2022年英语学习--情态动词have过去分词.docx
精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载情态动词 have 过去分词英语中,表示对过去某种情形进行估计或对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行估计,常用情态动词must, may, might, can, could, should, ought to, wouldhave过去分词表示；一般来说,说话人的语气或估计的把握程度不同,使用 的情态动词也不同；现分述如下：1. musthave过去分词：表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行估计；只用于确定的陈述句中 在否定句及疑问句中用can ,意思是 "肯定已经 "；例如：If he had really been there, I must have seen him. 假如他当时的确在那里,我肯定会观察他；Her watch must have stopped. I will go and call her. 她的表准是停了；我去叫她；2. maymighthave过去分词： 表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行不愿定的估计,即说话人认为过去某事发生的可能性或某状态存在的可能性一般；可用于确定句 意思是 "可能已经 "和否定句 意思是 "可能没有 "；might的语气没有 may那么确定；例如：She may have read the book. 她可能已经看过这本书了；He might not have got your letter. 他或许没有收到你的来信；3. cancouldhave过去分词：表示对过去某种行为或存在的状态的怀疑或不愿定估计； can常用于否定句 意思是 "不行能已经 "和疑问句； could除用于否定句及疑问句外 ,仍可用于确定句 意思是 "那时可能 ;原来可以 "；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Don't worry-they could have just forgotten to phone. 别担忧 -他们很可能只是忘了打电话；Where can he have gone. 他可能去哪里了呢 . 4. needhave过去分词：该句式常用于否定句,表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情或过去做某事纯属余外,含有 可用于疑问句；例如："根本不必；原来不必 "之意,也You needn't have told them that. 你没有必要告知他们那个；Need they have done it last week. 他们上周做这事有必要吗 . 5. shouldought tohave过去分词：确定式表示 "过去本应做某事 但没做"；否定式表示 "过去不该做某事 但做了 "；该句式含有不满或批评之意；例如：You're right. I should have thought of that. 你说得对；我应当想到那点 但没想到 ；She ought to have been more careful. 她本该更当心些；6. wouldhave过去分词：表示过去原来要做某事却因某种缘由未做,通常用来说明某种情形,但不像用should或 ought to那样含有批评之意；例如：I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill. 我原来要早点给你写信,但我生病了；If I had seen the advertisement I would have applied for the job. 我要是观察那个广告了,我就申请那份工作了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载从 A、B、C、D 中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案；1. John _ a better job, but he was too careless. A. should do B. must have done C. could do D. could have done 2. I don't know why he is late. Nor do I. He _ have had an accident. A. can B. shouldC. mightD. must 3. The playground is all wet. It _ rained last night. A. had B. can have C. should have D. must have 4. It's already eleven o'clock. He _ to bed. A. must have gone B. must go C. should have gone D. can't have gone 5. Who told you my address. I don't remember clearly. It _ Tom. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 It _ Tom. He doesn't know it. A. may have been; can't be B. can be; mustn't be C. must have been; can't have been D. may have been; mustn't have been 6. John passed the exam. He didn't study very hard. The exam _ difficult. A. can't have been B. must have been C. couldn't be D. might have been 7. We _ have hurried. We had to wait twenty minutes before the meeting began. A. needn't B. should C. must D. couldn't 8. Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident. Yes, but I _ have told her. A. should B. shouldn't C. must D. ought to not 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载9. She _ have gone to college, but she didn't pass the exam. A. might B. wouldC. must D. need 10. He must have seen the inspector last night, _ he. A. mustn't B. hasn't C. didn't D. doesn't 【答案与简析】1. D；依据后面的 but he was too careless,说明约翰的工作原来可以做得更好表示一种可能性 ,但是他太马虎了；假如用 是他太马虎了；不合规律；B:约翰的工作确定做得更好,但2. C；由 Nor do I可知,说话者对他为何迟到没有把握；指没有把握的估计一般用 may/mighthave过去分词表示, 而 canhave过去分词一般用于否定句或疑问句,故可排除 A；3. D；备选项 B 常用于否定句或疑问句,故可排除；备选项 C 通常有批评的语气,在此不合题意；备选项D 表示一种有把握的估计,符合The playground is all wet这一前提；4. A；由前句的 "现在已经十一点钟了 ",说明现在很晚了,故备选项 A 他肯定已经睡觉了 符合题意；而备选项 已经睡觉了 均不合题意；D他不行能已经睡觉了 和备选项 C他原来5. A；由 I don't remember clearly 可以看出,说话者对所发生的事情不太有把握,故第一空用 may have been表示不愿定的估计；由He doesn't know it可知 ,该名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载说话者对前一位的估计予以否定,故其次空填 示估计时一般用于确定句,故可排除 D；can't be,表示 "不行能 "；must表6. A；既然约翰学习不是很努力,也能通过考试,说明那次考试 "不行能很难",应选 A 符合题意；7. A；我们到达开会的地方等了二非常钟才开头开会,说明我们来开会的时候匆忙是 "不必要的 ",应选 A；needn't have done sth. 表示过去不必做某事 但做了 ；8. B；玛丽现在很哀痛, 是由于我把那次事故告知了她；假如我当时没有告诉她,她现在就不会哀痛了；言外之意是：我当时不该告知她那次事故；指过去不该做某事 但却做了 ,常用 should not/ought not tohave过去分词表示；9. B；她原来可以上高校的, 但她没有通过考试； wouldhave过去分词表示过去原来要做某事,却因某种缘由而未做成；10. C；含 must have done句式的反意疑问句, 如陈述部分含表示过去时间的状语,反意疑问部分用过去式；此题有过去时间状语last night,应选 C；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页
