2022年职称英语考试试题综合类B级.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 第 1 部分：词汇选项（第1 -15 题,每题 1 分,共 1 5 分）下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定 1个意义最为接近的选项；1 Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment A anger B doubt C love D surprise 2 The document was compiled by the Department of Health A written C attached B printed D sent 3 He's spent y ears cultivating a knowledge of art A sharing B using C denying D developing4 We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues. A clear B regular C quick D great5 Her father was a quiet man with graceful manner A polite B similar C usual D bad6 I want to provide my boys with a decent education A goodB specialC privateD general7 In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy A reducesB changesC leavesD drops8 Many cities have restricted smoking in public places A limitedB allowedC stoppedD kept9 What are my chances of promotion if I stay here. A retirementB advertisementC advancementD replacement D avoid D deep10 If we leave now, we should miss the traffic A directB stopC mix11 There was a profound silence after his remark A proudB shortC sudden12 I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues A long B boring C original D humorous13 The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village A caught B killed C found D jailed 14 Such a database would be extremely costly to set up A transfer B destroy C establish D update 15 The two banks have announced plans to merge next year A combine B sell C close D break 第 2 部分：阅读判定（第 16 - 22 题,每题 1 分,共 7 分）下面的短文后列出了 7个句子,请依据短文的内容对每个句子做出判定：假如该句供应的是正确信息,请挑选A：假如该句供应的是错误信息,请挑选B：假如该句的信息文中没有提及,请挑选 C；A Great Quake Coming. Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area - and they can be devastating. In 1906, for example, a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed hundreds, perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - when the .next "Big One" will strike. It's bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault （断层） lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust（地壳） slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes. To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens. One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes, faults rupture（断裂） at about 2.7 kilometers per second. During bigger quakes, however, ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second. At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure, build up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky for San Francisco, these pressure pulses（脉冲） traveled away from the City during the 1906 event. As bad as the damage was, it could have been far worse. Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906. Since then, the area has been relatively quiet. Patterns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent. New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak. Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage. People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while. According to the new research, however, it's not a matter of "if'" the Big One will hit. It's just a matter of when. 16 The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines A Right BWrong CNot mentioned 17 The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history A Right BWrong CNot mentioned 18 The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second. A Right BWrong CNot mentioned 19 Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906. A Right BWrong CNot mentioned 20 San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake A Right BWrong CNot mentioned 21 Scientists will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon. A Right BWrong CNot mentioned 22 A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable A Right BWrong CNot mentioned 第 3 部分：撅括大意与完成句子 （第 23 - 30 题,每题 1 分,共 8 分）下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： 1 第2326题要求从昕给的 6个选项中为第2- 5段每段选择1个正确标题：（ 2）第2730题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个正确选项Natural Gas 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface, It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃料）, meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago. The main component of natural gas is methane（甲烷）2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基础设施） has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential, commercial and industrial customers worldwide. Today, natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U.S., and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries. More than 65 million American homes use natural gas. In fact, natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs, costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heating homes, much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products, from paint, to fibers for clothing, to plastics for healthcare, computing and furnishings. Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants. 3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出） less pollution than other fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned, it produces mostly carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） and water vapor - the same substances emitted when humans breathe. Compared with some other fossil fuels, natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧） - making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all. 4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output, making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world. The U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025. 5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface. The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia, West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG （液化自然气）has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades. Today, the leading importers of LNG are Japan, Korea, France and Spain. A Popularity and use of natural gas 23 Paragraph 2 B Natural gas reserves and supply 24 Paragraph 3 C Natural gas prices 25 Paragraph 4 D Clean fuel of choice 26 Paragraph 5 E Disadvantages of natural gas F Natural gas consumption27 Natural gas is stored deep 28 Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source 29 When manufacturing many different products, people commonly use natural gas 30 It is estimated that by 2025 the natural gas demand in the United States will increaseA over the past 50 years B beneath the earth s surface C by more than 50 percent D for more than four decades E as a raw material F for home energy needs名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 第 4 部分：阅读懂得（第31 - 45题,每题 3 分,共 45 分）下面有 3篇短文,每篇短文后有 5道题；请依据短文内容,为每题确定 1个晟佳选项第一篇 Walking to Exercise the Brain Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve students' grades. Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too. New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise. Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember, and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't. Their brain cells also make more connections. Neuroscientists 神经科学家 from the University of lllinois at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 t077, after each person walked l mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing. Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less-fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions. In a second study,15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training 有氧运动 course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning （韵律操） exercises for the same amount of time. So, even going for a walk every 20r 3 days for just 10 t045 minutes can help. That should be good news for the elderly. The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet. Still, it can't hurt to take occasional breaks and go for a walk or run around with friends. Whatever you do, though, don't try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself. 31 Walking regularly helps elderly people A lose weight. B become happier. C concentrate better. D look younger. 32 After taking exercise for a few weeks, the mice were found to have A higher blood pressure. B faster heartbeat. C more blood flow to the bran. D better appearance. 33 The first study on 41 elderly people found A the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster. B the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster. C the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers. D the fitter participants gave more accurate answers. 34 It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A 3 minutes. B 45 minutes. C 30 minutes. D 10 minutes. 35 It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should A run around once a week. B not read and walk at the same time. C go for a walk every day. D not hurt their friends while exercising. 其次篇 Night of the Living Ants When an ant dies, other ants move the dead insect out of the nest. This behavior is interesting to scientists, who wonder how ants know for sure - and so soon that another ant is dead. Dong-Hwan Choe, a scientist at the University of California, found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, "I-take me away." But there's a twist to Choe's discovery. Choe says that the living ants - not just the dead ones - have this death chemical. In other words, while an ant crawls around, perhaps in a picnic or home, it's telling other ants that it's dead. What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead. Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies, and these tell nearby ants something like, "Wait - I'm not dead yet." So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants: one says, "I'm dead," the other set says, "I'm not dead yet." Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead, If an ant is knocked unconscious, other ants leave it alone until it wakes up. That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive. Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies, the chemical that says "Wait - I'm not dead yet" quickly goes away. Once that chemical is gone, only the one that says "I'm dead" is left. "It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant-that it. Gets carried to the graveyard（墓地） , not because its body releases new, unique chemicals after death," said Choe. When other ants detect the "dead" chemical without the "not dead yet" chemical, they haul away the body. This was Choe's hypothesis（假设）To test his hypothesis, Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae（蛹） . When the scientists used the "I'm dead" chemical, other ants quickly hauled the treated pupae away. When the scientists used the "Wait - I'm not dead yet" chemical, other ants left the treated pupae alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the "not dead yet" chemical overrides（优胜于） the "dead" chemical when picked up by adult ants. And that when an ant dies, the "not dead yet" chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining "dead" chemical and remove the body from the nest. 36 The phrase "this death chemical" in paragraph 3 refers to A the chemical that contains poison, B the chemical that announces death. C the chemical that prevents death. D the chemical that causes death. 37 Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A Ants know very soon that another ant is dead. B When an ant is dead, others move its body out of the nest. C If an ant is unconscious, it s moved out of the nest. D Living ants have the "I'm dead" chemical on their bodies. 38 According to Choe's hypothesis, A the "I'm dead, chemical leaves the body of an ant when it dies. B an ant still smells like a living one when it dies: C an ant gives off a new chemical when it dies. D the "I'm not dead yet" chemical leaves the body of an ant when it dies. 39 According to paragraph 7, what is the result of the test on Choe's hypothesis. A it shows that his hypothesis is wrong B his hypothesis is convincing C It suggest that his hypothesis needs revising D Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis 40 The passage “ Night of the Living Ants" tells about A how an ant is moved out of the nest at night. B what an ant does at night. C how an ant finds its way in darkness. D what happens when an ant dies. 注释：1night ：night 个多义词,其比如意义是“ 死亡” ,即本篇短文标题中该词的 意思；标题是用了逆喻的修辞手法；2the University of California：10所高校,包 Angeles 、 加利福尼亚高校,位于美国西部的公立高等学校系统,目前拥有括加州高校伯克利分校 Berkeley 、洛杉矶分校 Los 圣地亚哥分校 San Diego 、圣克鲁兹分校 Santa Cruz 等；3. Argentine：阿根廷,位于南美洲的国家；4But there's a twist to Choe's discovery