersherhehishishimititsitsityouyouryoursyouweouroursustheytheirtheirsthem六特殊疑问词What is this?What is this in English?What is the matter?What is the weather like?What is the country like?What is she/he/What do you like?WhatWhat does he do?What do you have for?What colour?What class?What grade?What time?What day?What do/does/did+?How are you?How old?HowHow many?How much? How long?How do/does/did+?Which +n.+ （be动词/助动词）+?Whose+ n.+ （be动词/助动词）+?Where+ v. （be动词/助动词）+sb. +?When +v. （be动词/助动词）+ sb.+?Who +v. （be动词/助动词/行为动词）+sb.+?Why +v. （be动词/助动词）+ sb. +?有can, will, must这几个词的句子，所有的句型转换都在此词变化。1.数词变化规律及读法口诀两大数词基和序，前表数量后第几。 构成先谈基数词，1至12请认真记。13至19teen结尾齐，ty结尾表示几十。 若要表达几十几，几十短横1到9。One hundred 一百记，若表几百几十几。 几百 and几十几，基数规律上述里。再把序数谈仔细，第一至三独立记。 第四至十九结尾th,第结尾th,第廿到九十有规律。数基础y变ieth。第几十几有特例，第几十由基数起，几用序数有道理。第一百one hundred。若说第一百几十几。 One hundred and第几十几。谈此即告一段落,序有缩式莫忘记，上述须用心体味。2.句子种类口诀句子按用途分四大体，陈述疑问感叹和祈使。陈述用来叙述一件事。疑问主要用来提题祈使表达命令和请求。表达强烈感情感叹句。上述九是句种之定义。祈使主语you被抛弃若将其变成否定形式，动词之前加dont是正理。3.陈述句变感叹句口诀陈述变感叹两句套。What 或How加其他成分表。What a(an)形加名用的妙。剩余照写句末用感叹号。 How 后副和形是正确道，其后照写感叹号堪称妙。4.一般现在时用法及句型转换口诀 经常习惯动作和真理，是一般现在时的定义。构成除单三皆动原式。若逢动词第三人称体，动词变单三式有道理。若要变成否定的形式， 动词原形之前加dont,除单三人称外无特例。 单三式前doesnt动原基。句首Do,Does疑问起，Does用单三人称限制，单三还原形没大问题。5.变动词单三人称口诀一般情况动词尾-s加。O,s,ch,sh结尾“-es”没有差。 辅音加y 去y为“-ies”是方法。6.现在进行时及句型转换口诀现在正在进行之动作，用现在进行时来掌舵。构成be加现在分词妥，be的用法如同系动词。 切记be是助动词没错，be后面加not否定拓。Be提句首疑问有把握，上述内容记清好处多。7.现在分词构成口诀词尾直加-ing是一般式，若遇无音e去之加-ing。 重读闭音一辅音字母尾，双写该字母-ing是正里。8.形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀结尾直加-er,-est属一般，详细构成方法逐一来侃谈。一辅音结尾重读闭音节看，辅音双写-er,-est是习惯。辅音加y(ly)除外有型感，按照去y,-er,-iest方法办。上述皆属单音部分双音段，下面把多音节规律来看看。词前加more,most此规律唤。规则变化到此已全都谈完。有些不规则变化请你记全。“双好”better,best记的宽。“坏病”worse,worst莫记乱。“双多” more,most不用管“老、远”两种形式别记篡，“有点”less,least记清盼。9.感观使役动词记忆和使用口诀1.记忆口诀：二听四看一感觉，使役动词有三个。 或：一感二听三使四看。一感；feel 二听：hear,listen to 三使：make ,let ,have四看：look at,see,watch,notice使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to在句中象妖怪。主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。10.规则动词加-ed的读音口诀元音后t，浊音后d，td 后读id。 注：浊音包括浊辅音和元音。11.时刻表达法口诀时刻表达法作用大,衣食住行离不开它。 整点时把点钟数打，时分俱全不好表达。请记下列几种方法:先时后分莫给弄差。 若要说明几点过几分，可把past和after来抓。前分后时不能搞差，要说几点几分差， to前分后时来表达。12.形容词和副词的比较等级及用法句型口诀一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。若要比项掌握齐，比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。若甲乙程度相同，asas 结构体。PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结与分析三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种：to be句型、there be句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的句型、be going to句型等。现以58册书为例，简要分析如下：一 to be句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中58册的句型主要有：1. Whos your English teacher?Mr. Carter.2. Whats he like?Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt.She is very active.4. Is she strict?Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Whats your favourite fruit/food?7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/8. When is your birthday? Its in May.9. My birthday is in June.Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June?Yes, it is.11. Whats the date?12.This is Zhang Peng.13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？Im 164 cm tall.15. You are shorter than me.16.Youre 4 cm taller than me.17.How heavy are you?Im 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you?My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah?二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：There is+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。There are+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit 5和Unit 6中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park?Yes, there is.4. Is there a river?No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains?No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers?Yes, there are.三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usuallyoftensometimesneveralways等。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit2&3，第6册Unit1&2, 第7册Unit4,5,6, 第8册Unit2中。如：Book5:1. What do you have on Thursdays?We have English, math and science on Thursdays.2. What do you do on Saturdays?I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays?We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes.Book6:1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up?I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend?Usually I watch TV and go shopping.4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best.6. Why do you like summer/winter?Book7:1. How do you go to school, Sarah?2. Usually I go to school on foot.Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math?Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesnt.She teaches math.6. What does your mother do?What does your father do?7. Where does she work?She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work?She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from?It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from?It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from?It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do that?Book8:1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel?I feel sick.How does Amy feel?3. You look so happy.You look sad today.四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词（am, is, are）+动词现在分词(v. ing)。该句型主要分布在第6册Unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. What are you doing?Im doing the dishes.Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter.Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing ?Its eating bananas.4. What is she doing ?Shes jumping.5. What are they doing ?Theyre swimming.They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch?No, we arent.7. Are they eating the honey?Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess?Yes, he is.9. Is she counting insects?No, she isnt.五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday, last week ,last year等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如：1.What did you do last weekend?I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room?Yes, I did.3.What did you do yesterday?I went fishing.4. Did you read book?Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room?No, I didnt.6.Where did you go on your holiday?I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you do there?I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？I went by train.此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some六 情态动词can引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit4和第7册Unit1中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do?I can sweep the floor.I can cook the meals.2. I can water the flowers.3. Can you make the bed?No, I cant.4. Can you use a computer?Yes, I can.Book7:How can I get to Zhongshan Park?You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构：am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有：tomorrownext weekendthis morningthis weekendnextbe going toBook7:1. What are you going to do this weekend?I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going?I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing?He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan?She is going to go there at 9:00 am.小学英语疑问词用法总结句子可分为四类1、陈述句（肯定句和否定句）2、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句）3、祈使句（肯定句和否定句）4、感叹句。四大句子类型的相互转换，如：将陈述句变成一般疑问句：疑问疑问调个头，把be(系动词“is are am”)放在最前头。又如：将陈述句的肯定句变成否定句：否定，否定加“not”，加在何处，加在系动词的后面；在句子相互转换的题型中，最难的要算“就下列划线部分提问”或是“看答句，写问句”这种题型了，其实，我们只要熟练掌握疑问词（what，what time, what colour, where，when,who，whose，which，how，how old，how tall, how long,how big, how heavy , how much，how many等等）具体用法，了解他们是针对什么提问的，这种题型就很容易做了。疑问词意义用法例句what什么用来问是什么，叫什么，做什么等1.Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？2.Whats your father?你爸爸是干什么的？3.what is in your box? 你的盒子里是什么？What time什么时间用来问时间What time is it?几点了？What time is it now? 现在几点了？What colour什么颜色用来问颜色1.waht colour is your bag? 你的书包是什么颜色？2.what colour is your book?你的书本是什么颜色？What about怎么样用来征求意见或询问感受等，大多用于承接上面的同样问题1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样？2.what about you? 你呢？3.what about your dad?你爸爸呢？What day星期几用来问星期几1.what day is it today? 今天星期几？2. what day was yesterday? 昨天星期几？What date什么日期问具体的日期1Whats the date today? 今天是几号？2. what date is tomorrow? 明天是几号？What for为何目的用来问目的，在一定情况下只可以与why互换What did you buy that for? 你为什么要买那个？when什么时候用来问时间1.when do you get up?你什么时候起床？2. when did you go there? 你什么时候去的那里？where哪里用来问地点1. where is my ruler? 我的尺子在哪里？2.where are you from? 你是哪里人？3. where are you going to ?你打算去哪里？which哪一个用来问具体的哪一个1. which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节？2.which class are you in?你在哪一个班？3.which one is my pen？哪一个是我的钢笔？who谁用来问人物是谁1.who is that boy?那个男孩是谁？2. who are you going to with? 你打算和谁一起去？3. Who is that pretty lady?那个漂亮的女士是谁？whose谁的用来问东西是谁的1. whose bag is this? 这是谁的包？2.whose bike is yellow? 谁的自行车是黄色的？why为什么用来问原因1.why do you like spring? 你为什么喜欢春天？2. why did you go there? 你为什么去那里？how怎么样用来询问身体等状况1.how are you? 你好吗？2.how is your mother? 你妈妈好吗？How old几岁用来问年龄1.how old are you? 你几岁了？2. how old is your father? 你爸爸多大了？How long多长用来问长度1.how long are your legs? 你的腿多长？2. how long is your pencil? 你的铅笔多长？How big多大用来问物体的大小1.How big is your bedroom? 你的卧室多大？How tall多高用来问高度2.How tall is your brother? 你弟弟有多高？How heavy多重用来问重量1.How heavy are you?你有多重？2.How heavy is this box?这个箱子有多重？How far多远用来问路程1.How far can you dive under the water? 在水下你能游多远？2. How far is it from here? 从这儿去有多远？How many多少用来问数量1.How many apples do you have? 你有多少苹果？2.How many days are there in a year?一年有多少天？How much多少钱用来问价格1.how much is this dress? 这个连衣裙多少钱？2.how much are these desks?这些桌子多少钱？How about怎么样用来征求意见或询问感受等，大多用于承接上面的同样问题，用法与what about相同1.how about you? 你呢？2.how about that shirt? 那件衬衣怎么样？小学英语句型汇总一、一般疑问句：1、Did you read books? 你读书了吗？Yes, I did.是的，我读过了。No, I didnt. 不，我没有读过。2、Is she quiet? 她文静吗？No, she isnt. Shes very active. 不，她不。她很活跃。Is she strict? 她严格吗？Yes, she is, but shes very kind.是的，她是，但是她很和蔼。3、Is this a teachers desk? 这是一张讲台桌吗？Is it cold? 冷吗？Is her birthday in June? 她的生日在六月吗？Is this your T-shirt? 这是你的T恤衫吗？Yes, it is.是的。No, it isnt. / No, its not. 不，不是的。4、Can you make the bed? 你会铺床吗？Can you use a computer? 你会使用电脑吗？Yes, I can. 是的，我会。No, I cant.不，我不会。5、Are they ducks? 它们是鸭子吗？Are they eating the honey? 它们吃蜂蜜吗？Yes, they are. 是的，它们是。No, they arent. 不，它们不是。6、Is there a forest in the park? 公园里有一个森林吗？Is there a river? 那里有条河吗？Yes, there is. 是的，那里有。No, there arent. 不，那里没有。7、Are there any pandas in the mountains? 山里有一些熊猫吗？Are there any fish in the rivers? 河里有一些鱼吗？Yes, there are. 是的，那里有。No, there arent.不，那里没有。8、Are you eating lunch? 你（们）正在吃午餐吗？Yes, I am. / Yes, we are.是的，我正在吃。/ 是的，我们正在吃。No, I am not. / No, we arent. 不，我没有在吃。/ 不，我们没有在吃。9、Is he playing chess? 他正在下棋吗？Yes, he is. 是的，他是。No, he isnt. 不，他没有。10、Is she counting insects?她正在数昆虫吗？Yes, she is. 是的，她是。No, she isnt.不，她没有。11、Does she/he teach English? 她（他）教英语吗？Yes, she/he does. 是的，她（他）是。No, she/he doesnt. 不，她（他）不是。二、谈论时间：What time is it? 几点钟？Its two oclock. 两点钟。Its 9:45. Its time for math class. 九点四十五。是上数学课的时间了。What day is it today? 今天星期几？Its Wednesday. 星期三When do you eat dinner? 你几点吃晚餐？I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 我晚上7点钟吃晚餐。When do you get up? 你几点起床？I usually get up at 12:00 noon. 我一般中午12点钟起床。When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？Its in May. 在五月。My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too. 比尔叔叔的生日也在六月。Whats the date?几月几日？June 9