2022年高考英语情态动词讲解及习题.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载2022 高考专题之情态动词一、 基础提高一、常见的情态动词有：can 能may 可以will,would （表意愿）need 需要dare 敢must 必需have to 不得不shall,should 应当（表义务）ought to 应当1.can ,could 的用法1.1 表才能,有“ 能” 、“ 会” 、“ 能够” 的意思例如： Can you drive a car. 你会开车吗？-Yes, I can. 我会；-No, I can't. 我不会；1.2 表答应,在口语中代替 思例如： Can I use your bike.may ,有“ 可以” 的意 我可以用你的自行车吗？1.3 表示可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句例如： Can it be true. 那会是真的吗？Today is Sunday. He can't be at school. 今日是星期天；他不行能在学校里；1.4 过去式 could 表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如：Could I come to see you tomorrow. 明天我可以来见你吗？1.5 can 和 be able to 的比较1 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态could ,其他时态要用 be able to 的形式例如：I haven't been able to get in touch with her.我始终没能和她联系上；2 通常 can 和 be able to 可以互换例如：He will come if he can. 假如可能的话, 他一定会来；2.may ,might 的用法2.1 表示许可或征求对方的许可,有“ 可以” 的意思；例如： You may go now. 你可以走了；May I use your computer. 我用一下你的电脑可以吗？2.2 回答以 may 开头的疑问句有如下表达法：例如：May I smoke here. 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？-Yes, you may. -Yes, please. -No, you can't. -No, you mustn't. -No, you'd better not. 2.3 表示推测,通常只用于陈述句例如： You may be right. 你可能是对的；2.4 过去式 might 表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如： Might I use your pen for a while. 我能用用你的钢笔吗？2.5 在口语中 can 可以代替 may 表示许可,但 can较任凭, may 更正式例如：Can I use your bike, John. 用一下你的自行车吗？约翰,我可以May I have a look at your license please, sir.先生,我可以看一下你的执照吗3.must 的用法3.1 表义务,“ 必需”例如： You must talk to them about their study.你必需同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事；3.2 在否定结构中表不许、禁止 例如：You mustn't leave here.你不能离开这儿；3.3 表坚决的建议例如：You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai. 一到上海你就得立刻来见我们；3.4 表估计,暗含有很大的可能性例如： He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他确定是病了；他的脸色那么惨白；留意may 暗含的可能性较小,must 暗含的可能性较大；3.5 关于 must 的简短回答：例如： Must I clean the dining room at once. 我必需立刻打扫餐厅吗？-Yes, you must. -No, you needn't. -No, you don't have to. 4.have to 的用法have to 虽属于情态动词, 但它有人称、数的变化,它的疑问句否定句的构成也和其他情态动词有所不同；4.1 have to 表客观的需要和义务, must 表主观认识例如： I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.我没搭上火车,所以我只得打的；4.2 在疑问句和否定句中, have to 多用助动词 do构成, must 就直接提前或加 not；例如： Did he have to do it. 他得做那件事吗？ He didn't have to do it. 他不需要做那件名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编欢迎下载爸爸不会答应这件事；（表事；（表意愿）4.3 在否定句中, have to 表示不需要, must 表不Dad wouldn't allow it.答应；许可）例如：You don't have to go there.你不需要去那儿；You mustn't go there. 你不行去那儿；4.4 虽然 must 可以用在过去时态中, 但是 have to更能直接了当的表达过去时间概念；例如： She must see Hubert that very night. 她必需在那个晚上见到休伯特；I had to leave at six yesterday. 离开；我得在昨天 6 点7.shall 和 should 的用法7.1 shall 用于构成将来时是助动词,shall 用于征求对方的看法,表示“ 决心” 是情态动词例如： Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光； （构成一般将来时,助动词）Shall I turn on the light, Mom. 妈妈,我把灯打开好吗？（用于征求对方的看法,情态动词）I shall be there. 我会到那儿去的；（表“ 决心” ,5.need 的用法情态动词）should 用need 既可用作情态动词,又可用作实义动词；作7.2 should 用于构成将来时是助动词；情态动词时,没有数和人称的变化, 后接动词原形；作实义动词时, 有数的变化和人称的变化, 后接带于表示“ 应当” “ 推测” 是情态动词 例如：We thought we should never see you again.to 的不定式；5.1 用于否定句,表“ 不必”我们以为再也见不到你了；（构成一般过去将来时,助动词）例如： You needn't worry.你不必担忧；I should write some letters tonight.今晚我得写几I don't think you need worry.我想你不必担忧；封信；（表“ 应当” ,情态动词）5.2 用于疑问句,表“ 需要吗”例如： Need you go. 你得去吗？They should be there by now.他们现在可能到了；（表“ 推测” ,情态动词）-No, I needn't. 不必；-Yes, I must. 是的,我必需去；5.3 need 用作实义动词时,要留意始终以实义动词的标准贯彻究竟例如：（正确） Do you need to go there. （错误） Do you need go there. 6.will 和 would 的用法6.1 will,用于构成将来时是助动词； 用于表示“ 意志” “ 决心” “ 恳求” 是情态动词； would 亦同理；例如： He'll be here this afternoon. 今日下午他会来这儿；（助动词）Will you tell her that I'm here. 请您告知她说我在这儿,好吗？（情态动词）6.2 用于各种人称,表示“ 意志”“ 决心” “ 承诺”例如： I will try. 我愿一试；6.3 在疑问句中用于其次人称,提出恳求或询问例如： If you want help , let me know, will you.假如你需要帮忙,让我知道,好吗？Will you type this, please. 请打印这个,好吗？Won't you sit down. 请坐下,好吗？6.4 would 比 will 客气委婉例如： Would you help us, please. 请您帮忙我们,好吗？（表恳求）I'd go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去；8.ought to 的用法 ought to 表示应当、理应做什么 例如： You ought to clean the classroom , for it is your turn today. 你应当把教室打扫了, 由于今日是 你值日；9.情态动词表示“ 估计” 的用法 情态动词表示 “ 估计”时,要记住以下两种估计和 形式估计：对过去发生动作或状态的估计；对现在状态的估计；两种形式：用情态动词加完成时态表示对过去发生动作或 状态的估计；用情态动词加动词原型表示对现在发生动作或 状态的估计；详细用法如下：9.1 must have done 表示过去肯定做了什么, 语气 非常确定 例如： You must have finished your work. 你肯定 完成了你的工作；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 9.2 can 名师精编欢迎下载t have done表示过去不行能做了什么, 语气也比较确定 是上面的否定形式 例如： He cant have gone to Beijing, for I had a talk with him just now. 他不行能去过北京,由于我 刚和他交谈过；9.3 need nt have done 表示过去没有必要做什么 但已经做了；例如： You neednt have come earlier. 你不需要 来这么早的；9.4 should have done 有批评的意思 ；过去该做什么但没有做； 含针对性练习：1 You_ all those clothes. We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing A needn't have washed B shouldn't have washed C must not have washed D can not have washed 例如：You should have started earlier. 你本应当早s 2 John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night. A should study B should have 点开头的；9.5 shouldn t have done 表示过去不该做什么但做了； 含有批评的意思 studied C must have studiedmust have to study D 例如： You shouldn t have helped him, he could do it himself. 你本不该帮忙他的,他能自己做；9.6 ought to have done表示过去该做什么而没有3 The room is in a terrible mess; it _cleaned. CET-4, 1996,6 A can't have been B shouldn't have 做；是职责和义务 例如： You ought to have helped him. but you didn 你应当帮忙他的；been C mustn't wouldn't have been have been D 9.7 can/could do sth.表示对现在情形的推测,常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中；例如： This news can t be true. 这消息不行能是4 Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts. A must have sailed B can sail真的；9.8 may/might do sth. 表示对现在情形的推测,常用于确定句中；例 如 ： Mr.Wang may know Professor Li telephone number. 王先生或许知道李教授的电话C might have sailed sailed D should have 号码；二、助动词的定义 助动词和情态动词都是英语中特别动词,即：不能 再句子中独立充当句子成分； 而是与实义动词一起 使用构成复合用语；常见的助动词有： be, have,do, shall, will, should, would. 它常协作主要动词,帮助构成否定句,疑 问句,强调句,时态,语态等语法形式；5 Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom. A should have been B must have been C must be D should be 6 Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He _ his mind. A can't have changed B wouldn't have changed C must have changed D shouldn't have changed 7 You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight. A needn't go B had better not goC should not go D needn't have gone 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载8 We_ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive. A must receive B ought to receiveC must have received D ought to have received 9 With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night. A mustn't go B shouldn't have gone C could not go D couldn't have gone 10 Eve was late for class again. She _earlier. A should get up B must get upC need to get up D should have got up 11 I am feeling sick. I_ so much chocolate. A needn't have eaten B couldn't have eaten C mustn't have eaten D shouldn't have eaten 12 I didn't send out my application form last week, but I _. A had B would do C should have D might have to 13 Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he_ Tom to go with him. A might have asked B should asked C must have asked D should have asked 14 When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I_ there earlier. A ought to get B ought to have gotC must have got D must get 15 The road was muddy. It_ last night. A must rained B must have rainedC must be rained D could have rained 高考练习之 情态动词1How's your new babysitter. We _not ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. ；2I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes. 3I don't really like James. Why did you invite him. Don't worry. He _ not come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. 4If you _ smoke, please go outside. 5 They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 6If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. 7We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner. 8I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 答案： can't 9 _ you interrupt now. Can't you see I'm on the phone. Sorry Sir, but it's urgent. 10 It's quite warm here; we _not turn the heating on yet. 11I _not use a clock to wake 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. 12 One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. 答案： shall 13He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. 14The children _get lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. 15 What are you doing this Saturday. I'm not sure, but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert. 16Why are your eyes so red. You _ have slept well last night. 17I _enjoy myself more it was a perfect day. 18No one _ be more generous; he has a heart of gold. 19Since nobody gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own. 20The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed. 词原形 ” ；答案： would be 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页