2022年英语语法—形容词副词比较级最高级讲解.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载形容词和副词的比较级、最高级讲解一、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级、最高级三级；原级变为比较级和最高级有 1、规章变化规章变化 和不规章变化 两种；1）. 一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est ,例如, tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest 2）. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加 nice-nicer-nicest r 或 st ,例如,3）. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词,把 y 变为 i ,再加 er 或 est ,例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest 4）. 重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加 er 或 est ,例如, big-bigger-biggest 5）. 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加 最高级,例如, slowly-more slowly-most slowly beautiful-most beautiful 2、不规章变化more 构成比较级和 most 构成；beautiful-more 原级比较级最高级good 好的better更好的best 最好的well 好； 身体 好的, bad,badly 糟糕的 , 糟糕地worse 更糟糕的 , 更糟糕worst最糟糕的 , 最糟糕ill身体 不舒适的地； 身体 更不舒适的地； 身体 最不舒适的many很多的 可数 much 很多的 不行数 ；非more更多的；更most 最多的；最常little少的less 更少的least 最少的far 远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的 地 furthest最深刻的 地 二、形容词,副词等级的用法1 叙述某人 / 物自身的情形时 , 用原级 ；基本句型是：名师归纳总结 主语 sb./sth + 谓语动词+ very/too/so/quite/rather + 形容词 /第 1 页,共 6 页副词原级+ .- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 如： He is very old now.学习必备欢迎下载它们跑他现在很老了 / They ran quite fast.得相当快 / The weather looks rather bad. happy. 我是如此的欢乐 天气看上去相当糟 / I am so 表示两者之间没有差别时, 使用句型：形容词 / 副词原级 + as + 其次个人主语 第一个人物 + 谓语动词 + as + 物 + .如： He is as excited as his younger sister.他和他妹妹一样兴奋 / Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady. 莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢 / They picked as many apples as the farmers did. 他们摘的苹果和农夫一样多 表示第一个人比不上其次个人时, 使用句型：主语 第一个人物 + 谓语动词 否定式 + as / so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + 其次个人物 + .如： He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.他没他妹妹那么兴奋 Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. 莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢 They didn t pick so / as many apples as the farmers did. 他们摘的苹果不如农夫多2 叙述两者有差异 , 第一个人物超过其次个人物时, 用比较级 ；基本句型：主语 A+谓语动词+much/a little/even/still+形容词 / 副词比较级+than+其次个人物 B+ .如： A modern train is much faster than a car.现代的火车比轿车快多了；This book didnt cost me more than that one.这本书花费我的钱不比那本多；叙述两者有差异 , 第一个人物不及其次个人物时, 用比较级；句型是：主语 A + 谓语动词 + less+ 多音节形 / 副 比较级 + than + 其次个人物 B + .如： I think English is less difficult than maths.我认为英语不比数学难Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language.你认为学外语不那么重要吗？3 叙述某人 / 物是一群之中最突出的一个时, 用最高级 ；句型是：主语 sb./sth + 谓语动词 +the +形容词 / 副词最高级+in / of .如： The Changjiang River is the longest in China. He jumped the highest of the three boys.详细用法：一）、原级的用法长江是中国最长的河流 三个男生中他跳得最高1. 只能修饰原级的词, very ,quite ,so,too 例如, He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再连续走了；名师归纳总结 My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他；第 2 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2. 原级常用的句型结构1 “ 甲 +be+倍数 +as+形容词原级 +as+乙” 表示“ 甲和乙程度相同” 或“ 甲是乙的几倍”例如, Tom is as old as Kate. Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大；汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍；“ 甲 +实意动词 + 倍数+as+ 副词原级 +as+乙” 表示“ 甲和乙程度相同” 或“ 甲是乙的几倍”例如, Tom runs as fast as Mike. Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快；汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍；2 “ 甲 +be+not+as/so+ 形容词原级 +as+乙” 甲不如乙例如, This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大；“ 甲 +助动词 +not+动词原形 +as/so+ 副词原级 +as+乙” 甲不如乙例如, He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢；二）、比较级的用法1. 可以修饰比较级的词, much,a lot ,far , 的多 a little,a bit , 一点儿； even 甚至, still 仍旧例如, Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比其次课简单得多；Tom looks even younger than before. This train runs much faster than that one.2. 比较级常用的句型结构汤姆甚至比以前更年轻；这辆火车比那辆跑地快；1 “ 甲 +be+倍数 +形容词比较级 +than+乙” 表示“ 甲比乙 ” 或“ 甲比乙几倍” ；例如, Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高；This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍；“ 甲 +实意动词 +倍数 +副词比较级 +than+乙” 表示“ 甲比乙 ” 或“ 甲比乙几倍” ；例如, I got up earlier than my mother this morning. 我今日早晨起床比我妈妈仍早；2 “ 甲 +be+形容词比较级 +than+any other+ 单数名词 +介词短语 ” 表示“ 甲比同一范畴的任何一个人/ 物都 ” ,含义是“ 甲最 ” ；例如, The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长；=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他全部的河都长；=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载长江是中国最长的河流；3 “ 甲 +be+the+形容词比较级 +ofthetwo+ ” 表示“ 甲是两者中较 的” ；例如, Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two. 看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个；4 “ 比较级 +and+比较级” 表示“ 越来越 ” ；例如, He is getting taller and taller.The flowers are more and more beautiful.他变得越来越高了；花儿越来越美丽；5 “ the+比较级, the+ 比较级” 表示“ 越 ,越 ” ；例如, The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细,犯的错误越少；6 “ 特别疑问词 +be+形容词比较级,甲 or 乙？”例如, Which is bigger,the earth or the moon？哪一个大,地球仍是月球？三）、最高级常用句1 “ 主语 +be+the+形容词最高级 +单数名词 +in/of 最 的” ；短语” 表示“ 是 中例如, Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students. 汤姆是他们班上 / 全部同学当中最高的；This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的；“ 主语 +实意动词 +the+ 副词最高级 +单数名词 +in/of 短语” 表示“ 是 中最 的” ；例如, I jump the farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的；2 “ 主语 +be+oneofthe+ 形容词最高级 +复数名词 +in/of 短语” 表示“ 是 中最 之一” ；例如, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 城市之一；北京是中国最大3 “ 特别疑问词 +be+the+最高级 +甲,乙, or 丙？” 用于三者以上的比较；例如, Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西仍是加拿大？“ 特别疑问词 +be+the+副词最高级 +甲,乙,or 丙？” 用于三者以上的比较例如, Which season do you like the best ,spring ,summer or autumn？你最喜爱哪一个季节,春天,夏天仍是秋天？关于比较等级的重要注释：1、 假如动词是及物或不及物动词, 就后面用副词； 假如后面是连系动词 , 就后面名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载用形容词 ；如： This car is the fastest of the four. This car runs the fastest of the four.形容词 这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的 副词 这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的2、“ 比较级 +and+比较级” 表示“ 越来越 ”；如： The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天越来越暖和了3、“ the+ 比较级 ,the+ 比较级 ” 表示“ 越 就越 ”；如： The more trees we plant,the better it will be. 我们栽的树越多 , 情形就会越好 The harder you try,the greater your progress is.你越是努力 , 进步就越大4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可加 much/a little/even/still, 而表数量的 more 之前仍可以加 some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot 等；如： It is much colder today than yesterday.今日比昨天冷多了Would you like some more coffee. 你仍要些咖啡吗？5、more than / less than 分别可以懂得为“ 多于 / 少于”, 相当于副词 ,more than=over; less than=under. 如： I lived in New York for more than four months.我在纽约生活了四个多月6、“ one of the + 最高级 +名词 复数 ” 整个短语为单数含义 , 谓语用单数形式；如： One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire. 最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了 7、“ Which / Who+ 动词 +形/ 副, , or .” 句型中 , 假如有两个选项 , 形/ 副用 比较级 , 假如有三个选项 , 形/ 副用最高级；如： Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei. 林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant. 猪、马、象哪个最重？8、上下文中含有 both/either/neither/two/twins 等表示两个事物的词时 , 用比较级 , 而且往往仍要加 the ；含有 all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时 , 用最高级；名师归纳总结 如： -Do you like the smaller one.Neither.小一点的那个你喜爱吗？一个都不喜爱第 5 页,共 6 页-Which do you like best. All of them.你最喜爱哪个？全部；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载练习：1.What a _ cough！You seem_ill. A.terrible,terribly B.terribly ,terrible C.terrible,terrible D.terribly ,terribly 2.I feel even_now. A.bad B.well C.worse D.worst 3.She was very happy. She ran_of all the runners. A.fastest B.the quickest C.slowest D.quickly 4.Keep quiet,please.Its_noisy here.A.many too B.too many C.much too D.too much 5. Have you _ spoken to a foreigner？ No,_. A.already,never B.ever,never C.yet,already D.ever,ever 6.He is taller than_in his class. A.any boy B.any C.any other boy D.some other boys 7.I ll go and visit you _ next week.A.sometime B.sometimes C.some times D.some time 8.The car is running_.It seems to be flying. A.more and faster B.more and fast C.fast and fast D.faster and faster 9.English is as _ as Chinese.You should learn it well. A.important B.more important C.the most important D.much more important 10.Music is not so useful as science.Its _ useful than science.A.fewer B.less C more D.a lot 11.Weve never heard of_story before.A.such a strange B.such strange C.so a strange D.so strange 12.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes_. A.soft B.safe C.safely D.safety 13.Pass my glasses to me,Jack.I can_read the words in the newspaper. A.hardly B.really C clearly D.rather 14.Three years _,he become a driver. A.late B.later C.lately D.more lately 15.He is _ enough to carry the heavy box. A.stronger B.much stronger C.strong D.the strongest 16.I bought _ exercise-books with_money. A.a few,a few B.a few,a little C.a little,a few D.a little ,a little 17.The box is _ heavy for the girl_carry. A.too,to B.to,too C.so,that D.no,to 18.Do you have _ to tell us？A.something new B.new something C.anything new D.new anything 19.Do you think the fish tastes_？She cooked it_, Ithink. A good,good B well ,good C well ,well D good,well 20.She played the piano_than we had thought. A.successful B.successfully C.more successful 参考答案D.more successfully 名师归纳总结 1-5：ACACB6-10： CADAB 11-15： ABABC16-20：BACDD 第 6 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -