2022年雅思听力同义转换归类 .pdf

雅思听力同义转换朗阁雅思培训 中心胡佳琴准备 IELTS 的烤鸭们应该知道听力的核心是定位加理解，而理解的核心是同义转换。所以，得同义词者， 得听力。 既然同义词对听力解题如此重要，烤鸭们该如何取胜？朗阁雅思培训中心的专家通过对剑桥历年真题的研究，发现听力的同义转换主要有以下几个原则：一、词性的转换词性的转换，通俗地说就是变形，主要是指几种常见和常用的词性之间的转换，如名词、动词、形容词和副词等。如剑桥 8 Test4 Section4中的 Q40 Symbolizes in Aboriginal culture 原文： Even today, Aborigines see the Rainbow Serpent as a symbol of creation. 分析：题目中的动词symbolizes被原文中的名词symbol替换，形容词Aboriginal被原文中的名词Aborigines替换。如果注意到这两者间的词性转换，就很容易听出答案creation。再如剑桥4 Test3 Section2中的 Q12 What will the reviewer concentrate on today? A theatre B dance C exhibition 原文： For today s report though, Geoffrey, Im looking at some of the theatrical events that you might like to see. 分析：选项中的名词theatre被原文中的形容词theatrical替换，这样就可以轻松地选择A 选项。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 二、同义词或同义词组的转换同义词的转换， 顾名思义就是意思相同或相近的词之间的转换。词组的转换一般情况下是同义词转换的一个衍生。如果一个词找不到合适的同义词解释，就会用一个意思接近的词组进行解释，有时甚至会用一个句子进行同义转换。如剑桥 5 Test4 Section1中的 Q3 Intended length of stay: 原文：-And how long would you want to stay with the host family? - I m planning on staying a year but at the moment I m definitely here for four months only. I have to get an extension to my permit. 分析： 题目中的intended被原文中的同义词planning替换，注意到这两者间的同义转换，就不难定位答案four months, 否则就很容易掉入出题者所设置的陷阱a year中。再如剑桥9 Test1 Section2中的 Q15 Shops specializes in equipment for 原文：, but they particularly focus on running, and they claim to have the widest range of equipment in the country. 分析：题目中的词组specialize in被原文中的词组focus on替换。还有在剑8 Test2 Section4中的 Q35 中出现了一个难度较大的词与句子间的同义转换Shona needs to do further research in order to A present the government with her findings. B decide the level of extra funding needed. C identify the preferences of the public. 原文： I will need to do more far-reaching research than I had anticipated in order to establish if people want extra medical staff invested in the community, or if they want care to revert to fewer, but larger, key medical units. 分析：仔细对比题目和原文，不难发现题目的正确选项中的单词preferences与原文中的名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 句子结构if , or if是同义关系。这就提醒烤鸭们，在平时的备考练习中，除了掌握意思接近的同义词或词组外，还要掌握词与句子结构间的同义转换。三、上下义的转换上下义是指在语义上有包含与被包含关系的词语。通常， 上义词是对事物的概括性说明，下义词是对事物的具体说明。如剑桥 8 Test4 Section2中的 Q16 原文： So the roadway at the entry to Thomas Street from Days Road will be painted red. 分析：题目中colored与原文中的red 是上下义的同义转换关系，所以答案选B。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 四、句子的转换句子的转换主要是指主动句和被动句的转换，陈述句和疑问句的转换，以及肯定句和否定句的转换。如剑桥 4 Test1 Section2中的 Q12 The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by who lived in the area. 原文： Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the water wheels were first established in the twelfth century, would you believe? At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the river. 分析：题目中的被动句be established by 与原文中的local craftsmen built构成了同义转换，导致答案前置，所以本题的难度系数较大，不易定位答案local craftsmen。再如剑桥8 Test4 Section2中的 Q12 It has been decided that the overhead power lines will be A extended. B buried. C repaired. 原文：Well, Im happy to report that the power company have agreed to move the overhead power lines underground at a cost of $800,000. 分析：题目中的被动句It has been decided that the overhead power lines will be与原文中的主动句the power company have agreed to move the overhead power lines underground进行了同义转换，所以答案选B。还有在剑桥7 Test4 Section3中的 Q22 The presentation will not be . 原文：-And is this one going to be assessed? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -No, not this time round, because it s the first one, you know.分析：题目中的陈述句与原文中的疑问句进行了同义转换，导致答案前置，但是因为答案assessed离关键词not 很近，所以不难定位。最后看剑桥5 Test2 Section2中的 Q14 What does Dan say about the town of Rivas? A It has received the greatest number of bikes. B It has almost as many bikes as Amsterdam. C Its economy has been totally transformed. 原文： One example of a town thats received bicycles from Pedal Power is Rivas. It was the first place I sent a full container of bicycles to. Most people there now own a bicycle. The local economy has developed so much, you wouldn t recognize it as the same place. In fact, there are more bikes than on the streets of Amsterdam, if you ve ever been there.分析：正确选项中的肯定句Its economy has been totally transformed与原文中的否定句 The local economy has developed so much, you wouldn t recognize it as the same place进行了同义转换。综上所述，同义转换在雅思听力中可以说是无处不在的，不仅Section1中有， Section4中也有；不仅填空题中有， 选择题中也有。 烤鸭们在做题的时候要注意哪里出现了同义转换，是怎样进行转换的，不仅能扩充自己的词汇量，也有助于了解出题者的思路和常见的陷阱，做到“知己知彼，百战不殆”。另外，它山之石可以攻玉，烤鸭们还可以把听力中学到的同义词灵活运用于阅读和写作中，为阅读和写作添色。最后，朗阁雅思培训中心的专家通过对剑桥历年真题的总结，整理了其中最高频的同义词分享给各位考生。1. 动词篇预订book/reserve/booking/reservation 提前in advance/ahead of time/ahead of schedule/before 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 支付，花费，价格pay/cost/price/fee/fare/expense/charge 帮助help/support/sponsor/assist/aid 找到，发现identify/discover/find/find out/look for/locate 依靠，需要depend on/rely on/count on/need 处理，解决deal with/cope with/handle/address/tackle 改变，调整change/alter/shift/transform/revise/modify/adjust 计划，打算plan/intend 保护protect/preserve/reserve/conserve/savefrom/rescue/safe/safety威胁threaten/endanger/dangerous/threat 影响affect/effect/impact/influence 要求require/request/ask for/need 包括include/involve/cover 位于be located in/be situated in/be set in/be in 分发，分配distribute/send out/give out/deliver 建造build/establish/construct/set up 重点是，专注于focus on/concentrate on/specialize in/be devoted to 出发leave/depart/departure 到达arrive/arrival/get to/reach 增加increase/expand/go up/more 减少decrease/reduce/decline/go down/less/fewer 能够be able to/ability/expertise/can/be possible to 组织organize/hold/arrange/run 提供offer/provide/supply 选择select/choose/go for/opt for/selection/choice/option 放弃give up/quit 收集collect/gather 参加attend/participate in/take part in/get involved in 拒绝refuse/turn down/decline 2. 名词篇名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 居民people/population/resident/inhabitant/human/community 动物animal/wildlife/creature 植物plant/vegetation 地点place/area/location/site/spot/region 环境environment/surrounding/condition/circumstance/neighborhood 方法way/method/how/means/by means of/with/use/approach/methodology 特征feature/characteristic/special 种类type/sort/kind/category/classification 情况介绍introduction/induction/orientation 问题，麻烦problem/question/trouble 优点advantage/good point/benefit/merit/strength 缺点disadvantage/drawback/poor/shortcoming/demerit/weakness/,but 活动activity/event 娱乐entertainment/recreation/leisure 电影movie/film/documentary/cartoon/romance/action 图片picture/photo/image 小册子brochure/booklet/leaflet 期刊journal/issue/periodical 茶点，点心refreshment/drinks and snacks 3. 形容词篇大部分的most/majority/a large part of/a significant proportion of/over 50% 特定的，特殊的special/particular/certain/specific 重要的important/significant/key/stressed/essential/crucial 有趣的interesting/fascinating/funny/attractive/charming 惊讶的surprised/amazing/dont expect/be taken aback by 相关的relevant/relate to/link to/have something to do with/Its to do with当地的local/from the area/in the area/native/indigenous 国内的home/domestic 国外的foreign/overseas/abroad 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 可得到的available/have 现在的present/current/at the moment/now 以前的previous/former/original/used to/in the past 最开始的first/first of all/to begin with/to start with 最后的last/final/lastly/finally 最大的maximum/up to/at most 最小的minimum/start at/at least 大范围的，各种各样的a range of/a variety of/all kinds of 足够的enough/sufficient 精确的，正确的accurate/exact/correct/right 有名的famous/well-known 4. 介词篇从到 from to /between and在后面behind/at the back 在中间in the middle/in the center 在附近next to/beside/near/be close to 贯穿整个 throughout/all over the关于about/on/regarding/in regard to 大约about/approximately/around 超过more than/over/above 少于less than/below/under 5. 连词篇因为because/because of/be caused by/for/as/since/,so 尽管although/though/while/,but 当时候when/while/as/at the time of 如果if/when/provided 不但 而且 not onlybut also /not merelybut also /not justbut 和 and/also/as well as/another/too/ so do /as do 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 为了in order to/to /aim at 例如for example/for instance/such as/like/and so on/ etc ./ thatsort of thing 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -