2019-2020同步人教英语选修九新突破讲义：Unit 2 Section Ⅱ　Language Points .doc

Section Language Points(Warming Up，Prereading, Reading & Comprehending) (教材P12)We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ships position on a map.我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。(1)【要点提炼】句中的it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to plot a ships position on a map。Even now I find it hard to believe her story.即使现在我发现仍很难相信她的话。一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是：动词it宾语补足语真正宾语。I thought it strange that she hadnt written.她没有写信，我感到奇怪。George made it clear what he wanted.乔治说得很明白他想要什么。翻译句子我认为你最好待在这儿。 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 【答案】I think it best that you should stay here.We really appreciate it when she offered to help.(2)may well 很可能You might well find that youll need more by the weekend.到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。may/might well很可能may/might as well 最好；不妨If that is the case，we may as well try.如果情况是这样，我们不妨试一试。There is nothing to do，so I may as well go to bed.没什么事可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。完成句子你可能会发现书的结尾部分比开头部分好得多。You that the end of the book is better than the beginning.既然他意识到了他的错误，我还是帮帮他吧！Since he has realized he is wrong，I 【答案】might well findmay as well help him (教材P12)The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.17世纪以前人们的航海记录显示，即使没有现代航海技术的帮助，旅行者们也不是任凭海洋摆布的。(1)at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布Gone are the days when we were at the mercy of the weather.我们靠天吃饭的日子一去不复返了。show mercy to sb.对某人表示怜悯have mercy on/upon 对表示怜悯without mercy 残忍地merciful adj. 宽恕的；仁慈的They showed no mercy to their hostages.他们对人质丝毫不讲仁慈。They are praying God to have mercy on them.他们正在祈祷上帝的怜悯。完成句子她任凭残酷的丈夫摆布。She was her cruel husband.这位君主毫不留情地把他的意志强加于人民。The Prince would work his will on the people 他依旧心情很平静并怜悯夏洛克。He was calm enough to Shylock.【答案】at the mercy ofwithout mercyhave mercy on(2)【要点提炼】句中even though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”。Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。Even though he is poor，she loves him.即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。even though even if用作连词，引导让步状语从句；as though/if用作连词，引导状语从句，意为“好像”；even so 用作副词，意思是“尽管这样/那样，即便如此”。He went out even though/if it was raining.尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。There are a lot of spelling mistakes，even so, its quite a good essay.尽管有许多拼写错误，它仍不失为一篇佳作。完成句子我不喜欢吃菠菜，虽然我知道它对我有好处。I dont like spinach I know its good for me.厨房看上去好像重新漆过一样。The kitchen looks its been repainted.【答案】even though/ifas though/if horizon n地平线；眼界；范围(教材P12)At the North Pole the North Star is at its highest position in the sky，but at the equator it is along the horizon.在北极，北极星在天空的最高位置；而在赤道，北极星却靠着地平线。The sun appeared above the horizon.太阳出现在地平线上。on the horizon 在地平线上；很可能即将发生below the horizon 在地平线下broaden ones horizons 开阔眼界；拓宽视野Harbour lights were blinking on the horizon.海港的灯火在地平线上闪烁着。The sun sets below the horizon.太阳落在地平线下面。完成句子一艘轮船出现在地平线上。A ship appeared 她想旅行，以开阔眼界。She wanted to travel to 【答案】on the horizonbroaden her horizons nowhere adv.无处(教材P12)Seabirds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen.在看不见陆地的时候，可以用海鸟来指明通往陆地的去路。This kind of forest exists nowhere else in the world.在世界其他地方找不到这样的森林。nowhere near离远；根本不nowhere else 没有别的地方nowhere to be seen/found不可能找到(或看见)Its nowhere near the colour Im looking for.这种颜色跟我找的那种差远了。We went to the museum and nowhere else.我们到博物馆去了，其他什么地方也没去。The children were nowhere to be seen.根本看不到孩子们在哪儿。【提示】nowhere置于句首，句子用部分倒装。完成句子你在其他任何地方都找不到这么好的书。Nowhere else find such a good book.这个年轻女孩去任何地方都有监护人跟着。The young girl would without her chaperon.【答案】will yougo nowhere be tied to 被拴在上；被束缚于(教材P13)The rope was tied to a log which was then thrown into the sea.把这根绳子系在圆木上，然后抛到海里。That mad man had to be tied to a chair，for he had hurt several persons.那个疯子不得不被绑在椅子上，因为他已经伤了好几个人。tie up with和有密切关系tie up 系紧，包装tie down 扎牢，扎紧，束缚，限制tie in(with) 使联系(配合)，使相符Can you tie up this parcel for me?你能替我捆好这个包裹吗？She is tied down at home with the children sick.由于孩子们病了，她只得留在家里。用tie的适当短语完成下列句子His boat a big tree near the bank.I dont want myself to coming back on a particular date.Her behaviour her feelings of guilt.【答案】was tied toto tie；downis tied up with the number of.的数量(教材P13)The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour.在一定时间内计算出有多少个结，他们就可以计算出船只每小时航行多少英里的速度。The number of fish in coastal waters has decreased.沿海鱼的数量已经减少了。明辨异同the number of/a number ofthe number of表示“的数量”。作主语的中心词时，谓语动词用单数形式，of后跟可数名词的复数形式。a number of表示“若干的；一些”。起修饰作用，a number of复数可数名词作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式。The number of tigers has reduced abruptly in the last fifty years.在过去的五十年里，老虎的数目锐减。A number of satellites are now circling the earth.一些人造卫星现在正环绕地球运行。选词填空(the number of/a number of) your fingers is ten. world famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.【答案】The number ofA large number of reference n参考(教材P13) However，it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.但是它不容易使用，因为其参照点之一就是行驶中的船本身。This reference book is very useful to our study.这本参考书对我们的研究很有用。make reference to.说到；提到for reference 作为参考/查阅in/with reference to 关于refer to 参考；涉及；指的是All such books were bought for reference.所有这些书都是为参考而买的。I am writing with reference to your last letter.我正就你上一次的来信作答。完成句子他没提到他昨天出了什么事。He to what happened to him yesterday.我记下他的电话号码以备将来用。I put down his telephone number 刚才提到的那个人是著名演员邓超。The man just now is a famous actor called Deng Chao.【答案】made no referencefor future referencereferred to rather than 而不是(教材P13) It measured how high stars were above the horizon using a quarter circle rather than the full circle of the astrolabe.它利用1/4圆周而不是整个圆来测量星星在水平线上的高度。These are political rather than social matters.这是政治问题而不是社会问题。He runs after fame rather than wealth.他追求名而不追求利。prefer to do .rather than do.宁可做而不愿意做would do .rather than do. would rather do sth.than do .宁可做而不愿意做I prefer to eat snack when Im travelling rather than have .我旅行时喜欢吃小吃而不吃正餐。They would rather go fishing than stay at home.They would go fishing rather than stay at home.他们宁愿去钓鱼，也不愿待在家里。【提示】rather than 后接不定式时，不定式不带to。完成句子她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。Shed die lose the children.是你而不是我要去野营。You I are going to go camping.他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。 the vegetables to go bad，he sold them at half price.【答案】rather；thanrather thanRather than allow tendency n趋向；倾向(教材P13)The sextant was the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes.六分仪是方位圆和象限仪的改进版，它减少了出差错的可能性。He has a tendency towards pessimism.他有悲观的倾向。have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事；往往会做某事have a tendency to/towards有倾向tend v. 趋向；易于；照顾tend to do sth. 往往会做某事tend to/towards sth. 有的趋势tend to sb./sth. 照顾某人/某事Boys have a stronger tendency to fight than girls.男孩子比女孩子更爱打架。Streams tend to meander through level land.河流流经平地时有蜿蜒曲折的倾向。完成句子鲍勃有爱夸张的倾向。Bob exaggerate things.有一种地区性合作的趋势。There is a tendency regional cooperation.我往往更喜欢在海滨度假。I prefer to have a holiday at the seaside.【答案】has a tendency totowards/totend to reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的(教材P13)It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments.在这些早期的航海仪器中，它被证明是最精确和最可靠的一种。You cannot put all your hopes on him；he is not a reliable man.你不能将你的希望都寄托在他身上，他并非一个可靠的人。rely on sb.to do sth.信任/依靠某人干某事rely on sb.doing sth. 指望某人干某事rely on sb.for sth. 在某方面指望某人Dont rely on him to do anythinghes just a talker.什么事都不要靠他，他光会说空话。They rely on the countryside for their livelihood.他们在乡下谋生计。完成句子她迟钝是迟钝，但无论如何她很可靠。She may be slow but at least shes 你不要指望你父母永远支持你。You cant always your parents you forever.在穿着方面，吉姆一直靠妻子指点。Jim always his wife advice on clothes.【答案】reliablerely on；supportingrelies on；for