2022年非谓语动词学案-+答案.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 语法复习专题七 非谓语动词一、 非谓语动词的分类非不定式 to do 动名词v-ing as n. 谓现在分词as adj. or adv. 语v-ed 过去分词二、 非谓语动词的语法功能准时态、语态 1、句法功能种类主语宾语在句中的作用状语补语不定式 to do 表语定语动名词 doing 主语宾语表语定语状语补语分现在分词 doing 表语定语词过去分词done 2、时态、语态类别形式时态时态概念主动式被动式形式一般式谓语动作之后to do to be done 完成式谓语动作之前to have done to have been done to do 进行式与谓语动作to be doing ×同时发生doing 一般式与谓语动作doing being done 几乎同时 done 完成式谓语动作之前having done having been done 发生了、完成了done 三、非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句谓语动词的动词显现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词；1 , 又没有连词的情形下 , 仍有别名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Ex. 1: 找出以下句子中的非谓语动词含短语；1. Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 5. To live is to struggle. 生活就是斗争； 四、非谓语动词的用法 非谓语三种基本形式表达的意义 . Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful. 主动 ,进行 . Please keep quiet in the reading room. 性质 . Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被动 , 完成 . We see fallen leaves on the ground. 完成 . Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful. 状态 . We are invited to a party to be held next Friday. 将来 . We plant many trees to make our city green. 目的 表达意义：动词-ing ：主动 , 进行 , 性质；动词-ed ：被动 , 完成, 状态；to do：将来 , 目的；1、 v-ing 作非谓语动词1作主语Eg: Seeing is believing. Sending e-mail is increasingly popular. Ex. 2: 请用 v-ing 作主语,把以下句子翻译成英文；1说太多会给你带来麻烦；_ 2 漫步对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式；_ 2作宾语Eg: I couldnt help crying when I heard the bad news. mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, can等动词用 v-ing 作宾语； 在表示 “需要 ” 的 need, want和 require 等后用 v-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义 , 也可用不定式的被动式；Eg: This car needs repairing. Or: This car needs to be repaired.Ex. 3: 请把以下句子翻译成英文；1你介意独处吗？ _ 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2他没有立刻把消息告知她；_ 3这种食物要煮过才能吃；_ 3作表语Eg: The story is so moving. The book is very interesting. Ex. 4: 请把以下句子翻译成英文；1这个问题真的很令人困惑；_ 2他的话很让人扫兴；_ 4作定语 Eg: China is a developing country. The kite flying in the sky was made by him. 位置： 1单个的动词的 -ing 形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语；如：a flying object 2动词的 -ing 形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语；如 : an object flying in the air 假如-ing 形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即 being done, 通常表示 正在被做,常做后置定语；如：the tall building being built now 正在被建的高楼 Ex. 5: 请用 v-ing 作定语,把以下句子翻译成英文；1这片正被破坏的森林曾经是很迷人的；_ 2 在一中学习的同学数量大约为 8000 人；_ 3 这是一部让人感动的电影；_ 5v-ing 作状语 1 v-ing 短语在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、缘由、结果、条件、方式或相伴动 作等； 表时间Eg: Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football. When hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing. 表缘由Eg: Being poor, he couldnt go to school.Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note. Not knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him.3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 表方式或相伴Eg: She stood, waiting for a bus. He sat there, reading a book. The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 表结果Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. Her husband died, leaving her four children. They fired, killing many people in the street. 表条件Eg: Using your head, youll find a good way. Working hard, you ll surely succeed.2当 v-ing 形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时,应使用完成式：having done Eg: Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. Ex. 6: 用所给词的适当形式填空；1 _ not know much French, they couldn when they were in Paris. 2 _ finish all work, they went home. make themselves understood 3 Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ say nothing about the argument. 4 _ gather around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. 5 _ look at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.6 It rained heavily in the south, _ cause serious flooding in several provinces. 6v-ing 作宾补 have, leave, keep, see, watch, hear, find, notice, feel, catch等动词及 with 介词后可用 v-ing 形式作宾补；Eg: Can you hear a girl singing an English song in the next room now. With his mother helping him, he is getting on well with his work. 2、 v-ed 作非谓语动词 1 作表语Eg: We were so bored that we couldnt help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened. Ex. 7: 用括号内的词的适当形式填空；1 I _ satisfy with your answer. 2 He is not_ interest in research. 2 作定语 Eg: She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food 熟食；成品 fried eggs 煎鸡蛋；炒蛋 frozen food 速冻食品4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - required courses 必修课fallen leaves 落叶finished products 成品 a forced smile 苦笑 Ex. 8: 用括号内词的适当形式填空；1 What the language_ speak in that country. 2 They problems_ leave over by history. 3 The play_ put on by the teachers was a big success. 4 Is there anybody_ injury. 3 作状语 Eg: Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. They came in, followed by some children. Ex. 9: 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空；1 _ give good health, I hope to finish the work this year. 2 _ depress, he went to see his elder sister. 3 When _treat with kindness, he was very amiable. 4 作宾补 1 在感官动词后面做宾补 常用的感官动词包括： see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find 等；Eg: I can smell something burnt. 2在使役动词后面做宾补 常用的使役动词有： have, get, make, leave等；Eg: She had her eyes examined yesterday. 3 在 with/ without 结构中 Eg：With so much work unfinished, I cant leave now.4在某些动词之后,相当于省略了 to be；常见的动词有： want, would like, prefer 等；Eg: The manager wanted the work to be finished by 3:00 Ex. 10: 用括号里单词的适当形式填空；1 I will have the clothes _ wash tomorrow. 2 When they get back home, they found the room _ rob. 3 He would like the water _ boil before drinking. 4 I saw a boy _ knock down by a car just now. 5 He shouted to make himself _ hear. 6 Without enough money _ leave, he can t go on with his experiment. 3、 to do 作非谓语动词 1 不定式作补语 动词+宾语 +不定式的结构advise allow cause challenge command compel drive enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/ love order permit 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge Eg: Father will not allow us to play on the street. The officer ordered his men to fire. 留意：有些动词如 make,have,get,want 等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作 宾补；现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动；2 不定式作主语 不定式作主语,往往用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面；Eg: It's so nice to hear your voice. It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. It's for sb.和 It's of sb. for 这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式规律主语标志用 或 of 的区分；1for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特点特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等；Eg: It's very hard for him to study two languages. 2of sb 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智才能、主观感情或态度的形容 词,如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right；Eg: It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮忙我,你真是太好了；3 不定式作表语 不定式可放在 be 动词后面,形成表语；Eg: My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor. 4 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作；Eg: I have a lot of work to do.There was nothing to bring home that morning. 5 不定式作状语 1目的状语 常用结构为 to do , only to do 仅仅为了 , in order to do, so as to do, so such as to 如此 以便 ；Eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you. 2作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面；Eg: I awoke to find my truck gone. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3表缘由 Eg: I'm glad to see you. She wept to see the sight. 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4表示理由和条件 Eg: He must be a fool to say so. You will do well to speak more carefully. 6 省去 to 的动词不定式 1 情态动词除 ought 外后；2 使役动词let, have, make 后,感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后； 留意：被动语态中不能省去 to；I saw him dance. = He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. = They were made to work the whole night. 3 would rather, had better句型后4 Why dont you . /Why not .句型后Why not try once more. 何不再试一下 . 5 help 后可带 to,也可不带 to, 如： help sb to do sth. 6 but 和 except 后；but 前是实义动词 do 时,后面显现的不定式不带 to；比较： He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 7 由 and, or和 than连接的两个不定式,其次个 to 可以省去；8 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时,可以省去 to be；Eg: He is supposed to be nice.7 不定式的特殊句型 too to too to 太 以至于 Eg: He is too excited to speak. 8 不定式的特殊句型 so as to 否认式是 so as not to do Eg: Get up early so as to catch the bus. Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.五、 v-ing 和 v-ed 的区分 从时态和语态两个角度去区分 v-ing 时态语态进行时主动 v-ed 过去被动1、作定语 a developed country / a developing country a student playing with knife people fighting against wars 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - a soldier wounded by knife a road covered with snow v-ing 表示动作正在进行或者是主动关系；v-ed 表示已经发生的或者被动关系；2、作状语 Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town. Hearing the good news, we all jumped up with joy. Seen from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful. Given more time, we could finish the job. v-ing 用作状语时 , 和主句的主语构成主动关系；v-ed 用作状语时 , 和主句的主语构成被动关系；3、作宾补 They kept me waiting for a long time. He watched the cars coming and going. Mr. Li has Jim standing outside the door. I had my MP3 repaired last week. We heard this song sung in English. No matter how I try, I just cant make myself understood by the foreigner. v-ing 用作宾补时 , 和句子中的宾语构成主动关系,说明宾语始终在做或正在做某 事；v-ed 用作宾补时 , 和句子中的宾语构成被动关系,说明宾语的情形；六、非谓语动词的结题步骤三大步骤1. 判定用谓语 /非谓语谓语：一般形式依据一般的时态、语态变化 非谓语： doing/ done/ to do 2. 找出规律主语 3. 挑选非谓语动词的形式 表达意义 ：v-ing, v-ed, to do Step 1是否使用非谓语Ex. 11: 先判定一下句子是否有非谓语动词,再用括号内动词的适当形式填空；1_ study hard, you will pass the final exam. 2 She got off the bus and _ head for home. 3 I think I _ be not strict enough with you. 4 Look. The girl _ sing is Alice and the one who_ dance is Mary. 小结：一个句子当中,已经存在谓语动词 谓语动词；Ex. 12：用 turn 的正确形式填空；, 没有从句,又没有连词的情形,那就要非1 If you _ to the left, you'll find the post office. 2_ to the left, and you'll find the post office. 3 _ to the left, you'll find the post office. 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Step 2 找规律主语 Ex. 13: 观看以下句子,然后填空；1 He sat at the desk, writing a letter. 2 Taken good care of, the trees will grow up quickly. 3 He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information. 以 上 的 非 谓 语 动 词 在 句 子 中 充 当 的 成 分 是 _, 它 们 的 逻 辑 主 语 是 _；4 The school built 10 years ago is Xiyi Middle school . 5 Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise. 6 I m calling to ask about the position advertised in China Daily. 以 上 的 非 谓 语 动 词 在 句 子 中 充 当 的 成 分 是 _, 它 们 的 逻 辑 主 语 是 _；7 I found them painting the windows. 8 I found the windows painted. 9 With his friend helping him ,he finished his work quickly. 以 上 的 非 谓 语 动 词 在 句 子 中 充 当 的 成 分 是 _, 它 们 的 逻 辑 主 语 是_； Step 3 挑选非谓语动词的形式Ex. 14：用适当的非谓语动词形式填空；1） They went to Shanghai, with their son _ leave to his grandparents. 2） They are busy, _ prepare files wanted in the interview. 七、独立主格结构独立主格结构 Absolute Structure是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结 构,用于修饰整个句子；独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成规律上的主谓关系；这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当敏捷,可置 于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开；需特殊留意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词； 独立主格结构的功能和用法1名词 /代词 +现在分词Eg: Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 2名词 /代词 +过去分词Eg: This done, we went home. Homework finished, the boy went out to play. 3名词 /代词 +不定式Eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend. s9 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4名词 /代词 +形容词 Eg: An air accident happened to the lane, nobody alive. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 5名词 代词 +副词 Eg: The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 6名词 /代词 +介词短语 Eg: Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 小结： 1独立主格结构的规律主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在；2两部分之间没有连接词连接；独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开；Ex. 15: 挑选合适的选项；1Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that 2He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 3He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 非谓语动词综合练习一、语篇练习My sister, Paula, and her husband, Chris, had just finished 1_ tuck their young ones into bed one evening when they heard crying 2 _ come from the childrens room. 3 _ rush in, t