2022年高三英语情态动词和虚拟语气复习教案.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高三英语情态动词和虚拟语气复习教案【典例精析】1.2007 全国卷 II, 8 _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 【 解析】A 有题干可知 ," 如不是他伤了腿 ,约翰就能赢得竞赛了 ",运用了虚拟语气 ,故用 if ；2.2022 山东卷 , 24 Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don't think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 【解析】B 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法；I don't think 是否定前移； 意为 :我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的；此题关键是要依据句意知道是虚拟语气 ,其基本形式是情态动词 过去式 +have done, 所以其他选项皆可排除；【答案】 B 309 福建 . But for the help of my English teacher, I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 【 答 案 】 B 虚 拟 语 气 ； 此 处 虚 拟 语 气 表 示 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 , 句 子 谓 语 动 词 用would/should/could/might + have done 结构 ,应选 B；4.09 湖南 - It's the office. So you _ know eating is not allowed here. - Oh, sorry. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. must B. will C. may D. need 【解析】 A 句意为 :这是办公室 .因此你必需知道吃的不答应带到这里；must表示 "绝不 "的意思；5.09 海南 What do you mean, there are only ten tickets. There _ be twelve A. should B. would C. will D. shall 【答案】 A； 你这是什么意思 ,只有十张票吗 .应当有十二人；should 表示 "应当 ,应当 "；6.09 上海 It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should 【解析】 C 考查情态动词的基本用法；此处表示确定性较强的推测 ,故答案选 C；7.09 四川 -I don't care what people think. -Well, you _ A. could B. would C. should D. might 【解析】 C 考查情态动词的用法；答话的人提了一个建议的； should可以用来向别人提建议,所以答案为 :C - 你应当关注别人对你的评判8.09 天津 This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【解析】 B 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词用法；表示对将来情形的虚拟假设 ,条件从句可以用 should+v. 原形 ; 9.09 重庆 -Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is. -She_in the classroom. I saw her there just now. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 【答案】 C 考查情态动词表示推测的用法；由后面的 知对现在情形的推测 ,故答案为 C. just now 示意现在肯定在教室推10.09 全国 2I can't leave. She told me that I_stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may 推知我必需呆在这里,故【解析】 B 考查情态动词的基本用法；由前面的I can't leave.答案为 B；11.09江苏 11. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 【解析】 C 考查情态动词的用法；由前面的懊悔表示做过啦 ,故后面的意思为本能够表达的不同 ,答案为 C 符合；【专题突破】情态动词和虚拟语气密不行分,情态动词表示估计的考查,虚拟语气中对情态动词的考查 ,这些都是需要留意的地方,要想突破 ,可以从语境、 语义、说话者的语气等方面着手 ,详细说 :1. 依据时间确定时态、时间段即要分清情态动词表估计时涉及的是现在情形仍是过去情形；原就上说 ,如对现在情形进行估计 ,情态动词后接动词原形或进行式 ;如对过去情形进行估计 ,就后接动词的完成式 这通常是 高考 的重点 ;如是对正在发生的情形进行估计 ,后接动词的进行式 ;判定出时间段套用现在、过去、将来虚拟语气的句式；2. 充分利用句子语境、语义名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 综观历年高考英语 情态动词和虚拟语气的考查情形,有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在详细语境、语义中的运用,即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思,就可作出正确挑选；3. 留意分清适用句型即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于确定句型,仍是用于疑问句型或否定句型,同时仍要注意情态动词在某些特别情形下所使用的特别句型；4. 弄清说话者的语义、 语气推断属于哪个时间段的情形,正确把握隐含、 混合等虚拟语气；5. 把握固定句式 ,从固定句式着手 ,套用虚拟语气句型；1.-Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. -Thanks. You _it. I could manage it myself. A. needn't do B. needn't have done C. mustn't do D. shouldn't have done 【解析】 B 句子的语境是 :"我自己能做 ", 所以 "你本不必做的 "；选 A 仍是 B 呢 .依据前面一句中的have cleaned 可知 , 动作已经发生, 所以此处谈论的是一个过去情形, 应选needn't have done；2. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put ",故用【解析】 D 前文说 "蛋糕很甜 ", 下文的语境明显应当是"你肯定是在里面放了许多糖"must+完成式 "表示对过去情形的确定估计；3. -The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. - Oh, dear. She _ a lot of difficulties. 名师归纳总结 A. may go through B. might go through 第 4 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through 【解析】 D 由上文的 stayed可知 ,此题是对过去情形有把握的确定估计；句意为"那个女生物 学家呆在非洲讨论野生动物13 年才回来； "" 天啊 .她肯定经受了不少苦难." 4. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isn't quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can ,即"【解析】 C 由于下文说 "她仍没有把握 ",所以前文要用may 表示没有把握的确定估计可能会与我们去旅行"；5. -I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake. -It _ Harry's. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustn't be D. could be 【解析】 D 后文说 "他总是穿绿色衣服 ", 据此语境可推知 , 这件衣 "可能是 "哈利的 ,could表示可能性；6. -Do you know where David is. I couldn't find him anywhere. -Well. He _have gone far-his coat's still here. A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. wouldn't ", 应选 can't 分析 :答案选 C；后文说 "他的外套仍在这里", 据此语境可知 "他不行能走远了5. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 【解析】 A could have done 的意思是 "原来可以做某事 "；句子语境为 "虽然他原来能够免费 入场 ,但他买了票 "；6. -Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary. -She _. I've already borrowed one. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 【解析】 C 既然 "我已经借了一本",所以 "她就没有必要借给我了"；needn't在此表示 "不必"；7.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can 【解析】D 在通常情形下 ,情态动词 can 表示估计时 ,只用于否定句和疑问句 ,不用于肯定句 ,但有一种特别情形就是它可以用于确定句中表理论上的估计或表示 "有时 "之意 ,而此题考查的正是 can 表示 "有时 "的用法；8. Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he_a student of BeijingUniversity . A.would have been B.should be C.has been D.had been 【解析】 A otherwise 引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的 ,由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反 ,主句用 would have d one ；9. -Your sister nearly _ all her spare time to her study during the three years. -That's right, or she _ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination. A. devoted; wouldn't have taken C. had devoted; hadn't taken B. spent; wouldn't have taken D. had spent; couldn't take 名师归纳总结 【解析】 A devote to 为固定搭配 ,因此第一个空应从AC 选； Or 翻译成 "否就 ,要不第 6 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 然", 相当于 otherwise,引起句子运用虚拟语气,主句用would have done；10.-Any information about your son. -No. If only I _ those tough words to him. A.didn't say B.hadn't said C.shouldn't have said D.couldn't have said wish 跟从句用虚拟的规章一样；与过【解析】 B if only 引起的句子要用虚拟语气；与 去的事实相反 ,用过去完成时态；11. It is vital that we _ act out at once to protect the environment. A. would B. should C. will D. can 【解析】 B It is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural should 跟动词原形；从句中 ,从句运用12. John's pale face suggested that he _ill, and his parents suggested that he _a medical examination. A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has 【解析】 B suggest 表示 "说明 ,示意 "时 ,宾语从句不用虚拟语气 ,而表示 "建议 "时,要用should 跟动词原形的虚拟语气；依据句意可以得知 ,答案为 B 13. But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we _ these splendid results. A.have achieved B.shouldn't have achieved C.should have achieved D.would achieve 【解析】 B but for 相当于 without, 可以用 if 非真实条件句替换；有句意可知时发生在过去 ,与过去事实相反；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 14. -Where have you been. -I_in the heavy traffic. Otherwise I_here earlier. A. got stuck; would have come B. got stuck; was C. have got stuck; would have come D. had got stuck; would come 【解析】 A 由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去,第一空用一般过去时,排除 CD, 第二空为与过去事实相反,应选 A 15.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 【解析】 D 这是 otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气 ,再依据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 . 【学法导航】考生在复习情态动词和虚拟语气时要留意如下几点 : 1. 把握情态动词的基本用法 ;2. 正确辨析相近意义的情态动词 ;3. 把握常用情态动词句式 ; 4. 同学 要明确所表达的内容不行能发生或发生的可能性很小时,要用虚拟语气 ; 5. 把握虚拟语气的常用句式 ; 6. 正确辨析混合时间的虚拟语气 ,假如条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生 ,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别依据各自所表示的时间加以调整；名师归纳总结 7. 留意虚拟语气中的倒装句,假如虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, 第 8 页,共 9 页should, 有时可将 if 省去 ,而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, 之后8. 分清含蓄条件句,有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中不总是显现if 引导的条件句 ,而通过用其他词来代替条件句,常见词有 otherwise, or, but for 和 if only等9. 把握在表语从句,同位语从句和主语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、恳求、建议、决定等 ,主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等； 从句中的谓语- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 动词是 should +动词原型 ,should 可以省略；10. 把握口语中的虚拟语气和固定句式中的虚拟语气上一页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页