2022年高三英语完型专题阅读技巧教案.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高三英语完型专题阅读技巧教案高考英语完形填空题是考查英语学问综合运用才能的试题,要求考生从每题所 给的四个选项中选出正确选项,使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整；完形填 空题不单纯考查语言语法学问, 而主要考查考生对上下文的精细懂得和缜密的逻 辑判定才能；记叙文记叙文是高考英语完形填空题考查最多的体裁,它因层次清晰、 脉络分明和情节生动、真挚感人及简洁人题、 好发挥等特点而深受命题专家及广大考生的宠爱；试题特点 试题原材料往往以时间、地点、人物、大事为记叙要素,以交代故事发生、发 展、高潮和结局为记叙过程,以颂扬和批判特定对象为记叙目的；考查方向 完形填空的试题特点打算着将来高考将会加强对考生发挥合抱负象正确猜测下文才能的考查, 加强对考生利用前后句和前后段相：互关系进行推理判定才能的考查,加强对考生利用语境褒贬性进行完形填空信息推断才能的考查；因此,利用语境的规律性、褒贬性和上下文的相互作用是解答完形填空题的关键；专家支招 为了颂扬或批判特定人物, 记叙文的内容往往情感浓烈,真挚感人, 因此表达主人公情感态度的褒贬语境贯穿始终；明显,以主人公境况好坏为线索分析语境的褒贬性可以推断主人公对文章所描述大事的特定情感和态度,从而各个击破空缺未知信息； 现以高考英语试题天津卷完形填空题为例,进行完形填空的信息推 断；谈谈如何利用褒贬语境第一招：查找褒贬语境的产生标志,推断文意的发生；常言说得好,情随事迁；在完形填空语言材料中,主人公的特定心情往往随着文意的发生而产生, 因此分析褒贬语境可以推断文意的发生；褒贬语境的产生往往有其特定的标志, 对褒义语境的描画往往采纳一些欢快、积极、颂扬的语言,对贬义语境的描画往往采纳一些哀痛、消极、排斥的语言； 认真阅读分析原文第一节内容可以看出,with a power she had never before experienced等词汇带有明显的褒义颜色, 反映出主人公淡定不迫的精神状态和驾轻就熟的演出技巧；在这种褒义语境的影响下, 原文已知语言和未知语言都必定带有浓烈的褒义颜色；这种褒贬语境的分析对推断文意发生阶段的未知信息大有裨益；原文 :Roberta appeared on the stage. She took a deep breath and began to speak. Now she was Portia, a strong willed character in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.The theater was filled with people. She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced, the words flowing smoothly from her. 大意：罗伯塔显现在舞台上；她做了一下深呼吸,然后开头讲话；现在她已经变成了鲍西亚,莎士比亚喜剧威尼斯商人中一个意志顽强的人物；剧院坐满了人；她讲话时有一种自己以前从来没有感受过的力气,泻出来；语言顺畅地从她嘴里流分析：这一部分内容中的褒义语言 with a power she had never before experienced对 smoothly 等褒义性答案的推断有打算性作用,对其他各空信息的推断也有很大帮忙；1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 其次招查找褒贬语境的变化标志,推断文意的进展；众所周知,优秀的文章往往情节起伏跌宕, 因此完形填空的褒贬语境也有所变化,这种变化与主人公心情的变化是完全吻合的；明显,只有分析褒贬语境是如何发生变化的, 才能精确分析主人公心情的变化和思想行为的变化,才能最终推断文章未知信息；原文:In fact, Roberta had never acted in her life before the audition 选拔试演 She hated being in front of other people. She was very shy at school. She had never thought she was good enough at anything to attract much attention. She stayed mostly to herself, making few friends. She had excellent grades, but she always thought that something was missing. 大意：事实上在这次选拔试演之前罗伯塔从没有演过戏；她不宠爱待在别人面前；在学校里她特别害羞； 她从没有想到会在某个方面好到能吸引很多关注的程 度；多数时候她独处一室,很少交伴侣；她成果很好,但总认为生活中缺少点什 么；分析： 这部分内容中的had never acted, she had never thought she was good enough at anything, she stayed mostly to herself, she always thought that something was missing.等贬义性句对 hated, shy, few, but 等贬义性答案的推断起 着打算作用,对其它各信息的推断也有很大的帮忙；第三招：查找褒贬语境的进一步变化标志,推断文意的进一步进展；不少完形填空的褒贬语境并不仅仅有一次变化,次变化,这种变化与主人公心情的变化仍旧吻合,往往仍会经受其次次甚至第三 因此查找褒贬语境再次产生变化的标志性词句可以分析主人公心情和心态的变化,从而胜利推断文章未知信息；Two weeks before the audition ,Roberta.s mother had heard about it and encouraged her to join in. I can.t think if anyone else better suited to play the part. Remember all the plays you used to act out for us.”Her mother wouldn't let the matter drop. "You're just a little scared 可怕 . Everyone gets scared. You know you can do it. The trick is to look past the fear to find the love of what you're doing." So Roberta had made an appointment 预约 with the head of the Drama Club. She had read the play and found herself excited by the idea of speaking such rich words. In secret she practiced Portia's part, memorizing the lines by repeating them over and over. It wasn't hard she loved every minute of it. Every time she spoke the words, she had a new understanding of the lines, as if Shakespeare had written Portia on many levels. On the day of the audition, she performed two of Portia's famous speeches for the auditors. When she had finished, the head of the Drama Club announced the part was hers. 大意：选拔试演前两周,罗伯塔的母亲听到这件事,并且勉励她参与；吗.” “ 我想不出任何人比你更适合演这个角色,记得过去你为我们演的戏2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 她母亲不愿让这件事搁浅；“你只是有点可怕；每个人都有点可怕,你知道你能演好这部戏,方法就是忽视可怕心理,找到你对演戏的真爱；”于是罗伯塔与戏剧俱乐部的头头做了预约；她读了剧本, 发觉自己对能够讲剧本中这么丰富语言的想法感到很兴奋；她偷偷试演鲍西亚这一角色, 一遍又 一遍地阅读台词,以便记住台词；她一点都不感到苦,她宠爱其间的每一分钟；每一次她讲台词时, 都对其有新的懂得, 似乎莎士比亚写鲍西亚这一角色时有不 同的版本供不同水平层次的人阅读；选拔试演的那一天, 她表演了鲍西亚的两段闻名台词；终止时戏剧俱乐部 的人宣布这一角色将由她扮演；分析：这一部分内容中的I can.t think of anyone else better suited to - the part .Remember all the plays you used to act out for us. You ,re just a little scared, found herself excited , It wasn.t hard.等褒义性语言对 encouraged , can, loved 等褒义性答案的推断有打算性作用,对其它未知信息的推断也有特别直接的作用；第四招：回读原文,检验褒贬语境；为防止对褒贬语境的推断有偏差而影响答题精确率,做完形填空题后, 仍应回读原文, 看看褒贬语境的推断是否前后一样,是否与文意吻合； 认真回读原文可知, with a power she had never before experienced ,I can.t think of anyone else better suited to - the part .Remember all the plays you used to act out for us. You ,re just a little scared ,found herself excited ,It wasn.t hard. 等褒义颜色浓烈的词句 反映出主人公对角色的宠爱；对演戏的钟情和对胜利的憧憬；而 had never acted ,she had never thought she was good enough at anything, she stayed mostly to herself, she always thought that something was missing.等贬义词句反映出主人公过 去可怕与人相处,羞与人沟通,不敢和人交友的悲观心态；明显,褒贬语境的推断合情合理, 与上下文已知信息和未知信息完全吻合,因此,利用褒贬语境对原文未知信息进行的推断也精确无误；原文： I teach biology at UNLIV three times a week. Last Monday, I cheerfully asked my I how their weekend had been. A young man said his weekend had not been so 2 . Then he asked me why I always seemed so 3 . His question 4 me of something I'd read: "Every morning you get up, you have a 5 about how you want to deal with life," I said. "I choose to be cheerful." "Let me give you an example," I continued, 6 my students. "Besides teaching here, I also teach at a 7 in Henderson." A few weeks ago I drove to Henderson. I 8 the highway and turned onto College Drive. But just then my car 9 down. I tried to start it again, but the 10 would not work. 11 I turned my flashers on, took my books, and 12 down the road to the college. "Immediately I got there, I called and 13 for a tow truck to meet me at my car after 14 . The secretary there asked me what had happened. "This is my 15day." I replied, smiling. She was 16 . "What do you mean." "My car could have broken down anywhere along the highway. It didn't." I replied." 17 , it broke down in the perfect place: off the highway, 18 walking distance of here. I'm still able to teach my class, and I've been able to arrange 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - for the tow truck to meet me after class. If my car 19 couldn't have been arranged in a more convenient way." I ended my story. Everyone was 20 . to break down today, it 1. A. schoolmates 2. A. bad 3. A. cheerful 4. A. informed 5. A. decision 6. A. covering 7. A. school 8. A. exited 9. A. broke 10. A. instrument 11. A. But 12. A. marched 13. A. prepared 14. A. class 15. A. usual 16. A. shocked 17. A. Anyway 18. A. within 19. A. meant 20. A. astonished B. children C. teachers D. students B. good C. sad D. free B. grateful C. hopeful D. thankful B. told C. reminded D. warned B. choice C. preference D. judgment B. touching C. facing D. reaching B. college C. university D. institute B. found C. crossed D. entered B. died C. went D. came B. wheel C. light D. engine B. And C. So D. Or B. drove C. rode D. followed B. looked C. waited D. arranged B. work C. study D. lunch B. unusual C. unlucky D. lucky B. excited C. puzzled D. pleased B. Instead C. Also D. Still B. beyond C. under D. inside B. failed C. tried D. managed B. behaved C. touched D. scared 有人宠爱悲观地看问题, 有人宠爱乐观地看问题, 他们用不同的方式度过 时间；哪一种方式好 .本文作者用自己的亲身经受证明白后者；1D 由首句中的 teach可以推断作者是一个老师,因此该空表示“同学”,应填 students；2B 由上文 how their weekend had been可以推出该空表示 “好”,因此应填 good；3A 由下文第 5 个空后面的 cheerful 可以推出该空应填 cheerful；4C remind sb of sth使某人想起某事,与语境规律吻合；5B 由下文 choose可以推出该空应表示 “挑选 ”,因此应填 choice；6C 由常识可知,老师讲话时应面对同学,因此该空应填 facing；7B 由第 12 个空后面的 college 可以推出该空应填 college；8A 由下文 turnedonto College Drive 可以推出该空表示 “退出”,因此应填 exited；9A 由第 10 个空后面的 would not work 可以推出作者的车子坏了,因此该 空应填 broke；10D 由上文 start可以推出车子发动不起来是发动机的毛病,因此该空应填engine；11C 由语境规律可以推出该空表示努力无效后的结果,因此应填“于是”；So,表示12A 由语境规律可以推出该空表示“前进 ”,因此应填 marched；13D 由最终一段中的arrange可以推出该空应填arrange；4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 14A 由上文可知,作者是赶来上课的,因此该空应填 的 after class是一个验证；class,第 18 空后面15D 由下文作者轻松开心的心情可以推出该空含褒义颜色,因此应填 lucky；16C 由下文秘书问话内容可知其感到困惑,因此该空应填 puzzled；17B 由语境规律可以推出该空表示“相反 ”,因此应填 Instead；18A 由作者来得及上课的事实可以推出该空表示“在 范畴之内 ”,因此应填 within ；19A mean 此处表 “准备 ”；20C 我的故事触动了每个同学；谈论文 谈论文是论述某一观点的文章,常由论点、论据、论证过程和结论四部分构成；试题特点试题常在文章开头就提出论点,让考生对文章观点有一个清晰的明白；接着供应论据来论证论点是否正确；论证方法较多,最为常见的是正反论证,这种论证方法观点明确、思 路清晰,说服力强,感染力强；最终,作者对论点是否正确常给出明确的结论；考查方向试题要求考生弄清论点、论据、推断文章未知信息；专家支招论证过程和结论,并由此懂得文章的细节,从而精确第一招：查找论点,确定文章主旨,懂得文章大意；论点为谈论文最重要的因素,它表达了作者的写作意图,是文章主旨的完备表达,而主旨又制约着文意的延长和情节的进展,因此查找论点确定文章主旨是解答谈论型完形填空题的关键； 值得留意的是,第一节最有可能包含论点；因此考生应认真阅读第一节,弄清作者究竟想说什么,从而,抓住文章的论点,懂得文章的主旨大意；下面以一篇完形填空题为实例加以分析；Everyone has many things to believe. One of the things always believe is that no matter how bad something is, you can 1 something valuable out of it. The 2 I wasn't sure of that was on September 11. I hear older people 3 about the attack on Pearl Harbor 珍宝港 and Kennedy's being murdered and how greatly those events 4 them in their lives. For my 5 , the tragedy 悲剧 of September 11 can be 6 with that of Pearl Harbor. We will be talking about the terrible effect on our country, and on our 7 as single human beings, for years to come. It wasn't until a few weeks 8 September 11 that I began to see that perhaps something good did come from this tragedy. People seem 9 now, more understanding, more friendly. Little things that seemed to be such a bother before are no longer a big deal. 10 , I am more patient than I was. I realize life is too short, and 11 , to let myself get upset over unimportant things. Life is also too short to carry complaints and 12 I've become more forgiving and understanding. I've learned also that you can't take things for granted. You know how we always say" 13 you later. "One thing I have realized from September 11 is that you can't ever say that for sure. 14 change in the blink 瞬间 of an eye. People go to 15 , and don't come back. One minute they are living and the 16 minute they are not.And, it doesn't 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 17 who you are because there is nothing you can do about it. We 18 know when our time here will be over, so we all need to make the 19 of every minute we have. You try to learn from what happened. You can't live by it. All you can do is just to 20 . 1. A. grasp B. catch C. go D. take 2. A. thing B. time C. event D. place 3. A. think B. know C. talk D. learn 4. A. affected B. taught C. surprised D. improved 5. A. opinion B. people C. generation D. children 6. A. connected B. followed C. compared D. mixed 7. A. rest B. lives C. sleep D. work 8. A. after B. before C. since D. from 9. A. happy B. sad C. funny D. different 10. A. Luckily B. Personally C. Generally D. Actually 11, A. terrible B. hard C. precious D. hopeless 12. A. then B. therefore C. yet D. however 13. A. See B. Call C. Meet D. Visit 14. A. Demands B. Things C. Buildings D. People 15. A. offices B. factories C. work D. hospitals 16. A. other B. another C. next D. last 17. A. matter B. trouble C. mean D, realize 18. A. always B. ever C. possibly D. never 19. A. most B. use C. effort D. sense 20. A. study B. work C. live D. play 1- 5 DBCAC 6- 10 CBADB 11-15 CBABC 16-20 CADAC 原文 :Everyone has many things to believe. One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is you can take something valuable out of it. The time I wasn't sure of that was on September 11. 大意：每个人都有很多事情可以信任； 我总是信奉的事情之一是无论一件 事情有多糟,你都能从中获得一些有价值的东西；我对那一点没把握的时候是9月 11 日；分析：认真阅读首节可以发觉其次句就是论点,它是全文的主旨, 是全文的中心思想, 是全文的精神实质, 有理由信任下文作者肯定会举例说明自己是怎 样悟出这一道理的；其次招 查找论据,理清论证过程,懂得文章细节；环绕论点所绽开的列举性说明就是论据,而整个规律推理过程就是论证过程,当然这个论证过程需要由表达全文主旨的论点来引导；认真阅读本文,我们可以发觉说明论点的论证过程如下：论据环节 主要内容 论点 无论发生多糟的事, 你都能从中获得有 益的东西；6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 论据9·11 大事；珍宝港大事；肯尼迪被杀的 大事；论证从前熟悉：这些大事都是灾难,从中猎取不了有益的东西；后来熟悉, 9·11 大事后,人们彼此之间 更懂得,更友好；作者变的更耐心,不再为小事烦心； 作者更能宽容与懂得 别人；作者熟悉到生活多变,不幸随时 有可能降落,因此应过好每一分钟；坏事也有好处,应从中吸取教训,让生 结论 活的每一天都有意义；原文:I hear older people talk about the attack on Pearl Harbor 珍宝港 and Kennedy's being murdered and how greatly those events affected them in their lives. For my generation, the tragedy 悲剧 of September 11 can be compared with that of Pearl Harbor. We will be talking about the terrible effect on our country, and on our lives as single human beings, for years to come. 大意：我听到年纪大一点的人谈论珍宝港大事和肯尼迪被杀大事以及这些大事 是如何影响他们生活的； 对我这一代人来说, 9.11 大事这一悲剧可以和珍宝港事 件相比；今后多年我们将谈论它对我们国家和我们生活产生的可怕影口向；分析：一开头,作者完全沉迷于痛楚之中,只看到糟糕大事的负面影响；原文 : It wasn't until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps something good did come from this tragedy. People seem different now, more undertanding, more friendly. Little things that seemed to be such a bother before are no longer a big deal. Personally, I am more patient than I was. I realize life is too short, and precious, to let myself get upset over unimportant things. Life is also too short to carry complaints and therefore I've become more forgiving and understanding. I've learned also that you can't take things for granted. You know how we always say "See you later." One thing I have realized from September 11 is that you can't ever say that for sure. Things change in the blink 瞬间 of an eye. People go to work and don't come back. One minute they are living and the next minute they are not. And, it doesn't matter who you are because there is nothing you can do about it. We never know when our time here will be over, so we all need to make the most of every minute we have. You try to learn from what happened. You can't live by it. All you can do is just to live. 大意：直到 911 大事几周之后, 我才意识到或许一些好的东西的确从这次悲 剧中产生了； 人们现在似乎不同了, 变得彼此之间更懂得更友好了；过去看起来 是一个大麻烦的小事也不再是那么大不了；就我个人而言,我也比过去更耐心；我意识到生命太短暂, 太珍贵了, 因此不能让自己被小事所困扰；生活太短暂了 而不能再承载埋怨； 因此我变得更能宽容别人, 懂得别人； 我仍熟悉到我们不能 想当然；你知道我们总是说 “再见 ”；从 911 大事中我意识到的一件事是我们有 时不肯定能说再见； 瞬间间事情就可能会变化； 人们好端端去工作, 却没有能回 来；一分钟前他们仍活着, 下一分钟他们就没了； 而且不管你是谁都没有多大关 系,由于你根本无能为力； 我们从来不知道我们的时间什么时候会终止,所以我7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 们都需要充分利用我们所拥有的每一分钟；你应当努力从所发生之事中吸取教 训；你不能靠它生活；你所能做的一切就是活下去；分析：作者看到 9；11 大事给自己和