2022年高三定语从句考点归纳.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思高三定语从句考点归纳定语从句又称为形容词性从句,引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：who, whom, that, which, as, whose等和关系副词when, where, why 等,关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语 , 表语,定语等；关系副词就在从句中充当状语； 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,关键是看有无逗号把先行词与定语从句分开；如有,是非 限定性定语从句,此时关系词不能省略；如 无,就是限定性定语从句；综观历年高考试 题,我们可以发觉该语法项目是测试中的热 点与难点； 为了便于同学们复习该语法点时 有所侧重,本文拟就其考点作以归纳；一、考查几组关系词异同1. 考查先行词是物时,关系代词 which, that 充当主语或宾语异同： 在限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语关系代词which, that一般可以互换, 关系代词作宾语时仍可以省 略；（ 1）which 用于以下情形： I 假如引导的是非限定性定语从句; （II ）关系代名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思词充当介词的宾语, 且介词位于关系代词之前; （III）先行词本身是 that 等；（ 2）that 用于以下情形： I 先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词；（II ）先行词被 all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；（III）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；（IV ）先行词被the only, the very 正是、恰是 ,the last修饰；（ V）先行词中既有人也有物；（VI）在 which 或 who的特别疑问句中含有定语从句等；另外需要留意：先行词是the way ,并在定语从句充当状语时,关系代词用 that或省略,如用 which, 其前加介词 in ； 典型考题 （09 江西）The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which （ 07 年浙江） Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B. which C. who D. where 04 湖北 What surprised me was not what he said but _he said it. 名师归纳总结 Athe way B in the way that Cin the way D the way which 第 2 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（ 10 全国） I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone else s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 解析： B；该题考查的是定语从句中关系代词前的介词位于谓语动词之后,关系代词可以省略,定语从句补充完整为：which/that I grew up in,修饰先行词 the house ；如挑选 D 项,应当用 in which I grew up B；先行词 Chans restaurant 在非限制性定语从句充当 used to be poorly run 的主语,故用 which ； A；在 not but 结构中,前后应一样,因 but 之前是名词性从句,故其后也应当是名词性从句或与之相对的名词等,又因 the way 在该定语从句充当方式状语,所以关系词用 that, in which 或省略,应选 the way ； B；不定代词 something 在定语从句作主语,用 that 引导；2. 考查先行词是人,关系代词 who,whom,that 充当主语或宾语异同：在限定性定语从句中充当主语一般用 who,that ；充当宾语时三者可以互换或关系代词仍可以省略；以下情形用 who 或 whom: I 在非限定性定语从句中, 先行词是人, 并在从句中充当主语,关系代词用 who,充当宾语, 用 whom或 who口语中 ,（II ）先行词是人,介词后的宾语 , 只能用 whom等； 典型考题 （ 06 北京） Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. C. who ; who D. 不填 ; 不A. who ; 不填 B. 不填 ; who 填（ 10 浙江） The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. Awhom B which C them D those 解析： C；两处都是考查定语从句,并且都是关系代词充当主语,第一个空格前的 women是其后的定语从句的先行词,并在从句中充当主语,其次个空格前的 those 指代的是 women,是其后的定语从句的先行词,并在从句中充当主语,故前后两空都用 who； A；在非限定性定语从句中表示人的先行词“ 1,000 people ” 充当介词 of 的宾语,故用 whom；3. 先行词是人时,关系代词 which 与 who/whom在定语从句的区分：关系代词 which 引导定语从句,并在从句中作表语或补足语时,其先行词可以是表示人的职业、身份、性格、才能等,但这里的人不是指详细的人；而who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语（口语）,whom在定语从句中只作宾语,who或 whom代的先行词是详细的人的名词或代词； 典型考题 （ 05 湖北） Her sister has become a lawyer, _she wanted to be. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Awho Bthat C what D which 07 北京We shouldn t spend our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy.A. that B. which C. what D. whom 解析： D；此处的 lawyer 从表面看指的是人,但实际上是人的职业,并在非限制性定语从句充当 be动词的表语；故用 which ； D；先行词 people 在非限制性定语从句充当介词 of 的宾语,故用 whom；4. 关系代词 whose 与 which 在定语从句作定语的区分：在“ （介词）+关系代词 +名词” 中,关系代词作定语, 一般多用 whose（即指人, 也指物）； 但如名词是 case, point, reason, fact, situation, time等抽象名词用来总结整个主句的情形或句子的部分内容时,作定语的关系代词用which,结构常见于“ 介词+关系代词 +名词” ；另外需要留意：物作定语时,whose+名词 =the + 名词 +of+which 或 of+which +the+名词； 典型考题 名师归纳总结 05 重庆 Mark was a student at this University from 1999 to 2003, he studied very 第 4 页,共 13 页hard and was made chairman of the students Union.A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time （ 10 山东） Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What 08 陕西 The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 解析： A ；此题考查在定语从句中during which time表示“ 在 1999 至 2003 期间” ； C；空格处所选的词应当是引导定语从句并且在从句中作parts的定语,所以使用whose；whose parts=the parts of which或 of which the parts； D；先行词 watch 与定语从句中the hands构成从属关系,故结构为：the hands of which或 of which the hands或 whose hands ；5. 考查关系代词which 与 as 引导非限定性定语从句的异同；两者都可并指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,在从句中做主语、宾语等,位于主句之后；（ 1）以下情形多用which: I 在非限制性定语从句作主语时谓语动词是连系动词之外的行为动词；（II ）非限制性定语从句用以对主句的意义进行补充,前后不一样,出乎意料的；（III）非限定性定语从句的关系代词紧跟在介词后面充当介词的宾语等；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（2）以下情形用as: I 在主句之前或插入主句之中用as；（ II ）表“ 犹如 那样,依据,正如” 含义,这里的 as 主要起与上下文联系的作用,表达说话人的看法,并指出内容、出处和依据等,常用的结构有 as we know 众所周知 , as often happens 正如常发生的那样 , as is often the case（情形经常如此）, as is+announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported 正如所 等； 典型考题 （ 10 四川） After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decisionAthat Bwhich C when D where 06 江苏 The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. A. who B. that C. as D. which 04 江苏 _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 00 北京春招 The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadn't expected. A. when B. that C. which D. what which 代替前面整个句子；D；从句中的谓解析： B；此处应为which 引导的非限制性定语从句,语动词 meant 是非连系动词的行为动词,故用which ； D；关系代词在非限制性定语从句指代后面一个句子,且在此从句中充当主语,故用 As； C；关系代词在非限制性定语从句指代前面一个句子,并在从句充当宾语,由从句可知,前面一件事是出人意料,并作 expected 的宾语,故用 which ；6. 考查关系代词与关系副词 where,when,why 的区分及关系副词相互之间的区分：（1）可以用关系副词 where 代替 in which/on which/to which 等表示地点的状语,常见表地点的名词既有“ 详细” 的（如：place,school,family 等）也有“ 抽象” 的（如：point,situation,career,activity,job,stage ,scene等）；（ 2）可以用关系副词 when代替 on which/in which/at which/during which 等表示时间的状语,常见表时间的名词既有“ 详细” 的（如：days,time 等）也有“ 抽象” 的（如：stay,occasion 等）；（ 3）可以用关系副词 why 代替 for which 表示缘由的状语（非限定性定语从句常用 for which）,此时其先行词常是 reason ；但需要留意的是：如表示时间、地点或缘由的先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语时,只能用关系代词 which,that 或关系代词的省略形式（作宾语）； 典型考题 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（ 10 福建） Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose （09 四川）Shell never forg et her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 02 上海春招 Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work. A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 解析： B；先行词 planet 在从句中做地点状语,用关系副词 where 或 in which ； D；her stay 为先行词,可以懂得为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间）,when指代 her stay 在定语从句中做时间状语；A；先行词虽然是 reason, 但在从句中充当 explained 的宾语,而非在从句中充当缘由状语,故用 he explained, 省略了作宾语的关系代词；二、考查定语从句中的“ 介词 +关系代词” 结构1、考查该结构中关系代词的选用；如介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人经常用 whom,指物经常用 which ； 典型考题 （ 09 海南） She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these ed light green, is really （ 10 江苏） The newly built café , the walls of_ are painta peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 解析： C；在定语从句中代替先行词 friends 作介词 of 的宾语；故用关系代词 whom； D；在定语从句中先行词 the newly built caf é 作介词 of 的宾语；故用关系代词 whom；2、考查该结构中介词的选用；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（ 1）一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词固定搭配；句子的意思； 典型考题 08 上海 We went through a periodcommunications were very difficult in the rural areas. A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which （ 10 山东） Wind power is an ancient source of energy near future. we may return in the A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 06 陕西 She was educated at Beijing University, she went on to have her advanced study abroad. A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that 解析： C；把从句补充完整：communications were very difficult in the rural areas in/during the period ,可以判定出此处用介词 in ；此句中介词的选用取决于先行词 period ； C；把从句补充完整：we may return to an ancient source of energy in the near future,可以判定出此处用介词 to ；此句中介词的选用取决于从句中的动词固定搭配 return to sth.； A；主句与定语从句是先后关系,故用after which；此句中介词的选用取决于句子的意义（ 2）表示“ 整体和部分关系” 、“ 同位关系” 或“ 所属关系” ,介词常用 of ；常见结构：（ I ）在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each 等代词或数词的前后可以用 of which/whom； （II ）the + 比较级或最高级前后用 of which/whom 等； 典型考题 名师归纳总结 05 全国 II have many friends, some are businessmen. 第 7 页,共 13 页A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom （ 04 湖北） There are two buildings , stands nearly a hundred feet high . Athe larger B the larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思解析： D ；先行词 friends在定语从句中与some构成所属关系, 故用 some of whom或 of whom some；D；先行词 buildings；在定语从句中与比较级the larger构成所属关系,故用the larger of which或of which the larger三、考查定语从句的特别结构1. 考查关于定语从句的分隔结构；的定位, 确定定语从句的关系词及介词命题者主要通过定语从句的分隔考查动词形式的挑选和通过先行词 +关系词的选用； 考查动词形式的挑选主要表现在以下几方面：定语从句对主谓结构的分隔时的主句谓语动词挑选；定语从句对从句中宾补结构的分隔时的非谓语动词；定语 从句对主句定语、状语的分隔时的非谓语动词；定语从句对一些固定句式的分隔时的非谓语动词； 10 上海 Thai is the only way we can imagine bathrooms. the overuse of water in students' A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 00 全国 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. carry out 10 江西 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_ she would stay for an hour. C. A. where B. who which D. what （ 05 山东） The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 07 辽宁 You c ant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 解析： B；此处应当用不定式；the only way to do sth 表示“ 做 的唯独途径” ；作定语的不定式被定语从句 we can imagine 与被修饰词分开了；解答此类题应把定语从句去掉；C；先行词 the plan作 see 的宾语,此处的 see 后是复合结构, carry out 充当 the plan 的补足语,并与其构成被动, 故用 carried out ；解答此类题应把先行词仍原到定语从句中去； A；先行词为 centre, she would stay for an hour作定语,与其先行词被介词短语隔开了,该从句不缺宾语或主语 , 故先行词在从句中作地点状语 , 故用 where；为了保持句子平稳,定语从句与先行词往往被介词短语、副词或谓语等分开,解答此类题,关键找准先行名师归纳总结 词； B；这里的 he was used to 是省略了关系代词的定语从句,change 充当主句的谓语动词,因与since第 8 页,共 13 页连用的主句常用现在完成时,同时主语是life,故用 has changed ；解答此类题应把定语从句去掉；D；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思结合题意和词义,我们可以肯定句中的we had 是定语从句,修饰其前的difficulty,很明显,此题考查固定句式 have difficulty indoing sth. 式；解答此类题应把先行词仍原到定语从句中去看是否是固定句2. 考查带有插入语的定语从句的关系词的选用；做此类题中时,把关系词后的插入语（如：I believe,Ithink,I expect 等）去掉进行判定； 典型考题 （ 05 福建） Is that the small town you often refer to. Right, just the one you know I used to work for years. Athat B which C where D whattown 在定语解析： C； you know 是插入语,在解题时可以省略,可以看出the one 指代 the small 从句中作地点状语,故用where 四、考查定语从句的主谓一样关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词应与先行词保持一样； 典型考题 （ 10 全国） Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 09 宁夏高考适应 She is one of the few girls who_in the kindergarten A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well 解析： B；“ the only one of+ 复数名词 +定语从句” 中的先行词是 the only one,并从句作主语,故从句谓语动词用单数形式,另外,从 is 可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯,因此要用一般现在时,故用wears ； B；“ one of+复数名词 +定语从句” 中的先行词是复数名词,并从句作主语,故从句谓语动词用复数形式,依据句意,应用被动语态,故用are well paid；五、考查定语从句与其它从句的区分名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1. 考查非限定性定语从句与并列句的区分；区分方法主要看前后句之间是否有 and、but 等并列连词或分号等的存在,如有,就为并列句；假如只有逗号,且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明,就为非限定性定语从句； 典型考题 （ 09 全国 II ）My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it . 04 重庆 I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately conldn t spare me even one minute A.they B.one C.who D.it 解析： A；由两句中用逗号且上句内容在后句中充当主语可知,后句是非限制性定语从句,关系代词用 which ；A；由两句中间有 but 可知,是并列句； 句中的 a friend 指任意一个伴侣, 可懂得为 a friend of mine ,而后半句意指“ 我的这些伴侣们” ,为复数,应选 they 2. 考查主语从句与非限定性定语从语的区分；重点考察 it,what 和 as 的选用；常见的考查结构：（1）“ It be done（如： said/suggested 等） that+ 从句（ that+ 从句是主语从句,It 是形式主语）” 意为“ 据 / 人们（说 / 建议等） ” ；（ 2）“ What be done （如：said/suggested 等） is that+ 从句（ that+ 从句是表语从句,what 引导主语从句）” 意为“ 所（说 / 建议等）的是 ” ；（ 3）“ As be do ne（如： said/suggested（说 / 建议等）的那样, ” ；, 典型考题 等） , 主句（ As 引导非限定性定语从句）” 意为“ 正如所 08 福建 is known to us all is that the 2022 Olmpic Games will take place in Beijing. A.It B.What C.As vegetables D.Which you 08 上海 It has been proved eating in childhood helps to protect against serious illnesses in later life. 名师归纳总结 A.if B.because C.when D.that 第 10 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 04 北京 is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A.It B.As C.That D.What 解析： B； what 引导主语从句,并在从句中先当主语； D；此结构是 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句；that 在从句中不充当任何成分； B；As 引导非限定性定语从句,放句首,“ 正如” 之意；3. 某一名词或代词后引导定语从句与地点状语从句的区分；是定语从句时,该名词或代词在从句中充当成分； 假如后面句子只是说明前面该名词或代词所处的位置,应当是地点状语从句； 典型考题 该名词或代词又不在从句中充当成分时,（ 10 天津） Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut. You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 08 山东Youd better not leave the medicine kids can get at it. A.even if B.which C.where D.so that 解析： C；依据句意分析可知,表示地方的名词 the barber s 在后面的从句中充当地点状语,故用 where 引导定语从句； C；后面句子说明 the medicine 所处的位置,并且 the medicine 在后面的从句中不充当任何成分,故用 where 引导地点状语从句；4. 考查定语从句和同位语从句的区分；它们都可放在名词后；但在定语从句中,该名词在从句中充当成分,从句对该名词进行修饰；同位从句是对前面抽象名词进行详细说明说明,该抽象名词不在从句中充当成分； 典型考题 08 山东