2022年高中语法主谓一致练习题.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 语法 - 主谓一样和代词一样一、主谓一样主谓一样有很多原就,概括起来不外乎三种一样原就,即语法形式一样,概念一样（语言内容上一样）,毗邻一样（谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一样）；1. 语法形式一样 : 按主语的语法形式 单复数 确定谓语的形式（1）单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式；复数主语,用 and 或 both and 连接的动词不定式短语、 动名词短语以及主语从句作主语, 谓语动词就用复数形式；例如：1 The performance was very funny. 2 Serving the people is my great happiness. 3 Whether we ll go depends on the weather.4 Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 5 Both you and I are students. 6 What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 注 1：在 what 引导的主语从句中,假如主语补语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式；例如：What we have to learn are the pieces of language that produce inversion. 注 2：修饰语对主语的数不起影响；例如：The performance of the first three clowns was very funny. （2）由 as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面,不能看作是并列主语, 该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍旧用单数形式；例如：1 My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office. 2 The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV 3 His sister no less than you is wrong. 4 The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. 3有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中作主语时, 尽管在意义上是多数, 谓语动词仍要用单 数形式；这类代词有 either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody 等；例如：1 Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜爱对方的伴侣； 2 Everything around us is matter. 我们四周的全部东西都是物质； 4在 neither of与 either of的结构里,一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式,一般 用单数形式；例如：1 Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. 2 Has either of them been seen recently. 5当 and 连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事,and 后的名词前没有冠词, 谓语动词应当用单数形 式；在 and 后面的名词前有冠词,谓语就用复数形式；例如：1The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早饭供应黄油面包； 2The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黄油和面包； （6）当 one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式；例如：1One of those students has passed the examination. 2A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. （7）plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of 等 + 可数与不行数名词作主语时,不可数名词的谓语只用单数,可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定；例如：1）Half of this building is to be completed by spring. 2）Half of the buildings have been painted completely. 3）There is plenty of water in the pail. 4）There are plenty of eggs in the box. - 1 - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5）There is loads of milk on the farm. 6）There are loads of big red apples on the ground. （8）由 all of, most of, a lot of, some of, none of, plenty of , the rest, the majority of 等 + 名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词的单复数一样；例如：1）None of the books satisfy the students. 2）None of this meat is fit to eat. 3）All of the research work was designed by the chief engineer. 4）All of the students are against the plan for an outing at this time of the term. 5 The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 6 The majority of criminals are non-violent. （9）由 more than one 或 more than one + 单数名词 ,many a + 单数名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数 形式；例如：1）More than one student has passed the examination. 2）Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 注：假如 more than后面是复数名词,就谓语动词要用复数；例如： More than two hundred students have attended the lecture. （10）quantity of + 不行数名词, 谓语动词用单数形式 ; quantities of + 可数与不行数名词, 谓语动词用 复数形式；例如：1）Great quantities of milk are needed in this city. 2）There is a large quantity of milk. + of + 名词” ,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of 后的名（11）假如名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数词或代词的单、复数形式；例如：1）Over three-quarters of the swampland has been reclaimed. 2）Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. （12）定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一样；例如：1）He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 2）“ Keep cool ” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. 注：当 one之前有 the only等限定词修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式；例如：He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. 2.概念一样（语言内容上一样）（1）有些集合名词如 crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦乐队） , group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等,它们作主语时, 谓语动词的数要依据语言内容而定；假如它们作为一个集体单位时, 动词用单数形式, 如就其中的各个成员来说, 就谓语用复数形式； 例如：1）His family is going to move. 2）His family are very well. 3）The public is / are requested not to leave litter in the park. 注：如这类词后跟有定语从句时,定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一样的原就,强调详细成员时,谓语动词用复数,关系代词用who; 强调整体时,谓语动词用单数,关系代词用which；例如：1）The government who were responsible for this event attempted to find a solution. 2）The government which was responsible for this event attempted to find a solution. 2有些表示总称意义的名词, 形式上是单数,而意义上却是复数, 谓语动词要用复数形式, 如 people, police, militia, cattle, poultry（家禽）等；例如：1）Cattle were allowed to graze on the village common. 2）The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. 3有些名词形式上是复数,而意义上却是单数；如 news, means, works.仍有很多以 ics结尾的学科 名称,如 economics, physics, mechanics, politics 等,它们作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数形式； 例如：1）Politics is a complicated business. - 2 - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2）Here is the news. 4用 and 连接的单数主语,前面有 each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式；复 数主语与 each连用时,应不受 each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式；例如：1 Each pen and each paper is found in its place. 2 Every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 3 Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 4 The old workers and the young each have their own tools. 5表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式；例如：1 Twenty miles is a long way to walk. t enough to get me drunk. 2 Three pints isn6国家、单位和书报的名称,作为一个单一的概念,其谓语动词要用单数形式；例如：1）War and Peace is the longest book Ive read.2）General Motors has recently closed down a plant. 通用汽车公司最近关闭了一家工厂； 3.毗邻一样（就近原就）1由连词 or, neither or, either or, not only 毗邻一样的原就,与贴近它的主语一样；例如：1 He or you have taken my pen. 2 Either you or he is no telling the truth. also, nor 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数形式按3 Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. 2在 there be 的结构中,谓语动词的单复数形式一般也实行就近原就；例如：1There is a desk and four benches in the office. 2There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 二、代词指代一样指代一样是指句中的代词应当在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一样；1.人称一样 1当代词指代名词或另一个代词时,须在人称上与所指代的词保持一样；例如：1）I recognized one of the girls, but I didnt speak to her.2 That woman said that she was over fifty. 3 They asked whom they should apply to. 2当代词指代集合名词时,用单数人称代词强调整体,用复数人称代词强调个人；例如：1 The committee have discussed their report on the disaster. 2 The audience are raising their hands to signify their approval. 3当 everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody 等作主语时,相应的代 词一般采纳单数形式；例如：1 If anyone calls, tell him Ill be back later.2 Everyone thinks he is the center of universe. 注：在非正式文体中,特殊是在会话体里,常用代词的复数形式是为了有意不详细说出所指的那个人的性别；例如：1 Has anybody brought their camera. 2 No one could blamed themselves. 4由 neither nor, not only but also, either or, not 等连结的并列主语, 其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词；例如：1 Neither you nor I am wrong, are we. 2 Both Tom and Jack came, didnt they.2.性、数、格一样 1代词的性一般仅限于第三人称；例如：1 China will always do what she has promised to do. - 3 - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 The boy stood at the door with his hat in his hand. 2 当 or 或 nor 连接阳性名词或阴性名词时,代词一般和近者保持一样；例如：1 Neither John nor Mary has got what she wanted. 2 If you should see Mary or Thomas, tell him the news. 3单数名词由 and 连接时,相应的代词一般用复数形式；例如：1 Food and rent are more expensive than they used to be. 2 Jim and Mary spoke on the subject as if they were experts. 感谢大家下载 ,本文档下载后可依据实际情形进行编辑修改.再次感谢大家下载.飞翔在学问的海洋吧. - 4 - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页