2022年郭老师讲初中英语语法.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思郭老师讲中学英语语法：情态动词讲解及练习2022-08-10 15:02:36 转载 标签：分类： 我讲语法郭老师中学英语语法情态动词讲解及练习训练情态动词 （Modal Verbs ）* 情态动词也可称为“ 情态助动词（Modal Auxiliaries）” ,由于它和基本助动词（ be,do, have ）都属于助动词类；* 情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气；* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等；* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化；* 常用的情态动词有： can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would 这九大情态动词；其他的仍有ought to, need, dare 等；一、九大情态动词的时态关系：1. 现在式 can - 过去式 could 2. 现在式 may - 过去式 might 3. 现在式 shall - 过去式 should 4. 现在式 will - 过去式 would 5. 现在式 must - 过去式 must （常用 had to 来代替）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思二、情态动词表示“ 可能” 或“ 猜测”should, must, ought to）（can, could, will, would, shall, （1）can 和 could 用于表示“ 可能” 或“ 猜测” ：1. He can't be at home. 2. Can the news be true. 他不行能在家；（否定句）这消息可能是真的吗 . （将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句）3. Anybody can make mistake. 能性）任何人都可能犯错误；（只表示理论上的可（2）may 和 might 用于表示“ 事实上的可能性” 或“ 猜测” ：1. It may rain tomorrow. （表示可能会发生）明天可能会下雨；2. It may snow later this afternoon. （表示猜测）今日下午可能会下雪；3. You might be right. （表示有可能）你可能是对的；（3）will 和 would 用于表示“ 猜测” 或“ 习惯性” ：1. I think he will be all right now. 我想他现在肯定好了；（will be 表示肯定会） 2. That would be his mother. 那确定是他母亲；（ would be 表示确定是） 3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river. 他常常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水；（will 表示常常的）（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“ 必定” ：1. I shall be rich one day. （shall be ） 总有一天我会发达的；2. That should be Sam and his mother. 母亲；（should be ）那准是 Sam和他的（5）must 用于表示“ 必定” ,“ 必会” ：名师归纳总结 1. This must be good for you.（must be 确定）这确定对你是有益的；第 2 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2. All mankind must die.（表示必定会发生的事）全部的人肯定会死的；3. Mustn't there be a mistake. （mustn't 多用于疑问句）那确定会有错误吗？三、情态动词表示“ 许可” 、 “ 恳求” （can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must）（1）can 和 could 用于表示“ 许可” 、“ 恳求” ：1. Can I go with you. （恳求）我能跟你一起走吗？2. Father said I could go to cinema. （表示过去的许可）爸爸说我可以去看电影；3. Could I ask you something. （恳求 , 用 could 比 can 更动听）我可以问你一件事吗？（2）will 和 would 用于表示“ 恳求”1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office. 请问到邮局怎么走？（表示客气恳求）2. Would you give me your address. 请你告知我你的地址,好吗？（用 would比 will 表示更客气）（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的看法1. Shall we talk. 我们谈谈好吗？2. What should we do next. （用 should 比 shall 表示更客气）下一步我们该怎么做？3. Shall he come to see you. （用于第三人称疑问句）要不要他来看你？（4）may 和 might 用于表示“ 许可” （口语中多用 can）1. You may take a walk. （表示赐予许可）你可以散漫步；2. You might read the story for me. （比 may更动听）是否请给我读一读这故事；名师归纳总结 3. May I make a suggestion. 我可以提个建议吗？第 3 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思4. Might I take a look of your work. 5. Students may not make noise in the library. 或禁止）同学不得在图书馆里吵闹；6. If I may say so, you are not right. 你是不对的,假如我可以这么说的话；（5）must 用于表示“ 禁止” ,“ 不准” ：我看看您的大作行吗？（may not 表示不许可（用于条件句,表示恳求）1. Cars must not be parked here. （must not 表示不许可）此地不准停车；2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. not 更强）你们不准在池里钓鱼；四、情态动词表示“ 应当” 、 “ 必需” （shall, to ）（1）shall 和 should 用于表示“ 必需” ：（must not 语气方面比 may should, may, might, must, ought . Each member shall wear a name card. （表示规定）每一个会员必须配带名卡；. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. 该尽快给他回信；（表示应当）我应. You shouldn't judge a man always by the clothes. （shouldn't “ 不应当” 含有劝说的意思）你不应当总是以貌取人；. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. （shall 用于规章等,表示义务和规定）新规章于一月一日起生效；名师归纳总结 （2）may 和 might 用于表示“ 应当 "（多用于法律等条文, 一般上多用 shall）: 第 4 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思. Payment may be paid by check.（表示规定）应以支票付款；. You might ask before you use my computer. 你应当先问过再使用我的电脑；（3）must 用于表示“ 必需” 、“ 务必” ：（might 表示应当）. You must keep the place clean. （务必）你务必保持地方洁净；. We must obey orders. （表示有义务）我们必需听从命令；. Must I pay now. （用于疑问句） （如回答不必时, 需用 needn't 或 don't have to ）我现在就得付款吗？五、情态动词表示“ 意图” 、“ 准备”（will, would, shall, should）（1）will 和 would 用于表示某种意图：（will 主要用于第一人称）我会. I'll call you as soon as possible. 尽快打电话给你；. Will you accept this invitation. 接受这邀请吗？（用 would 就表示更客气）你情愿. Who will do the job. （用于条件句,可用于各种人称）谁情愿做这事？） stay here too long. （will not 表示不愿）. We won't （will not我们不愿呆在这里太久；（2）shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意图：（shall not 也可用 will not ）. We shan't （shall not ） go if it rains. 假如下雨,我们就不准备走了；. I shan't go with you. （ shall 只用在第一人称）我不准备和你一同走；名师归纳总结 六、情态动词表示“ 意愿”（will, would, shall, should）第 5 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（1）will 和 would ：. She will do it if you ask her.（表示主语的意愿）假如你问她,她会做的；（用 would 比 will 客气）你想. Would you have another cup of tea. 再来一杯茶吗？. Will you have some cookies. （will 用于疑问句,表示问人是否情愿）你想吃些烤饼吗？. If he will, he can do it. （will 用于条件句,用于其次、三人称）假如他情愿,他会做的；. Would you excuse me. （would 表示动听语气）你能原谅我吗？（2）shall 和 should ：. He shall get his allowance. （留意是he shall, 表示说话人的意愿）他会拿到他的津贴的；. You should sit here as long as you like. 行；. Shall you go to school with me. 你情愿和我一起到学校去吗？只要你愿意,坐多久能（疑问句中,表示问对方的意愿）此外, 情态动词是中学英语里的一个重要语法项目,也是全国各省市 中考试题的一个考查热点, 现在以全国部分省市中考试题为例,对情态动词的考 点和热点作一分析；一、考查 can 的用法 a. 考查 can 表示才能的用法；在这一用法中, can 表示才能,意思是 " 能,会 ",其否定式 can't 表示 "不能 " ；在过去时中用 could 和 couldn't；例如：1. - Where's Mr. Lee. I have something unusual to tell him. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 - You_find him. He_Japan. （黑龙江）A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to 2. - Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK. - Sorry. It_in such a short time. （山东威海）D. A. may do B. can't be done C. must do needn't be done 3. I have my own room in my house, so I_do what I want in it. （江西）A. must B. have to C. need to D. can 4._you mend my car. I_not start it. （常德市）A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may 5._she ride when she was three years old. （长沙市）A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May 6. The boy_answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. （四川省）A. can B. may C. could b. 考查 can 表示估计的用法；在这一用法中, can 意为 " 可能" ,表示客观可能性, 常常用于疑问句和否定句中；例如：7. - Who is the man over there. Is it Mr. Li. - No, it_be him. Mr. Li is much taller. （河北） A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't 8. - Listen. Someone is singing in the next room. Who_it be. Is it Wei Fang. 名师归纳总结 - No. It_be her. She is at school now. （重庆市）第 7 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 A. will; may not B. must; mustn't C. may; can't D. may; won't 9. - Is Mr. Hu in the reading room. - No, he_be there. He has gone to Tianjin. （新疆） A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't 10. Class 3 won the football match. _it be true. （广东） A. May B. Must C. Will D. Can c. 考查 can / could 表示恳求许可的用法在这一用法中, can 和 could 都表示现在,用 could 比用 can 语气更加委婉客气,常用 Could I / you. 要用 can,不用 could ；例如：句式,表示 " 我/ 你能 吗 .",如表示同意11. - Could I look at your pictures. - Yes, of course you_. （武汉） A. could B. can C. will D. might 12._you pass me a pen. I'd like to write down the telephone number. A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should （北京市海淀区）二、考查 must 的用法 a. 考查 must 表示义务的用法；在这一用法中, must 意为 "必需 ","应当 " ,表示必需要做的事,其否定式 mustn't 表示禁止,即不许对方做某事；例如：13. - May I go to the cinema, Mum. - Certainly. But you_be back by 11 o'clock. （安徽） A. can B. may C. must D. need 14. - SARS is such a terrible disease. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 - Yes, it is. We_be more careful. （浙江嘉兴） A. can B. may C. must D. need the river. （重15. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish_into 庆） A. needn't be thrown B. mustn't be thrown C. can't throw D. may not throw 16. These books_out of the reading room. You have to read them here. （辽宁） A. can't take B. must be taken change to red. C. can take D. mustn't be taken 17. Cars, buses and bikes_stop when traffic lights （上海市） A. can B. may C. must D. need 要留意 must 和 have to 的用法区分：must 表示说话人的主观看法, 而 have to表示客观的需要,意思是 "不得不 " ；例如：18. - Can you go swimming with us this afternoon. - Sorry, I can't. I_take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to （南京）回答 must 开头的一般疑问句,假如是否定的回答,要用 needn't 或 don't have to ,表示 " 不必" ," 没有必要 " 的意思,不用 mustn't ,由于 mustn't 表示禁止或不许,意思是 " 肯定不要 " 的意思；例如：19. - Must I finish the work before five o'clock. - No, you_. （四川）A. needn't B. mustn't C. have to 20. - _I come back before five o'clock. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 - No, you_. But you_be back later than seven o'clock. （烟台市） A. Need; must; mustn't C. Can; can't; can't B. May; mustn't; can't D. Must; needn't; can't 21. - Must I clean the room right now. - No, you_. You_clean it after lunch. （徐 州市） A. needn't; can B. needn't; may C. mustn't; can D. mustn't; may b. 考查 must 表示估计的用法；在这一用法中, must 意为 "肯定 ","确定 " ,表示可能性很大,通常用于确定句,在否定句中要用can't ,表示 " 不行能 "；例如：22. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _be very expensive. A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't （上海）23. This book_ _ Lucy's. Look. Her name is on the book cover. （河南） A. must be B. may be C. can't be D. mustn't be 三、考查 may的用法 a. 考查 may表示恳求许可的用法在这一用法中 ,may 表示许可或征询对方许可,表示 " 可以 "的意思,常常与第一人称 I 连用,构成 May I. 句式,表示 "我可以 吗 ." ；确定回答用 Yes, you may. ；Yes, please. 等；否定回答用 No, you can't. 或 No, you mustn't.,不用 No, you may not ；例如：25. - _I have your name, please. - Yes, Michael. M-I-C-H-A-E-L. （北京市东城区）名师归纳总结 A. Must B. Will C. May D. Need 第 10 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思26. - May I go to the cinema, dad. - No, you_. You must finish your homework first. 江金华市）（浙 A. mustn't B. won't C. don't D. needn't 27. - May I smoke here. - _, you_. It can be dangerous. （滨州市） A. Yes; can B. No; can't C. Yes; may D. No, needn't b. 测试 may表示可能性的用法；在这一用法中 ,may 表示可能性,意思是 " 或许 ","可能 " ,通常用于确定句中；例如：28. You_go and ask Meimei. She_know the answer. （天津）A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may 29. Look out. The knife is very sharp. You_cut your finger. （宁夏） A. need B. must C. should D. may 情态动词使用“ 七留意”情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,需与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语；使用情态动词时应留意以下七点：一、表示“ 不能” 的 can't 与 mustn't的区分；can't表示“ 不能” 时, 意指没有才能； mustn't 表示“ 不能” 时,意指禁止或不答应；试比较：The old man is so tired that he _ go any farther. The baby is asleep. You _ make any noise. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思二、表示“ 必需” 的 must 和 have to 的区分； must 表示说话人的主观看法；而 have to 就表示客观需要；试比较：You _ finish the work today. My father _ work when he was ten years old. 三、回答 must 引导的一般疑问句时,假如是否定回答,一般不用 mustn't ,而 要用 needn't 或 don't have to；如：Must we hand in our exercise books today. No, you _. / No, you _. 四、回答表示恳求的 may引导的一般疑问句时, 不行用 may not ,而要用 mustn't ,也可用 can't ；如：May I use your ruler. No, you _. / No, you _. 五、作为情态动词, need 一般不用于确定句中,仅用于否定句、疑问句和条件 状语从句中；在确定句中,它用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面接 带 to 的动词不定式或名词、代词作其宾语；如： You _（没必要） come so early. He _（需要） finish it this evening. Need I finish the work today. Yes, you _. 六、在回答 could 引导的表示恳求的一般疑问句时,can；如：Could you tell me how to get to the hospital. Of course, I _. 不能用 could 回答,而要用名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思七、“May you + 动词原形. ” ,意为“ 希望 ” ；如：May you succeed. 祝你胜利！May you be happy every day！ 祝你每天欢乐！我的更多文章：郭老师讲中学英语语法：宾语从句讲解及练习 郭老师讲中学英语语法：动词不定式讲解及练习 郭老师讲中学英语语法：宾语从句讲解及练习2022-08-09 00:48:00 2022-08-09 00:44:21 2022-08-09 00:40:22 郭老师讲中学英语语法：被动语态讲解及练习 2022-08-09 00:36:57 郭老师讲中学英语语法：if 引导的条件状语从句 2022-08-08 08:47:45 郭老师讲中学英语语法：过去将来时态讲解及练习 2022-08-08 08:43:24 郭老师讲中学英语语法：状语从句讲解及练习2022-08-08 08:27:25 郭老师讲中学英语语法：冠词讲解及练习 2022-08-08 08:11:02 共享郭老师讲中学英语语法：主谓一样讲解及练习 2022-08-07 08:26:08 郭老师讲中学英语语法：宾语从句讲解及练习 2022-08-06 11:40:10 5 顶名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 13 页