2022年高中名词性从句复习精讲及练习.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句,它在复合句中能担任主语、 宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；引导名词性从句的连接 词可分为三类：连接词 that, whether, if连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词： when, where, how, why；区分以下名词性从句的类别：1. How the book will sell depends on its author. 2. John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 3. The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 4. The fact that he has not been seen recently surprised everyone in his office. 5. He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S. 6. It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting. 一 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式 主语 it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾；1. that 引导主语从句时,常用it 作形式主语的常见句型1 It be +形容词 necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain 等+that从句你们都通过了驾考真是太棒了；_ 2 It be+名词短语a pity/a shame/a surprise等 +that 从句你错过了这么出色的演讲真遗憾；_ 3 It be +过去分词 said/told/reported/decided等+that 从句据建议试验楼将于明年修建；_ 4 It +不及物动词 seems/appears/happens/occurs/ 等+that 从句好像他们犯了同样的错误；_ 2. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分that 在名词性从句不作成分,无意义,但不能省略；而what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,例如：1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - a What you said yesterday is right. 翻译： 1他会来是确定的；2哪个队会赢得竞赛与我无关；b That she is still alive is amazing. 3 使我最惊讶的是观察一个人在那里吸烟；二 宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 及物 动词 或介词之后,即动宾、介宾；1. that 引导宾语从句,在句子不作成分,无意义,可以省略：他说他已经读完这部小说；He said that he had finished reading this novel. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请；She told me that she would accept my invitation. 注：并列其次个以上的宾语从句,其次个开头的 that 不能省略 . He said that he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one. 常用 it 作形式宾语：“ 6123” 结构：6 个动词 find/ feel/ consider/think/make/ believe+1 个 it+2 个形容 词/名词 +3 结构 to do/doing/that 从句I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. I consider it possible that he is ill. that 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等；也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作缘由状语从句；Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exam. I am afraid that I ve made a mistake.2. 由 wh-引导的宾语从句你知道冬天为什么比夏天冷吗._ 他不能说出他家在哪； _ 我们完全懂得他所说的；_ 注： whether和 if 引导名词性从句的区分 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. if 只能引导及物动词后面的宾语从句,不与or not 连用,译为“ 是否”；2. whether引导介词和动词后面的宾语从句,仍可以引导其他名词性从句,后面可 以跟 or not,可以跟不定式连用；We don t know whether or not she was ready. I m interested in whether you have finished the work. The question is whether the work is worth doing. 三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“ 主语连系动词表语从句”；可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等；引导表语从句的 that 不行省略；另外,常用的仍有 the reason is that和 It is because当主语是 the reason时,不能用 because引导要用 that 等结构；例如：1 The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2 This is _ we can t get the support of the people.3 But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes. 4 The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. 四. 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句；1. 功能对名词进一步说明,说明名词的详细内容,一般由 that 引导；这些名词 常见的有 fact, news, hope, truth, suggestion, thought, order, problem, belief, doubt, 等；The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 位置有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分 1 定语从句中 that 代替先行词,在从句中作某个成分主语或宾语,而同位语 从句中 that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分；e.g. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.第一个 that 引导的3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 从句是定语从句, that 在从句中作宾语The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.同位语从句, that 在句中不作任 何成分五、疑问词 +ever 引导的名词性从句 1. Wh-+ever 引导名词性从句,有词义,并在句子作成分；_ breaks the law should be punished. _he goes makes his parents worry. 2. Wh-+ever 仍可以引导让步状语从句,可以替换成 只能引导让步,不能引导名词性从句；no matter wh-;但 no matter wh-Whatever No matter what you do, you must do it well. 3. what 和 whatever I m always ready to do whatever the Party demands. whatever=anything that 任何事情 /东西 I have tried my best to do what I can to help him. what详细的事情 /东西 who 和 whoever I want to know who broke the window. who 暗含疑问的意思 Whoever comes here will receive a gift. whoever=anyone/those who 练习：1. _ will be chosen as the best singer has not been decided. 2. I persuaded my parents _ we should go to Italy for a holiday rather than Scotland. 3. Up to now, I havent got any idea _ we should go on with the project. 4. He has heart disease. That is _he has been smoking too much. 5. _I want to tell you is _ I ve made a decision that I will give up the job. 6. At the evening party the host said _ was able to solve the riddle谜语 could get a nice present as a reward. 7. _makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 8. _was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 9. I ve been thinking about _ we can make the newspaper more interesting. 10. It doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park. 11. _they have won the game made us excited. A./B. ThatC. WhatD. Where 12. _I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. A. If B. WhetherC. Even ifD. When 13. _he says in his report is a very interesting question. A. WhichB. HowC. WhatD. That 14. _certain that his invention will lead to the development of production. A. That isB. This isC. It isD. It has 15. _is unknown to us all. A. Where did she put it B. Where she put it C. That where she put itD. In which she put it 16. It is announced that big prizes will go to _finishes the assignment on time. A. whom B. who C. whomever D. whoever 17. _all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That; what 18. It is _Tom often breaks the school rules _ makes his teacher unsatisfied with him. A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. which; that 19. Mr. Black is a motivator. Yes, he always makes his students interested in _ topic they are discussing. A. whatever B. no matter what C. what D. which 20. I m afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. why D. where 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Fill in the blanks with the right form. 1. On her next birthday, Ann _ be married for twenty years. 2. All visitors to this village _ treat with kindness. 3. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _ _play the piano upstairs. 4. In 1492, Columbus _ land on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. 5. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son college. _ graduate from 6. This is the second time that I_ visit your hometown. 7. It has been three years since I _ join the Party. 8. It is the most instructive lecture that I school. _ attend since I came to this 9. At seven tomorrow morning I _ sleep at home. 10. More expressways _ build in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 11. The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was ill. 12. We have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected. 13. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 14. I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 15. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 16. Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday. 17. Is this the museum _some German friends visited last Wednesday. 18. This is just the place _I am longing to visit these years. 19. The way _ he looks at problem is wrong. 20. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _you may spend your weekend. 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页