2022年英语专业泛读第四册UnitScienceintheSahara .pdf

1 Unit 1 Science in the Sahara ：Man of the Desert Lead-in: I. Discussion: 1. Have you ever been to a desert? What is a desert like? Full of sand, dry, waterless, harsh geographical environment; not available to live in. romote, far from city life. Dangerous. Easy for people to lose sense of directions. Peng Jiamu was lost in 1980s in Luobupo in Xinjiang. 2. Have you everyread Sanmao s book: Stories in the Sahara Desert ? What do you know about the desert? Largest one in the world. Its location? In Africa. Its map: Which countries are in the Sahara Desert? 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠.横贯非洲大陆北部 ,东西长达 5600 公里,南北宽约 1600 公里,面积约 960 万平方公里 ,约占非洲总面积 32%.分布在西撒哈拉、毛里塔尼亚、马里、阿尔及利亚、尼日尔、突尼斯、利比亚、乍得、埃及、苏丹等十多个国家和地区 .阿尔及利亚Algeria 3. Are you interested in exploration in a desert or adventure? Why? Exciting; dangerous; challenge yourself. Enlarge your vision. Our text is about an explorer in the eastern Sahara. ?1. Have you ever been to a desert? What is a desert like? ?2. Have you read Sanmao s book: Sahara Desert? ?3 What do you know about it? About its location; countries located there; climate; geography;animals; plants; people s life, etc. ?4. Are you interested in exploration in a desert or adventure? Why? ?5. Can you predict the main contents of the text? ?6. Suppose you lived in the desert, how would you plan to arrange your life there? II. Do word pretest before going to text. Check the meaning of new words: III. The text: Previewing questions ：Pa 1 scanning: Stefan Kropelin s first research trip to the eastern Sahara did not start well. Why? Pa 2 scanning: What is Stefan Kropelin? Most devoted Sahara Explorers now. now a geologist and climate researcher at the Uni. Of Cologne in Germany. What hardships had he experienced? Pa 3 skimming: He had achieved a lot in his field work. What are they? 1) he has made influencial discoveries; 2) he has recorded the Sahara s cultural hsitory and has tried to preserve its heritage by persuading to protect scientific and cultural sites. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 Pa.4 Skimming: How did he start his interest in his sense of adventure to the Sahara Dissert? Pa 5 Scan: What is the meaning of “Inhospitable” in the first sentence of pa.5? Harsh weather and bad geographical condition. How about his attitude to his work? Circumspect, hard-driving leader, good at knowledge of geomorphology, archaelogy, human psychology and motomomor mechanics. I.Pa.1-5 Summary: Introduction to Kropelins and his research: his first research trip to the eastern Sahara. His job now; his descoveries; why he started his adventure; his hard working environment and his careful attitude to work. Pa.6 1. What research has he done? Reveal how the Sahara transformed from a savannah more than 5000 years ago to the desert it is today. 2. What was researchers idea about the Sahara in the past? Pa.7 Will the pa. About his doubt to others research? Pa 8 What is the conclusion of his research ？II. Pa. 6-8 Summary: about His research: he doubts about others research and he gets his own research result. Pa 9 Kropelin and deMenocals debate. His ideas were accepted. Pa 10 翻译句：他对约阿湖的研究结果给他在这个地区的长期发现画上了一个圆满的句号。Summary：His research results from Lake Yoa What about his research results from Lake Yoa? III. pa. 9-10 His debate with others and his satisfying discoveries. IV. Pa.11-12 Difficulties he met. V. Pa. 13-14 Other works he has done and his plans in the Sahara. Pa.11 scanning: How have his trips placed him in difficult situations? Pa.12 skimming: why nature is the enemy? Pa.13 skimming: What other works has he done? Pa.14 What does he plan to do in the Sahara? Why does he do such things? Love for the land. I.Pa.1-5 Summary: Introduction to Kropelins and his research: Summary: His job now; his descoveries; why he started his adventure; his hard 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 working environment and his careful attitude to work. Pa. 1 scanning: How about Stefan Kropelin s first research trip to the eastern Sahara? Why? Main idea: his first research trip to the eastern Sahara. Remote: adj. 1 ）far distant in place or time偏远的，偏僻的 . 2）冷漠的 ;冷淡的 ;与人疏远的 ;清高的 sb does not want to be friendly or closely involved with other people. Eg She looked so beautiful, and at the same time so remote. 她相貌如此美丽，同时又如此清高不群。Plateau ：1. N-COUNT 高原 A plateau is a large area of high and fairly flat land. Eg A broad valley opened up leading to a high, flat plateau of cultivated land. 一条宽阔的山谷展现在眼前，通往一处平整的开垦地高原。Sediment 英 ?sed ?m?nt n. 地沉淀物；沉积物，沉渣复数： sediments 词条标签： TOEFL IELTS GRE 1. N 沉渣;沉淀物 Sediment is solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid, especially earth and pieces of rock that have been carried along and then left somewhere by water, ice, or wind. Eg Many organisms that die in the sea are soon buried by sediment. 海洋里死亡的许多生物会很快被沉淀物掩埋。Deposition 英 ?dep? z?n n. 沉积（物）Canyon：1. N a long, narrow valley with very steep sides. (陡峭狭长的 )峡谷，溪谷Eg .the Grand Canyon. ( 美国的 )大峡谷Embark：英 ?m?b :k vi. 上飞机，上船；着手，从事vt. 使上船或飞机；使从事，使着手；投资于词条标签：考研IELTS 1. V start doing something difficult 着手；开始做Eg Hes embarking on a new career as a writer. 他即将开始新的职业生涯当一名作家。The government embarked on a programme of radical economic reform. 政府开始实施一项彻底的经济改革计划。Oasis ：N 可数名词a small area in a desert where water and plants are found. （沙漠中的）绿洲2. N-COUNT a pleasant place or situation as an oasis when it is surrounded by unpleasant ones. （恶劣环境中的）宜人之地，乐土； （不愉快情形下的）开心之时，乐事Eg The immaculately tended gardens are an oasis in the midst of Cairos urban sprawl. 在开罗不断扩张的都市版图内，这些被悉心照料的花园成了一片世外桃源。Pa 2 scanning: What is Stefan Kropelin? Most devoted Sahara Explorers now. now a geologist and climate researcher at the Uni. Of Cologne in Germany. What hardships had he experienced? Ordeal：. N-COUNT (常单数 ) If you describe an experience or situation as an ordeal, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 you think it is difficult and unpleasant. 煎熬；磨难；折磨Eg the painful ordeal of the last eight months. 过去 8 个月的痛苦煎熬She described her agonising ordeal. 她描述了自己备受折磨的苦难经历。Expedition：N-COUNT an organized journey that is made for a particular purpose such as exploration. 远征;探险Eg Byrds 1928 expedition to Antarctica. 伯德 1928 年前往南极洲的探险Bout：1. N-COUNT a bout of an illness or of an unpleasant feeling, you have it for a short period. （疾病或不愉快情绪的）发作A bout of Eg He was recovering from a severe bout of flu. 他患了严重的流感，尚未痊愈。Eg I was suffering with a bout of nerves. 我感到一阵紧张。2. N-COUNT 可数名词（不愉快之事大量发生的）一阵，一小段时间 A bout of something that is unpleasant is a short time during which it occurs a great deal. 【搭配模式】：usu N of n Eg The latest bout of violence has claimed twenty four lives. 最近发生的一起暴力事件造成24 人死亡。A half-hour daily walk can be more beneficial than one hard bout of exercise a week. 每天散步半小时会比一周剧烈运动一次对身体更有益。3. N-COUNT拳击比赛；摔跤比赛 A bout is a boxing or wrestling match. Eg This will be his eighth title bout in 19 months. 这将是他 19 个月里的第 8 次卫冕赛。4. （当 about 的第一个音节不发音时，有些作家以bout 或 bout 替代 about）Some writers use bout or bout to represent about when the first syllable is not pronounced. How bout some coffee?. 来点儿咖啡吗？Eg I just felt the need to write bout it, I guess. 我想我就是觉得有必要对此写点儿什么。回合；较量；局；一场比赛Roam：V wander or travel around it without having a particular purpose. 漫步;漫游;游荡;闲逛synonym： roll，wander，swan，stray，tramp，cast，ramble，rove，range，drift，vagabond gad meander EG Barefoot children roamed the streets. 光脚丫的孩子们在街上游荡。Theyre roaming around the country shooting at anything that moves. 他们在乡下到处转悠，看到活动的东西就开枪。Farmers were encouraged to keep their livestock in pens rather than letting them roam freely. 鼓励农民们把家畜关进栏圈，而不是让它们到处乱跑。1. move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment; The gypsies roamed the woods roving vagabonds the wandering Jew The cattle roam across the prairie the laborers drift from one town to the next They rolled from town to town 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 seminal：1. ADJ 正式 things such as books, works, events, and experiences that have a great influence in a particular field. ( 书、作品等在某一领域 )有重大影响的，影响深eg .the author of the seminal book Animal Liberation. 有着巨大影响的动物解放一书的作者Eg The reforms have been a seminal event in the history of the NHS. 这些改革已成为英国国民保健制度史上影响深远的一件大事。Pa 3 skimming: He had achieved a lot in his field work. What are they?he has made influencial discoveries; he has recorded the Saharas cultural hsitory and has tried to preserve its heritage by persuading to protect scientific and cultural sites. Lobby：n. 大厅； 大堂； 前厅复数： lobbies 过去式： lobbied 过去分词： lobbied 现在分词： lobbying 第三人称单数： lobbies 词条标签： CET6 考研 TOEFL IELTS GRE 1. VERB 向（政府官员、委员会委员等） 进行游说（或疏通）to persuade them that a particular law should be changed or that a particular thing should be done. V for/against n Eg Carers from all over the UK lobbied Parliament last week to demand a better financial deal. 英国各地的家庭看护人员上周向议会游说，要求改善经济待遇。Gun control advocates are lobbying hard for new laws. 枪械管制支持者正努力游说通过新法。The union has attacked the plan and threatened to lobby against it. 翻译：他对撒哈拉气候的历史作出了重大发现，这些发现正在挑战人们关于世界在变暖的将来可能面临的临界点的假设。Pa 4 Skimming: How did he start his interest in his sense of adventure to the Sahara Dissert? Pa5 Scanning: 1.What is the meaning of “Inhospitable” in the first sentence of pa.5? Harsh weather and bad geographical condition. 2 How about his attitude to his work? Circumspect, hard-driving leader, good at knowledge of geomorphology, archaelogy, human psychology and motomomor mechanics. 3 What s the main idea of pa.5? circumspect英 ?s ?:k?mspekt adj. FORMAL 谨慎小心的，周到的慎重的；小心谨慎；周到的；小心的1. ADJ-GRADED 小心的 ;谨慎的;谨言慎行的cautious in what you do and say and do not take risks. Eg The banks should have been more circumspect in their dealings. 那些银行在交易中本该更加谨慎的。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 Eg You seem to be implying, in your usual circumspect manner, that perhaps it might not be a wonderful idea. 你好像正以你一贯谨言慎行的方式暗示，那个主意也许不怎么样。Adv circumspectly Eg I would suggest that for the time being you behave as circumspectly as possible in political matters. 我建议，目前在政治事务上你还是尽量小心为妙。What s the main idea of pa.5? his working environment was harsh, but he was careful and talented. Can you find a central idea in pa.1-5? I . Pa.1-5 Summary: Introduction to Kropelins and his research: his first research trip to the eastern Sahara. His job now; his descoveries; why he started his adventure; his hard working environment and his careful attitude to work. II. Pa. 6-8 Summary: about His research: he doubts about others research and he gets his own research result. Pa 6 1. What research has he done? Reveal how the Sahara transformed from a savannah more than 5000 years ago to the desert it is today. 2. What was researchers idea about the Sahara in the past? Quest: n. (literary) 可数名词A quest is a long and difficult search for something. (长期艰难的 )追求，探索，寻找Quest for n Eg My quest for a better bank continues. 我继续寻找一家更好的银行。.his quest to find true love. 他对真爱的不懈追寻Waite spent his life on a spiritual quest. savannah英 s?v?n? n. a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions （热带和亚热带）无树大草原cyclical 英 ?s ?kl?k?l adj. A cyclical process is one in which a series of events happens again and again in the same order. 循环的 ;周期的词条标签： GRE Eg .the cyclical nature of the airline business. 航空业的周期性Monsoon: N-COUNT a seasonal wind in southern Asia; blows from the southwest (bringing rain) in summer and from the northeast in winter; the season in Southern Asia when there is a lot of very heavy rain. 可数名词 (南亚地区的 )季风季节，雨季Eg.the end of the monsoon. 雨季的尾声Eg .monsoon flooding. 雨季的洪水泛滥Eg In Ban-gladesh, the monsoons have started. 2. N-PLURAL 复数名词 ( 雨季的 )季风雨，降雨Eg. Monsoon rains are sometimes referred to as the monsoons . Eg In Ban-gladesh, the monsoons have started. 在孟加拉，雨季已经开始了。1.季风；大范围区域冬、 夏季盛行风向相反或接近相反的现象。如中国东部夏季盛行东南风 , 冬季盛行西北风 , 分别称夏季风和冬季风。Champion: V If you champion a person, a cause, or a principle, you support or defend 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 7 them. 支持；拥护；捍卫Eg He passionately championed the poor. 他满腔热情地捍卫穷人的利益。Eg The amendments had been championed by pro-democracy activists. 修正案一直受到亲民主的活跃分子的支持。Ice sheet ： n. a large thick area of ice, especially one that exists for a long time. (尤指长期存在的 )冰盖，冰冠，冰原flip ：V-ERG 及物/不及物动词 If something flips over, or if you flip it over or into a different position, it moves or is moved into a different position. (使)移动;(使)转动;(使)翻动Eg The plane then flipped over and burst into flames. 接着飞机突然翻转并燃起了大火。Eg He flipped it neatly on to the plate. 他干净利索地把它盛到了盘子里。V (用拇指 )弹，抛，掷If you flip something 翻译句 1：这个想法得到了哥伦比亚大学彼特的支持，他研究了从热带大西洋中提取的深海沉淀物的地核， 在一定量的尘土里看到了急速上升的尘土，这些尘土是在气候转换时期从大陆吹掉的。翻译句 2：与模式（撒哈拉大沙漠是突然转换为大草原的）一致的沉淀物的记录意味着，这个星球许多敏感的组成成分像季风模式、亚马逊和撒哈拉植被，极地冰原，甚至大西洋循环在一定情况下，将会从一个稳定的状态移动到另一个状态。Pa.7 Will the pa. be about his doubt to others research? Mesh：可变名词 material like a net made from wire, thread, or plastic. 网眼织物 ;网状物Eg The ground-floor windows are obscured by wire mesh. 一楼的窗户装有防盗网。.a mesh small enough to exclude tiny insects. 网眼小得足以挡住小昆虫的网2. V-RECIP-ERG If two things or ideas mesh or are meshed, they go together well or fit together closely. (使) 相匹配;(使)相互协调 ;(使)吻合V with n Eg Their senses of humor meshed perfectly. 他们的幽默感配合得天衣无缝。This of course meshes with the economic philosophy of those on the right. 这自然与右派的经济哲学相吻合。Meshing the research and marketing operations will be Mr. Furlauds job. 把研究与市场运作紧密结合起来将成为弗劳德先生的工作任务。pique 英 pi:k v. V If something piques your interest or curiosity, it makes you interested or curious. 激起，引起（兴趣或好奇心）词条标签：TOEFL GRE Eg This phenomenon piqued Dr Morris interest. 这一现象激起了莫里斯医生的兴趣。Their curiosity piqued, they stopped writing. 他们的好奇心被挑起，停下了手中的笔2.不可数名词 the feeling of annoyance you have when you think someone has not treated you properly. （因遭人怠慢而感到的）恼怒，愠怒Eg Mimi had gotten over her pique at Susans refusal to accept the job. 米米已不再为苏姗拒绝接受这份工作的事生气了。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 8 3.一怒之下；愤然If someone does something in a fit of pique, they do it suddenly because they are annoyed at being not treated properly. Lawrence, in a fit of pique, left the Army and took up a career in the City. 劳伦斯一气之下离开了陆军，在伦敦金融城开始了工作。Reconnaissance ： exploration ； inspection N. the activity of obtaining military information about a place by sending soldiers or planes there, or by the use of satellites. 不可数名词（派士兵或飞机）侦察； （用卫星）搜索，勘测eg The helicopter was returning from a reconnaissance mission. 直升机完成侦察任务后正在返航。Eg The aircraft will be used for reconnaissance rather than combat. 这架飞机将用于执行侦察任务而不是战斗任务。layer 英 ?le?(r) vt. 把分层堆放；vi. 形成或分成层次；n. 层，层次；膜； 植压条；放置者，计划者Pollen：n. a fine powder produced by flowers. It fertilizes other flowers of the same species so that they produ