2022年职称英语考试试题理工类SolarPowerwithoutSolarCells.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 20XX 年职称英语考试试题理工类：Solar Power without Solar Cells 导语： 元宵以后, 20XX 年职称英语考试 时间立刻要来到！在历年的 职称英语 考试中,专家进行分析, 每年考试阅读中有很部分题目是来自 职称英语考试教材；为此, 小编为考生 祝学 整理了一些理工类教材里面的重点 职称英语考试试题 供考生参考, 期望对考生有帮忙！习开心！Solar Power without Solar CellsA dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1 researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells. The researchers found a way to make an "optical 1 ," said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics. Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the 2 of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than 3 expected. 4 these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect. "This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation," Rand said. "In solar cells, the 5 goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load2. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment3. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power 6."What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of "optical rectification4," says William Fisher, a doctoral student5 in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light's electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling 7 of the positive and negative charges6 in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to 8 in a battery. Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the light's magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through7 a 9 that does not 10 electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter8. Sunlight isn't this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said. "In our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light9 like sunlight is theoretically almost as. 11 in producing charge separation as laser light is," Fisher said. This new 12 could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in 13 solar power to useable energy. That's equivalent to today's commercial-grade solar cells. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - "To manufacture 14 solar cells, you have to do extensive semiconductor processing," Fisher said. "All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for 15 . It's already made in bulk10, and it doesn't require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better." 词汇：optical / '.ptik.l / adj 光学的 incoherent /, ink.uhi.r.nt/ adj非相干的capacitive / k.'p.sitiv/ adj. 电容（量）的 semiconductor /,semik.n n半导体rectification /, rektifi'kei.n/ n改正,修正 ceramics / si' r.miks n陶瓷注释：1.University of Michigan：密歇根高校；建校于1817 年,是美国名列前茅的公立高校,拥有优良的师资和顶尖的商学院、法学院、医学院和工学院；2. heat load：热负荷3. magnetic moment：磁矩4. optical rectification ：光学校正5. doctoral student：博士生6. positive and negative charges：正电荷与负电荷7. shone through：shone是 shine 的过去式； shine through 是“ （光）通过 ”；8. an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter 9. incoherent light ：非相干光：每平方厘米一千万瓦特的强度10.It's already made in bulk ：它（指玻璃）已大量生产；in bulk 是“ 大量,成批 ”；练习：1.A microscope B instrument C fiber D battery 2. A modifications B effects C applications D results 3. A frequently B privately C previously D formally 4.A Under B At C On D Over 5.A light B electricity C chemical D magnetism 6.A plant B equipment C source D line 7.A down B up C together D apart 8. A this B that C those D it 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 9. A material B lens C meter D detector 10.A produce B convey C use D conduct 11.A remote B poor C effective D rare 12.A prototype B skill C technique D miracle 13.A converting B obtaining C delivering D transmitting 14.A compact B modern C durable D handy 15. A others B some C all D both 答案与题解：1.D 第一段说密歇根高校发觉,光所产生的庞大磁效应有望用于太阳能发电,从而取代传统的半导体太阳能电池；因此此题的正确选项应当是battery；optical battery 是“ 光电池 ”；optical microscope （光学显微镜） 、optical instrument （光学仪器） 或 optical fiber （光 纤）与第一段的意思没有联系；2.B 挑选此题的答案的依据仍是要回到第一段；第一段第一句的起始词语是“A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light" ；本篇文章中心议题是用magnetic effect of light 开发新型的太阳能电池；而以前的科学家认为 magnetic effect of light 太柔弱,不值得去关注它；因此,此题选 effects 与上下文的意思很连贯；3. C 本句的意思是：当光通过一种绝缘材料时,光场产生的磁效应比以前想象的要强一亿倍； previously 是当然的挑选； 其他三个选项填入句子中,繁地） /privately （私下地） /formerly （正式地） expected；意思不合规律： frequently（频4. A under these circumstances 是固定词组,意为“在这种情形下 ” ；也可以说in these circumstances ,而 at、on 或 over 都不与 circumstances 连用；5.A 通篇文章谈的是光产生的磁效应,所以在太阳能电池中,当然是光进入某种材料起作用；答案是选项A ；6. C 密歇根高校的科学家发觉太阳光产生剧烈的磁效应,再转换为电,所以磁效应是产生电的源泉 （source）；power plant （发电厂）、power equipment （电力设备） 或 power line （输电线）与上文的意思接不上；7.D or 在本句的意思是“ 即” ,后面的词语是说明专业术语 charge separation （电荷分离）；选 apart 与 pushing 构成 pushing apart；pushing apart 的意思相当于 separation；所以本题的答案是 D；8. B 从上下文判定,要填人的代词是替代前面的voltage；依据英语语法,替代单数名词的代词要用 that ,替代复数名词的代词要用 those；voltage 是单数,所以 that 是答案；9.A 从本句句末的 such as glass 判定,要填入的词肯定是包括 glass 的概括词；因此,只有选项 material 符合这个条件； 而且第三、 四段也都提到光磁场效应是由光通过一个不导名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 电的材料（material ）而产生的；10.D 答案的依据可以在第三段中找到；原句是："What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected. 选项 conduct 是答案；11.C 激光通过特定材料时能产生charge separation ；密歇根高校科学家发觉,阳光通过特定材料时也像激光一样能产生 charge separation；假如 charge separation 是 remote、 poor 或 rare,密歇根高校科学家所说的利用光磁场效应开发新型的太阳能电池就不行能成立；所以答案是 effective ；12.C 说这种样机（this prototype ）、技巧（this skill ）或这一奇迹（this miracle ）能降低太阳能的价格,好像离题太远；只有用这一技术（意思才精确；因此此题答案是 technology ；this technology ）概括上一段的13.A 科学家猜测,通过改进材料,可使太阳能转化成可用能源的效率达到 10%；此题的答案是 converting ；而 obtaining（得到）、delivering （输送）和 量转换 ”挂不上号；transmitting （发射）与 “ 能14. B 通篇文章没有谈到新型太阳能电池是 compact（紧凑小型的） 、durable（耐用的）或 handy（使用便利的） ,所以不会是答案；选 发的不用半导体的太阳能电池是先进的；modern 是合理的,由于密歇根高校科学家研15.D 答案是 both,指代的是上一句的“to focus the light and a fiber to guide it这两点；”举荐阅读：目前 职称英语 考试报名工作各地已经终止,各地考试报名订购的教材也在间续发放领取,点击此处进入职称英语考试用书领取通知汇总>>为了让广大考生有更充分的时间备考,职业培训训练网“ 20XX年职称英语考试网上辅导” 现已全面招生,自付费之日起可不限时间、次数重复点播学习,直到当期考试终止后一 周关闭,机会难得,欲报从速！20XX 年职称英语考试网上辅导课程已经全面改版,荣耀升级高清视频逼真课堂模式,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 让学员学习起来更真实,更清楚,更便利！欢迎体验 >>名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页