2022年英文学习资料动词的时态和语态.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 专题七学习必备欢迎下载动词的时态和语态历年动词时态考点情形分析：1.显现频率最高 , 每卷必考 , 最高时 3 题2000; 2.一题两空 ,主要考查时态混用 ,但考查进行时、完成时的概率更高；3.动词时态是英语中最重要的语法现象 ,只有平常认真学习 ,认真推敲 ,大量操练 ,考试时才能精确挑选 . （一）动词时态1. 各种时态构成一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时do ; does am ; is ; are / doing has ; have / done has ; have / been doing 一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时did was ; were / doing had done had been doing 一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时shall ; will / do will ; shall / be doing shall ; will / have done will/ shall / have been doing 一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过 去 将 来 完 成 进 行 时should /would / have done should/would/have been doing should ; would / do should ; would / be doing 2. 一般现在时的基本用法 1 常常性、习惯性的动作、状态、性能；2 主语的特点、才能、性格；3 客观事物或普遍真理；4只用一般时不用进行时的动词 表状态的动词：be ; stay ; remain ; exist ; belong to remember ; realize ; know ; agree ; believe ; want ; need ; understand ; forget ; please ; respect ; prefer ; mind ; 表心理的动词：like ; wish ; hope ; appreciate ; recognize ; mean ; care ; dislike ; love ; hate ; fear 非连续性动词：accept ; allow ; complete ; decide ; end ; admit ; give ; receive ; refuse ; permit ; promise 感官动词： see ; look ; hear ; notice ; smell ; taste ; sound ; feel 5 一般现在时表示将来的动作有些表 起始的动词 也可以表示按方案、规定要发生的动作；stop ; return. 在 make surecertain后面的从句中常用一般现在时表将来；begin ; come ; sail ; leave ; go ; arrive ; set ; start ; open ; close ; 在由连词if ; unless ; before ; as soon as ; when ; once ; however 等引起的 时间状语和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时； 以下句型用一般现在时表现在进行时 here, there, in 等引起的倒装句 Here / There动词主语 名词 Here comes the train.H ere / There + 主语代词动词 Here she comes. 3. 一般过去时的基本用法 1过去发生的动作和状态；2 过去常常发生的动作或存在的状态 常用 used to 或 would +V 原形表示 He used to go there, didnt he. 3口语中 ,want, hope, wonder, wish, think 等动词可用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉语气或摸索性态度；I wondered if you could help me. 4情态动词的过去时could, would, might, should 可用于现在或将来,表委婉语气；4. 将来常常用的表达方式1不含主观因素的单纯的将来用shall / will + 动原2will 表倾向或习惯动作；Plants will die without water. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载3“ be going to + 动原” 这种形式用于人时表示准备、意图,有时也表示说话者确信无疑；用于物时表示可能性或必定性；4“ be to do”表示嘱咐、命令、支配、分工或征求看法；5“ be about to do 表示即刻就要发生的动作；6现在进行时可以表将来；表运动的动词 的进行时可以表示将来,be + coming / leaving / returning / going / starting / setting out / meeting / opening / dying / arriving. 7will 与 be going to 的用法比较a. 假如条件状语从句表示将来发生的动作或状态,主句中不能用 If you accept that job, you will regret it. be going to, 而用 will / shall. 但是：假如条件状语从句表示的是现在的动作或状态,主句中可用 be going to. If I have enough money, I am going to buy a beautiful watch. b. be going to 可用在条件状语从句中表示将来时间,will 就不能；If you are going to write to Jenny this evening, youd better finish the work now.但假如不是表示将来时间,而表示意愿、坚持等,will 就可以用条件从句；If you will kindly wait a moment, Ill ask the manager to speak to you.5. 现在进行时的基本用法1此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态；2在时间、条件状语从句中代替一般将来时；Don t mention it when you are talking with him. 3go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, take off, dine, work, sleep, stay, play, do, have, wear 等用现在进行时表将来、在最近按方案或支配要进行的动作；4现在进行时与 always, all the time , forever, constantly 等词连用,表感叹、惊奇、厌恶心情；He is always thinking of himself. 5look, smell, feel, taste 系动词或表心理的 I feel worse today. 6. 现在完成时的用法want, like, prefer, have 一般不用进行时 ,也无被动语态；现在完成时表示过去开头的动作到说话时为止的结果或影响,常与 already ; ever ; lately ; just ; recently ; today ; tonight ; yet ; this week ; this year ; for + 表时间段的词 等包括现在在内的时间状语连用；7. 过去完成时的用法； in the last three years ; in the past three years ; so far ; up till now ; up to the present过去完成时表示动作发生在过去某个时间或动作之前,常用在以下句型中：1过去完成时 + before / when / by the time + 一般过去时2一般过去时+ after / until + 过去完成时+ than / when + 主语+ 一般过去时3主语+ 过去完成时+ by / up to / till + 过去时间4No sooner / Hardly / Scarcely + had + 主语 +过去分词5It is two years since I left middle school. 以现在为依据 6It was two years since I had left middle school. （以过去为依据）注： expect ; hope ; mean ; plan ; suppose ; think 的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现 的想法、期望、准备或意图；They had hoped to be able to get a ticket. I had thought to meet her there. 8. 时态的呼应 时态的呼应即时态的一样,是指在复合句中,某些从句谓语动词的时态常受到主句谓语动词时态的影响；1 主句谓语动词用现在或将来的时态时,从句谓语动词可以用任何所需时态；2 主句谓语动词是过去时态时,从句谓语动词一般须用过去的某种时态；a 从句与主句谓语动词动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时 He told me her son was watching TV. I thought he studied hard. b 从句谓语动词动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之后,从句须用过去将来时；They didn t know when they would go to the Great Wall. c 从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,从句须用过去完成时；但是,从句假如与某一详细的过去时间状语连用,尽名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载管谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,有时仍旧用一般过去时；She told me her brother died in 1960. （二）动词语态1 当句子主语是动作执行者时,谓语的形式用主动语态；主语是动作的承担者时,谓语用被动语态；构成为“ 助动词 be + 过去分词” ,时态通过 be 表现出来；时态 构成一般现在时 am / is / are + done 一般过去时 was / were + done 一般将来时 shall / will + be + done 过去将来时 should / would + be + done 现在进行时 am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时 was / were + being + done 现在完成时 have / has + been + done 过去完成时 had + been + done 将来完成时 shall / will + have + been + done 2. 被动语态的其它形式1 get+过去分词多用于非正式场合,强调动作 ,有时含有不开心、 不顺当的含义； 否定句和疑问句要借助助动词do 来构成；Did you get scolded last night. 2 become+过去分词 ,强调动作的全过程；He became seized with a deep sorrow. 3.一些特别的被动结构a 带情态动词的被动结构：情态动词 + be + done b 带不定式的被动结构为 to + be + done ；但主动形式表被动含义的情形许多：不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时；I have so much work to do tonight. 在 +形容词 +不定式结构中；典型的形容词有：heavy, safe, dangerous等；不定式与疑问代词连用easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, comfortable, 某些动词的不定式（to blame, to seek, to let）与 be 连用c 带复合宾语的动词在改被动时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语,宾语补足语保留在谓语后面；d 有些动词形式是主动结构,但表示被动的意思；这时主语通常是物；表主语内在“ 品质” 或“ 性能” 的不及物动词：look, shut, open, move, write, sell, wash, clean, burn, catch, draw, cut ；This kind of cloth washes well. Your pen writes quite smoothly. 某些表示“ 发生”happen, take place“ 爆发”break out“ 传播”spread的不及物动词；某些可用于“ 主 +谓 +主语补足语” 结构中的不及物动词；wear,blow 等；e 以下情形主动句不能改被动句谓语是及物动词：leave ; reach ; enter ; suit ; benefit ; lack. 谓语是不行以拆开的短语动词：take place ; lose heart ; belong to ; consist of 宾语是反身代词、相互代词、不定式、动名词、抽象名词等；f 汉语有一些句子不显现主语,在英语中一般用被动结构表示；It is said that . / It is hoped that . / It is supposed that . / It must be pointed out that . / It is well known that . / It will be said that . / It is generally considered that . / It is believed that . g 主动形式表被动含义：Something be worth/past/beyond/doing sth. compare: It is worthwhile doing something. something want/need/require/demand/call for/bear/deserve/ revolve doing 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4. 应留意的几个问题1否定被动句not 一般放在第一个助动词或情态动词的后面, 用 by；假如是材料就用in；假如是工2被动语态中的by sb.与 with sth. 被动语态中动作执行者一般不用表示；假如表示具就用 with ；The picture is painted by Li Ming . He was killed with a rock. 3被动语态与系表结构形式相像,但含义不同；This book is well written. This book was written by Lu Xun 才能训练1.It _this way. A. is had to do B. is had to be done C. has to be done D. has to do 2.The driver of the red car _when a black one came up very quickly. A. was just starting B. has just started C. would just start out D. is just starting out 3.My wife _me. A. has forever criticized B. forever criticize C. does forever criticize D. is forever criticizing 4.2000The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. travelled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 5. 2002The little girl _her heart out because she _her toy bear and believed she wasn ever going to find it. A. had cried ; lost B. cried ; had lost C. has cried ; has lost D. cries ; has lost 6. NEMT2003Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 7. I have no idea what _while I was asleep. A. happened B. had happened C. was happened D. has happened 8. -How are you today. -Oh, I _as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasn t feeling C. don t feel D. haven t felt9. When I got to the top of the mountain , the sun_. A. was shining B. shone C. has shone D. have shone 10. Ill go with you as soon as I_ my work. A. will finish B. shall finish C. finish D. finished 11. I need one more stamp before my collection_. A. is completed B. complete C. has been completed D. has completed 12. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he_ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 13. In some parts of the world, tea _with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 14. The pen I _I _is on my desk, right under my nose. A. think ; lost B. thought ; had lost C. think ; had lost D. thought ; have lost 15. -How long _each other before they _married. -For about a year. A. have they known ; get B. did they know ; were going to get C. do they know ; are going to get D. had they known ; got 16. My dictionary_. I have looked for it everywhere but still _it. 名师归纳总结 A. has lost ; dont find B. is missing ; dont find第 4 页,共 8 页C. has lost ; havent found D. is missing ; havent found17. I m sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all, I _here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 18. Do you like the material. -Yes, it _very soft. A. is feeing B. felt C. feels D. is felt - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载19. I dont really work here. I _until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 20. I _to watch the football match yesterday. But I couldnt get a ticket.A. would hope B. was hoping C. had hoped D. hoped 21. -Your phone number again. I _quite catch it. -It s 9568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. don t D. can t22. -_the sports meet might be put off. Yes it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. I m told D. I told23. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 24. I dont think Jim saw me, he _into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 25. -_my glasses. -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 26. Helen _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. A. had left ; comes B. left ; had come C. had left ; came D. had left ; would come 27. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _at a radio shop at the time. A. had worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 28. Who is Jerry Cooper. -_. I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don t you meet him yet B. Hadn t you met him yetC. Didn t you meet him yet D. Haven t you met him yet29. Alice, why didnt you come yesterday. -I_, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 30. Nancy is not coming tonight. But she_. A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 31. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to_. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out 32. They _the train until it disappeared in the distance. A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed 33. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 34. Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 35. The price_, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 36. Hey, look where you are going. -Oh, I m terribly sorry. _.A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice37. Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls. -Yes. They have better players, so I _them to win. A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want 38. Robert is said_ _abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 39. _him and then try to copy what he does. A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch 40. Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare-you must learn to_. 名师归纳总结 A. support B. care C. spare D. share 第 5 页,共 8 页41. Youve left the light on. Oh, so I have. _and turn it off A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. I m goi ng - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载42.He_to get full mark, but failed in the end. A. was trying B. tried C. was managing D. managed 43. A new play _at the theatre tomorrow. Would you like to see it. A. has been put on B. has put on C. is being put on D. will put on 44. I _ping- pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 45. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 46. As we joined the big crowd I got _from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 47. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not an easy task because technology _so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 48. We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it _very well. A. worked out B. tried out C. went out D. carried on 49. Great changes _in the city, and a lot of factories_. A. have been taken place ; have been set up C. have taken place ; have set up 50. The suits finished, _ it.B. have taken place ; have been set up D. were taken place ; were set up A. doesn t B. isnt C. hasn t D. has51. I promise that the matter will_. A.be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 52. Have you moved into the new house. -Not yet, rooms_. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 53. The surface of the table_ _smooth enough. A. hasn t felt B. doesn t feel C. isnt feeling D. isnt felt54. They _last week after they _several years. A. married ; had engaged C. married with each other ; had been engaged B. got married ; had been engaged D. were married ; had engaged 55. Such plants never _in this part of the world. A. have grown B. are