2022年高考英语动词时态语态复习.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载高中时态语态专题（一）动词的时态时态动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情形发生时间的各种形式；英语动词有 16 种时态,但是常用的只有 9 种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时；下面分别介绍；一般 进行 完成 完成进行现在 do does am is are doing has have done has have been doing was 过去 did doing had done had been doing were shall shall shall shall 将来 do be doing have done have been doing will will will will 过 去 should should should should 将来 do be doing have done have been doing would would would would 考点一、一般现在时：一般现在时表示主语常常性和习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态；1、常用的时间状语有：always总是；始终 , often常常 , sometimes有时 , seldom很少 , hardly ever 几乎不 , never从不 , every day每天 , every week每星期 , every month每月 , every year 每年 等；2第三人称单数的构成方式当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数,其变化规章同名词变复数；1直接在词尾加 -s；swim swims, travel travels,play plays, leave leaves2以字母 s, x,ch, sh, o结尾的,在词尾加-es；pass passes, fix fixes, teach,wash washes, go goes, do does3以“ 辅音字母 y”结尾的,变 y 为 i 加-es；study studies, fly flies, cry cries例、 Diana, together with her friends, _ Chinese in China. A study Bhave studied Cstudies Dare studying 3一般现在时的用法小结1 表示常常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表频度的时间状语连用；My mother often does housework. My father goes to work every day. 2描述现在的状态、才能、性格等；She is very tired now. 3描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等；The light travels faster than the sound. He speaks Russian very well. The sun rises in the east. 留意、（1）在宾语从句中,即使主句是一般过去时,但从句表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实时,从句 依旧用一般现在时；The teacher told us that the earth is round yesterday. 2在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来；即“ 主将从现”I want to be a policeman when I grow up in the future. I'll ring you up if he comes back tomorrow. ；3在以 here, there 开头的句子中常用一般现在时代替现在进行时；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载Here comes the bus. 汽车来了！4一般现在常常显现在格言或警句中；All roads lead to Rome. There goes the bell. 铃响了！One is never too old to learn. 考点二、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态；1、常用的时间状语有：yesterday昨天 , the day before yesterday前天 , last week上星期 , last month上个月 , last year去年 , three years ago 三年前 , in 2001 在 20XX 年 , the other day 前几天 , just now刚才 ,等；2动词过去式的构成方式在一般过去时中,谓语动词要用过去式,过去式的变化分为规章和不规章两种；下面单讲一下规章变化：1直接在词尾加 -ed；plant planted, work worked, look looked-ed；2以 e 结尾的,加 -d；live lived, change changed3以重读闭音节或r 音节结尾的,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,就双写这个辅音字母,再加plan planned, stop stopped4以“ 辅音字母 y”结尾的,变y 为 i 加-ed；study studied, try tried3一般过去时的用法小结1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；She visited the Great Wall yesterday. They went to England for a holiday last summer. 2用于虚拟语气句中,表示与现在事实相反的情形；If I were you, I would take a small present. If I won a million dollars, I'd give it to charities. 留意 在虚拟条件句 “ If I were you. 中,were 不能改为 was；例、 I've got a ticket for the basketball game tonight. Cool. How _you _it. A had; gotBdid; get Cwere; getting Dwill; get 考点三、一般将来时：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；1、句式结构 确定句 有以下几种：Will/shall do 单纯表将来,强调未经事先考虑将要做某事；is/am/are going to do 表示按方案、支配好要做的事情；其次可以表示有迹象说明要做某事；例如 It is going to rain. 有迹象说明要下雨 is/am/are doing 进行时态表将来,is/am/are to do 表方案支配要做某事,此外仍可以表示职责、义务和可能性；is/am/are about to do 表示刚要做某事,所在的句子不会再显现时间状语；例： I was about to leave when suddenly the telephone rang. 2、常用的时间状语有：tomorrow 明天 , the day after tomorrow 后天 , tomorrow morning 明天上午 , next week下周 , next month下个月 , next year 明年 , in two hours 两个小时以后 , in three days三天后 等；留意如表示经过肯定的方案支配之后准备做某事,要用be going to,而不能用will ；My brother is going to learn English next year. 留意、当主语是第一人称 I 或 we 时,可以用 shall；不过在现代英语中,will 适用于任何人称；3、一些表示位置移动的动词,如 go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move, sail, travel 等,常用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作；I am coming to see you. 例、 I _ the Great Wall next week. Have a good trip. He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载A visit Bvisited Cam visiting Dhave visited考点四、 过去将来时：表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；1相对于一般将来时而言,句式结构有以下几种：would/should动词原形was/were going to动词原形was/were doing进行时表将来 例、 It was May 30th Mike had just left his home. He was going to start to fish in the river with his friend, so he decided to call his friend first. 2用于主句为一般过去时,宾语从句表示将要发生的事情或曾经准备要做的事情；He asked when the meeting would end. 他问会议何时会终止；I thought it was going to rain. 我当时 认为要下雨；3表示位置移动的动词,如 come, go, leave, arrive 等,可用过去进行时表示在过去某时看来将要发生的动作；She said she was leaving for Beijing that week. 她说那周她要去北京；例、 He wanted to know when _ the English party. Awill we have B we will have C would we have Dwe would have考点五、现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在发生或进行的动作；句式结构：主语amis, are现在分词1、常见标志词：now, at the moment此刻 或含有情形词 look, listen 等；She is doing some washing now. ；We are having a meeting at the moment. Look. She is swimming in the river. Listen. He is singing. 2现在分词的构成方式1直接在词尾加 -ing；listen listening, read reading, laugh laughing2以不发音的 e 结尾的,去 e 再加 -ing；make making, change changing3以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,就双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing；stop stopping, swim swimming, sit sitting plan planning4以 ie 结尾的动词,改 ie 为 y,再加 -ing；die dying, lie lying, tie tying3与 always, usually, forever 等词连用,表示颂扬、厌恶或不满的心情；He is always helping others. We all like him. 他始终在帮忙别人,我们都喜爱他；颂扬 You are usually playing computer games. 你通常都是在玩电脑嬉戏；不满 留意 以下动词通常不用于现在进行时：1表示感觉、 情感、心理活动的动词,want, wish 等；如 see, hear, listen, look, smell, taste, notice, seem, hate, like, love, 2表示全部或占有的动词,如 have, own, belong 等；3表示懂得、记忆或打算的动词,如forget, remember, understand, believe, know, decide 等；考点六、过去进行时：表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作；1、句式结构：主语waswere现在分词2、常用的时间状语有：at nine o'clock last night 昨天晚上九点时 , this time yesterday昨天的这个时候 , at that time 那时 , at that moment 当名师归纳总结 如： I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning. 昨天上午九点我正在给花浇水；第 3 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载I watered my flowers yesterday. 昨天我浇花了；例、 Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone. I'm sorry. I_football with my friends then. A play BPlayed Cam playing Dwas playing 考点七、现在完成时：表示截止于现在,已经完成的动作1、句式结构：主语havehasdone 2现在完成时对应的时间状语：（1）常与 already/yet 已经 , so far到现在为止 , up till now 到现在为止 , recently/lately 最近 , before+现在时间 , in the pastlast.years在过去的 年里 等连用,She has already finished the work. I haven't met him before. （ 2）常与 “ for时间段 ” 或“ since表过去的时间点或时间段”连用；I have worked in the school for about ten years. He has studied English since 10 years ago. He has studied English for 10 years. 例、 The volunteers _ a lot of help to the community for nearly ten years. A offeredBwill offer Care offering Dhave offered 3短暂性动词的现在完成时在确定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用,由于否定句表示的是状态；I haven't seen him for a long time. 我好久没有观察他了；She hasn't received his letter for three years. 她已经三年没有收到过他的信了；3、使用以下两种句型：It's时间段 since从句；时间段 haspassed since从句；他起床一个小时了； ×He got up for one hour. It's one hour since he got up. One hour has passed since he got up. 考点八、 过去完成时： 表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时之前已经发生或完成的动作即“ 过去的过去 ” ； |过去的过去 过去 现在句式结构：主语had done 1、 常用的时间状语有： by the end of last term 到上学期期末为止 以前 , by the time 到 时等；如： By the time we arrived, the meeting had already begun. By the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 new words. 例、 The plane _ when we got to the airport. , by then到那时为止 , before在 A had taken off Bwas taken off C will take off Dis taking off for时间段 ”考点九、现在完成进行时：表示从过去开头始终连续到现在,现在仍在进行的动作1、句式结构：主语 havehasbeendoing 1强调过去发生的动作始终连续到现在,常与 all day, all this morning, all these years 或“连用；She is very tired. She has been typing letters all day. 她很累,她成天都在打字；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编欢迎下载15 年了；I've been working for the company for 15 years. 我为这家公司工作（二）动词语态1 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态；句子的主语是动作承担者时,谓语的形式叫被动作语态； 被动语态由助动词 be + 过去分词构成 （be done）,时态通过 be 表现出来；1） 一般现在时： am/is/are done 3） 一般将来时： will/shall be done 5） 过去进行时： was/were being done 7） 过去完成时： had been done 9. 将来完成时：will have been done2. 一些特别的被动结构2） 一般过去时： were/was done 4） 现在进行时： am/is/are being done 6） 现在完成时： has/have been done 8） 过去将来时： would be done 1） 带情态动词的被动结构 情态动词 be done：The problem must be solved soon.2） 非谓语的被动结构 ：being done 和 to be doneI don't like being laughed at in the public. the room is going to be painted. the homework needs to be done with care. 3在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加 to；例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为4. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“ 动词介词 ” , “ 动词副词 ” 等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开；其中的介词或副词也不能省略；例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday5. 表示 “ 发生、进行 ” 的不及物动词和短语,如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等无被动；系动词无被动例: How do the newspapers come out. 6）主动形式表达被动意义例:Your reason sounds reasonable be worth doing; it is +adj+（for sb）to do sth need,require,want, 主语为物时, sth need/reqiure/want doing 表达被动意义,（相当于 sth need/require/want to be done）例:The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理；. It is said that+ 从句一些表示 “据说 ” 或“ 信任 ”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“It be过去分词 that 从句 ”或“ 主语 be过去分词 to do sth.；例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）名师归纳总结 . 英语中有许多动词如break, catch,clean,drive,lock ,open,sell,read,write ,wash 等,当它们被第 5 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 用作不及物动词来名师精编欢迎下载,主语通常是物；描述主语特点时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义例:This kind of cloth washes well. 留意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特点,而被动语态就强调外界作用造成的影响；试比较： The door won't lock （指门本身有毛病）The door won't be locked （指不会有人来锁门,指“ 门没有锁 ” 是人的缘由）在 too to 结构中,不定式前面可加规律主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义；例 This book is too expensive for me to buy. 特别句式 ：1. it/this is the first/second time that have/has done it/this was the first/second time that had done 2. it is high/about time that 过去时 或者 should do 3. it is/has been 段时间 since 过去式 4.sb was/were aboout to do when 一般过去式sb was/ were doing sthsb was/ were going to do sth 5. would rather+ 从句,从句常用一般过去时6. hardly /scarcely.when从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时no sooner.than. 巩固练习I 适当形式填空 A. 高考真题演练 1.Shakespeare s play Hamlet（make）into at least ten different films over the past years. 2. - Do you think Mom and Dad （be） late. - No, Swiss Air is usually on time. 3. Hurry up. Mark and Carl （expect）us. 4.- So what is the procedure. - All the applicants （interview）before a final decision is made by the authority. 5. The famous musician, as well as his students, _ （invite）to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2022 Taipei Flower Expo. 6.The girl has a great interest in sport and _ （take）badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 7.“ What do you want to be.” asked Mrs. Crawford. “ Oh, I _（be）president,” said the boy, with a smile. 8. Around two o clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ （bother）us. 9. If nothing _（do）, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 10. Have you heard about the recent election. Sure, it _ （be）the only thing on the news for the last three days. 11. I don t understand why you didn t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. 名师归纳总结 I m so sorry. But I _ （do）my homework. expectations from others 12. Generally, students inner motivationwith high 第 6 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载_（be） essential to their development. 13. Could I use your car tomorrow morning. Sure. I （write） a report at home. （have）a rough ride. 14. What about your self-drive trip yesterday. Tiring. The road is being widened, and we 15. I _ （come）to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. 16. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _（have）it for a very long time. 17. We are confident that the environment _（ improve） by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 18. I didn t think I d like the movie, but actually it _（be） pretty good. 19. Oh no. We re too late. The train _（leave）. Thats Ok. We ll catch the next train to London. 20. On Monday mornings it usually （take）me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 21. Jim （watch）a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. 22. Hurry up, kids. The school bus _ （wait）for us. 23. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _ _ （repair）one of the main pipes. 24. We （leave） very early so we packed the night before. 25. If we （act） now to protect the environment, we ll live to regret it. 26. When I first met Bryan I didn t like him, but I （change）my mind. 27. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ （increase）sharply. 28. I felt very tired when I got home, and I （go）straight to bed 29. A Midsummer Night's Dream （open） at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. 30. I m calling about the apartment you （advertise） the other day. Could you tell me more about it. B.模拟训练 1. Don t take the magazine away. It _belong to me.2. I will go to see my son when he _finish the training course. 3. Perhaps it will be a long time before Tom _ from abroad . 4. Often a storm _follow by a calm. 5. If city noises _keep from increasing,people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. 6. I bought this radio yesterday,but it _work. 7. A friend of mine _return to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into. 8. When Jack arrived he _learn Mary had been away for about an hour. 9. We miss Ted a lot, for he _kill trying to save a child in earthquake. 10. Shortly after we _seat,a waiter came over to our table with a smile. 11. I have left the light of my office on, so I _