2022年英语延续性动词与非延续性动词.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. reach 学习必备欢迎下载arrive in / at be in / at come to 2. come out be out go 3. come be here 4. leave be away / from 5. join be a member of / be in the die be dead 6. 7. catch a cold have a cold 8. begin / start =be on 9. put on wear 10. buy have 11. borrow keep 12. become be 13. fall asleep be asleep 14. fall ill be ill sick sick 15. open be open 16. lose be lost 17. get to know begin to know 18. go to sleep/get to sleep=sleep 19. get up be up 20. close be closed 21. finish / end be over 22. move be out of 23. break be broken 24. marry be married 25. go be away 26. wake be awake 27. get to know - know, 28.wearput on 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 英语动词依据词义可分为两种,一种是连续性的学习必备欢迎下载,瞬时动词 ,或点动词 ,如,一种是终止性的,终止性动词也可称为非连续性动词begin,start,die,buy,leave, come 等 ,表示动作的发生与终止于一瞬时完成 ,不能再连续 , 所以它的现在完成时不能和表示连续的时间状语连用 ,即不能与表示一段时间的状语 ,for+ 时间段 , since+ 时间点 /从句连用 ,也不能用在 how long 引导的特别疑问句中 . eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.× I've been away from Shanghai for three days. .I left Shanghai three days ago. It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai. 常见终止性动词有 :leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become 等.终止性动词要表示连续时 , 可用以下方法 : .将时间状语改为时间段 + ago, 句中谓语动词用一般过去时 . eg. 我弟弟参军两年了 . My brother joined the army two years ago. .如保留 for+ 时间段 ,since+ 时间点 /从句 , 或用在 how long 句型中 ,就需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或连续性动词常见终止性动词与连续性动词 或状态动词 的对应关系如下come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away from buy-have fall asleep-be asleep end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years. My brother has been a soldier for two years 动词按其动作发生的方式,动作发生过程的长短,分为连续性动词和终止性动词；连续性动词表示的动词是一种连续的动作,这种动词可以连续下去或产生长久的影响；如：learn ,work,stand ,lie ,know,walk ,keep, have ,wait ,watch,sing ,read ,sleep ,live 等；终止性动词也称非连续性动词、瞬时动词,表示的动作不能连续,即动作发生立刻终止,产生某种结果；在有了某种结果之后,就不能再连续下去；如：put ,put on,get up,wake,fall give , jump , buy,borrow 等；leave ,start,set out ,arrive , reach ,get to ,begin , stop ,shut ,turn off ,marry ,join ,receive , finish,end,complete ,become,come,go,die ,close ,open,break ,1终止性动词的用法1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成,因此可用于现在完成时；如：The plane has arrived 飞机到了；I have finished my homework我已完成了作业；2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能连续,所以其现在完成时（只限于确定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用；如：他死了三年了；误：He has died for three yearsfor three years 他来这儿三个月了；误：he has come here for three months两句中的动词die 和 come都为终止性动词,它们可用于完成时,但不能同表示一段时间的状语months 连用；那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采纳以下方法：A用能够表示连续状态的相应的连续性动词替换句中的终止性动词；如：He has been dead for three yearsHe has been here for three months将短暂性动词改为相应的连续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有如下几种：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载a用相应的连续性动词替换的主要有：a cold ,get to know know 等；buyhave,borrow keep,come go becomebe,catch get a cold have bbe名词：join the Party Leaguebe a Party League member, go to school be a student ,join the armybe a soldier 等；cbe形容词副词： die be dead,leave be away（from ）,put on be on, finish endbe over , begin start be on,comebe her e in ,fall asleepbe asleep ,go out be out 等；dbe介词短语： go to schoolbe in at school,join the army be in the army 等；e去掉短语中的短暂性动词：get to know know,come to work work,begin to studystudy 等；B把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语,原动词的完成时改为过去时；如：He died three years ag oHe came here three months agoC用“It is has been 一段时间 since （一般过去时）” 结构；如：It is has been three years since he diedIt is has been three months since he came hereD用“ 多长时间has passed since （一般过去时）” 结构；如：Three years has passed since he diedThree months has passed since he came here3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已成为一种可以连续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用；如：到 untilI haven't heard from him for two weeks我已两个星期没收到他的信了；He hasn't left here since 1990自从 1990 年以来,他始终没有离开过这儿；4）终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用,构成“not until” 结构,意为“ 直到 才 ” ,表示这个动作直所表达的时间到来时才发生；如：We won't go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城；When did you go to bed last night？昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的？I didn't go to bed until my father got home直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉；5）在 while （表示“ 一段时间” ）引导的从句中,不能用终止性动词,但when可以,由于when可表示“ 时间的点” ,也可表示“ 一段时间” ；如：名师归纳总结 误： While I got to the village, it was dark第 3 页,共 4 页正： When I got to the village,it was dark6）终止性动词确定式的完成时不能和how long 连用；如：误： How long have you borrow the book？可改用连续性动词或与when连用的一般过去时；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 正： How long have you kept the book？学习必备欢迎下载正： When did you borrow the book？2连续性动词的用法1）连续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用；如：I have waited for him for nearly two hours我等他快两个小时了；2）终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用；同样,连续性动词也不能和表示短临时间的时间点连用；如：误： It rained at eight yesterday morningrain 为连续性动词,而 at eight 是表示时间点的状语,明显冲突；假如要用连续性动词表示一瞬时的行为,可以借助come,get , begin 等终止性动词来表达；上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning3）在 until 引导的时间状语从句中,如主句的谓语动词是连续性动词,既可以用确定形式,也可以用否定形式,但句子含义不同；试比较：She listened to the radio until her father came backShe didn't listen to the radio until her father came back她始终听收音机到她父亲回来；直到她父亲回来才听收音机；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页