2022年英语级考试重点 .pdf
英语是一个重结构的语言,要求句子必须符合句法结构的要求。用来规定句法结构的一些原则也就是我们常说的语法。英语中的语法条文比较多,总的来说可分为两大类,即词法和句法。具体说来,有情态动词的用法,形容词和副词的比较级用法,非谓语动词的用法,时态和语态,定语从句,状语从句,虚拟语气,名词性从句,倒装,强调与并列,主谓一致等。经过统计,95年1月到2000年6月,仅词汇和句法部分对语法的考查就有 190题,占 52.8%,其中以非谓语动词、虚拟语气、时态/语态、状语从句和定语从句考查最多。今天这一讲我们重点讲时态/语态、虚拟语气和各种从句,下一讲重点讲非谓语动词等。一、时态和语态英语中共有 16个时态,最常用的是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在和过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。但从95年以来的考题统计来看, 15个时态考题中将来完成最多,占3题,时态考查的次序依次为将来完成时- 过去完成时 - 现在完成进行时 - 现在完成时 - 一般将来 - 一般过去。先看以下各题:Test Yourself:1) My train arrives in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I wouldlike to take from there _ by then.(1999.1) A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left2) She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long.(2000.1)A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read3) May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight?(2000.6)名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - Im sorry. Mr. Williams _ to a conference long before then.A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. hasgone4) Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _today and are beingmodified by the work of scientists of our time.(1997.1)A. are to challenge B. may be challenged C. have been challenged D. are challenged5) Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for allplanes to land for refueling. (1996.6)A. would be B. has been C. had been D. would have been6) He came back late, _ which time all the guest had already left.(1999.6)A. after B. by C. at D. during7) Until then, his family _from him for six months. (1997.1)A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hasnt heard D. hadntheardExplanation and ExpansionA:参考答案: 1)B 2)A 3)A 4)C 5)C 6)B 7)DB:评析:1) 以上各题都与完成时有关,完成时态用来表示到某一个时间为止已经完成的动作或某个状态/动作一直持续到某个时间。如果时间为过去,则用过去完成时,即表示过去的过去,如5)和7)。2) 如果表示到将来某个时间为止已经完成的动作,则用将来完成时,如1)和3),再如:名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - Its reported that by the end of the month the output of cement in the factory_ about 10%.A. will have risen B. has risenC. will be rising D. has been rising3) 而现在完成时表示到目前为止某个动作已经结束,对现在有影响,如4)。从下文中的 正在修改 可以判断人们已经对牛顿的观点提出挑战,而不是将要提出挑战或者可能提出挑战,由此可以判断应该用现在完成时。4) 与现在完成时不同,现在完成进行时则表示某个动作从过去持续到现在,并且仍在进行,如2)。头疼的原因是看书时间太长。本题可以用现在完成时,但不会是过去完成时,选项B不对,一般现在时表示经常发生的动作,与这里的头疼不能构成直接的因果关系,由于时间状语表示的是一段时间,有不可能是现在进行时,所以这里只能用现在完成进行时。C完成时态使用注意事项 完成时的时间状语一般表示到 为止,以by 短语居多。如果句中的时间状语是由 by引出的短语或从句,谓语动词一般是用完成时态,如:By the time we got there, the fire had already been put out.Well have completed the task by the time you come back. 在完成时态中,终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,而表示状态或动作持续的谓语动词必须与表示一段时间的状语连用。The conference _ a full week by the time it endsA. must have lasted B. will have lastedC. would last D. has lasted (1997.1)名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - It seems oil _ form this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machineapart to put it right.A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking (1997.6)这两题中都有表示动作持续的一段时间,应该用完成时态。但是,如果只表示状态已经存在,则不能用完成时态,如:By then, he knew what he waned to be when he grew up. 完成时可以用来表示量的积累。 对于完成时的考查有两种,一种是时态本身的选择,另一种是根据时态选择时间状语,如6)。从句时态为过去完成时,表示等到他回来,客人都已经离开了,与完成时态连用的,表示到为止的应该是介词 by。Test Yourself刚才我们看了完成时态的考查,现在我们一块来看以下其它时态,请先试做以下各题:1) Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisementsshowing happy, balanced families.A. are often seeing B. often see C. will often see D. have oftenseen (1995.6)2) While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it isunlikely that television _ the newspaper completely.A. replaced B. have replaced C. replace D. will replace(1995.6)3) Im sorry I cant see you immediately; but if youd like to take a seat, Ill bewith you _.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - A. for a moment B. in a moment C. for the moment D. at themoment (1999.1)4) If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her untilshe _.A. does B. has done C. will do D. would do (1998.6)Explanation and ExpansionA. 参考答案: 1)C 2) D 3) B 4) AB. 评析从以上各题可以看到,在解时态考题时应注意一下几点: 结合形容词选择时态,如2)。从 unlikely 一词可以看出从句表示的是将来不大可能发生的事情,自然用一般将来时。类似的形容词还有possible, probable, impossible等。 根据时态判断时间状语。如3)。谓语动词为将来时态,说明时间应该是 in a moment,表示我一会就去见你。for a moment同样可以与将来时态连用,但表示的是与某人一块待一小会,这样就与上文的 I cantsee you immediately意思上冲突。 注意句型对时态的要求,如1)。该句型中祈使句表示一种条件,第二个分句中一般要用will 表示在这种条件下可能发生的事情。但是,本题中 often的使用可能会造成一定的迷惑。这就要求考生对各种时态的表达方式,以及其作用了解清楚。Will 可以表示习惯。 注意时间、条件和让步状语从句中时态的运用。一般在时间、条件和让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来,用一般过去时表示过去将来,用现在完成时表示将来完成,用过去完成名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 时表示过去将来完成。如4)。在如:He promised to send me an email as soon as he got there.No one is to leave the room until he has done the task.但注意特殊句型中的时态,如:hardly/scarcely whenno sooner than Hardly had I put down the receiver when the telephone rang again.No sooner had they got to know the news than they went to the bar to enjoy adrink.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -