2022年雅思考试短语复习 .pdf

一、“must+have+done ” 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“ 一定做过某事” ，该结构只用于肯定句。1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。二、“cant+have+done ”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“ 不可能做过某事” 。1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。2. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。三、“can+have+done ”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“ 可能做过 吗？ ” 。1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。五、 “may+have+done ” 表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“ 可能已经 ” 或“ 也许已经 ” ，用于肯定句中。What has happened to George? I dont know. He may have got lost. 乔治发生了什么事？ 我不知道，他可能迷路了。六、“might+have+done” 表示对过去事情的推测，might 与 may 意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。七、“would+have+done” 虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“ 本来会做 ” 。1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。八、“should+have+done”意思是 “ 本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldnt+have+done ”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。九、“ought to+have+done ”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“ 理应做 ” ，往往表示遗憾。与 “should+have+done”用法基本一样。I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。十、“need+have+done ” 表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednt+have+done ”则表示 “ 本来不需要做某事而做了” 。I neednt have bought so much wine only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。would like to have done sth 本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. would rather +have done 当时宁愿做了或没做I would rather have refuse his offer 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - There be 结构一、概述英语中有一种表示“ 什么地方或时间存在什么事物” 的 “ 存在 ” 句型，常用 “there +be + 名词 +地点（时间）状语” 结构。这种句型以非重读的there 为引导词， there 本身没有词义，以动词be 的某种形式作谓语动词，以表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组作为句子的主语，be 和主语的数必须一致。句子最后为表示地点和时间的状语。There is no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled. 我们没必要再次讨论这个问题因为这个问题早已解决。There is a map on the wall. 墙上有一幅地图。There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。There is some fish on the plate.盘子里有鱼。二、 There be 结构中的名词及主谓一致1、一个名词或代词作主语当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，其谓语必须用单数is；当主语是可数名词复数时，其谓语必须用复数are。There is a river in the picture. 画里有一条河。There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。There is a river in the picture. 画里有一条河。There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。2、并列名词作主语如果 There be 句型后的主语是几个并列的名词时，be 应与靠近的那个名词保持数的一致。即该名词是单数，be用 is；如该名词是复数，be 用 are。There is one book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书两支钢笔。There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf.架上有两个瓶子，一只烟灰缸。There is a bird and two boys in the tree. 树上有一只鸟和两个男孩。There are some apples and a bird in the tree. 树上有一些苹果和一只鸟。三、 There be 结构中的时态与语态1、There be 结构可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。There are some books on the desk。桌子上有一些书There was an accident last night.昨晚发生了一个事故。There were many students at the concert.许多学生参加了音乐会。There have been many changes in the village recently.最近这个村庄发生了许多变化。There had been a fight here before he came back.在他回来之前这儿有过一场搏斗。There will be a good wheat crop this year. 今年小麦将有一个好收成。There will be a good film in the cinema on next month. 下月电影院将上影一部好片子2、there 可和各种助动词或情态动词连用What a pity my new computer doesn t work.There must be something wrong with it. 很遗憾我们的计算机不能用了。肯定是坏了。There may be a bird on the branch.树枝上也许有一只鸟。There must be no more time wasted.不能再浪费时间了。There used to be a cinema here before the war. 这里战前曾有一座电影院。3、there be 结构中的谓语动词可以是“be going to/seem to/happen to/used to/be likely to/ +be（原形） ” 。There seems to be something wrong with it. 它好象有点毛病。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - There happened to be a car nearby. 碰巧附近有一辆车。There is likely to be a storm. 可能有一场暴雨。There isnt going to be any meeting tonight. 今天晚上没有会。4、There be 结构中的谓语动词有时可采用被动语态。There was said to be a fairy in the forest. 据说树林里有一位仙女。There is expected to be more discussion.希望多讨论。There is reported to be a number of the wounded on both sides. 据报道双方都有伤者。四、 There be 结构的否定和疑问结构There be 结构变成否定句时，须在动词be 后加 not(any)或 no。变成疑问句时，将动词be 提到 there 之前，句子其余部分不变。回答用yes 或 no,后接简单答语Yes，there is/are. 或 No，there isnt/arent. 。1、There be 结构的一般疑问句（1）Is+ there+ a/an+单数名词 +介词短语 ? -Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有个球吗? -No, there isnt.不， 没有。-Is there a table in the room? 屋子里有张桌子是吗？-Yes, there is. 是的，有。（2）Is+ there+不可数名词 +介词短语 ? -Is there any water left in the mug ？杯子里剩下水了吗？-No, there isn t. 不，没有。- Is there any room for the piano? 还有地方放钢琴吗？- I m afraid not.恐怕没地方了。（3）Are+ there+ any+ 复数名词 +介词短语 ? -Are there any books on the desk? 桌上有书吗？-Yes, there are. 是的，有。-Are there any children near the door? 门边有些孩子吗? -Yes，there are.是的，有。-Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗 ? -Yes, there have.是的，有。-Not, there won t. 不，没有。（4）情态动词或助动词+ there be+名词 +介词短语 ? -Will there be a meeting tonight? 今晚有会吗？-Yes, there will. 是的，有。-Have there been any letters from Jack lately? 近日杰克有信来吗? -Yes, there have.是的，有。-Not, there won t. 不，没有。2、There be 结构的特殊疑问句这种句型主要用来询问“ 某处有多少人或物” ，有下列两种情况：（1）How many+ 复数名词 +are there+介词短语 ? How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少学生? How many books are there on the desk? 桌上有多少书？（2）How much+ 不可数名词 +is+ there+介词短语 ? How much water is there in the glass? 杯子里有多少水？How much sand is there on the playground? 操场上有多少啥？名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 3、There be 句型的反意疑问句结构（1）There is + a/an+单数名词 +介词短语 + ， isn t there?（2）There is +不可数名词 +介词短语 +，isn t there?（3）There are+ any+复数名词 +介词短语 +, arent there?（4）There + 情态动词或助动词+ 名词 +介词短语 +,情态动词或助动词的否定+there? There is a book on the desk, isn t there?桌子上有本书，是吗？There is some water in it, isn t there?那里边有些水，是吗？There are many people in the street, arent there?大街上有很多人，是吗？There will be a new film on in the cinema, won t there? 下周电影院上映新电影是吗？4、There be 结构的否定（1）There be + not+ 名词 +介词短语There isn t a computer in the room. 屋子里没有电脑。There arent any books on the table. 桌子上没有书。There are not any books on the desk.桌上没有书。（2）There +情态动词或助动词+not be + 名词 +介词短语There hasn t been any rain recently. 最近没下雨。There won t be a meeting tonight. 今晚没有会。（3）There be + no+ 名词 +介词短语There is no money left. 没钱了。There are no books on the desk.桌子上没有书。（4）There +情态动词或助动词+ be + no+名词 +介词短语There will be no one in at that moment. 那时将没人在家。There might be no money left. 可能没剩下钱。五、 There be 结构中 be 的替代there + be 这种结构，谓语动词除be 之外，还可用live，lie, exist, stand, remain, go, come 等表示 “ 存在 ” 意义的不及物动词。There stands a tree in front of the house.房前有一棵树。Once there lived an Emperor. 从前，有一个皇帝。There remains much to be done. 还有许多事要做。There lies a river at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一条小河。There goes the bell for class.上课铃响了。There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。六、 “there+be ”结构的非限定形式there+ be 结构的非限定形式是there to be 和 there being 两种形式。在句中可以作主语、宾语和状语。作主语there being 结构可以起名词的作用，直接位于句首作主语；当“there to be+ 名词（词组） ” 作主语时，通常用it 作形式主语，并且用for 引导。There being a bus stop near the house is a great advantage. 房子旁边有个停车点，真是方便极了。There not being an index to this book is a disadvantage. 这本书没有索引，查找很不方便。It would be surprising for there to be no objections. 没有反对意见，这倒令人吃惊。It is impossible for there to be any more. 不可能再有了。作宾语名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 作动词宾语时 ,通常用 there to be 结构。 能这样用及物动词为数有限，常见的有 expect, like, mean, intend, want, prefer, hate 等。We expect there to be no argument. 我们希望不再出现争吵。Would you like there to be a picture on the wall? 你喜欢墙上挂幅画吗？People dont want there to be another war. 人们不希望再有战争。在作介词的宾语时，如果介词是for，便只能用there to be 结构，其它介词要用there being结构。The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence. 老师在等着大家都安静下来。I never dreamed of there being any chance for me to try. 我做梦也没想到有让我试试的机会。作状语用作状语的there be 非谓语形式，通常用there being 结构。There being nobody in the room, he didnt go in. 由于屋里没有人，他没进去。There being no further business, the chairman closed the meeting. 没有什么事，主席宣布散会。There being nothing else to do we went home. 没有什么事，我们就回家了。七、 “there+ be ”结构与 have的区别have 表示所有关系， 前有主语， 意为 “ 归主语所有 ” ；“there +be”则表示 “ 存在 ” 的状态， 即“ 某地有某物 /某人 ” 。I have a computer.我有一台电脑。There is a radio on the desk.桌子上有一台收音机。There are three children in my family 。我家有三个孩子。I have three children. 我有三个孩子。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -