2022年高中英语知识点总结.docx
精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点1.able 用法: be able to do Note: 反义词 unable表示不能,而disabled表示残疾的;clock; in 3 days.be able to do可以表示经过艰巨困苦才能做到的事;2.abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词;Note: 可以说 from abroad, 表示从国外回来;3.admit 用法:表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式;Note: 表示答应进入的时候与介词to 搭配;4.advise 用法: advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气;即:advise that sb. should do的形式;5.afford 用法:通常与动词不定式搭配使用;Note: 前面需要有be able to或 can 等词;6.after 用法:表示在时间、空间之后;be after表示追寻;Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点,而in 接一个时间段,如:after 3 o7.agree 用法:与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配;Note: agree on表示达成一样; agree to表示批准; agree with表示同意某人说的话;8.alive 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语;Note: 可以作状语使用,表示活活地,如:bury sb. alive. ll succeed sooner or later.9.allow 用法: allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示答应进入,如:Please allow me in. 10.among 用法:用在三者或三者以上的群体中;Note: 仍可以表示其中之一,如:He is among the best. 11.and 用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构;Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件;如:Work hard, and you12.another 用法:表示又一个,泛指,相当于one more的含义;Note: 不能直接加复数名词,需要与一个数词搭配,如:another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法:及物动词,但在作名词时要与介词to 搭配;Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等;如:answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法: be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担忧; be anxious for表示希望得到;15.appear 用法:不及物动词,没有宾语,没有被动语态;Note: 仍可以作为系动词,与seem 同义,表示看起来 ;16.arrive 用法: arrive at表示到一个小地方;arrive in表示到一个大地方;Note: 引申含义表示得出,如:arrive at a decision/conclusion. 17.ask 用法: ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气;即:ask that sb. should do 的形式;18.asleep 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语;Note: 通常与动词 be 及 fall 搭配; sound asleep 表示熟睡;19.attend 用法:表示参与,后面常常加上 meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral 等词;也可以表示照管,照管;Note: attend to可以表示处理、照管等;第 1 页,共 32 页20.attention 用法:pay attention to; draw/catch sbs attentionNote: 写通知时的常用语:May I have your attention, please. 21.beat 用法:表示打败某人,或连续不断地击打某物;Note: heartbeat表示心跳;22.because 用法:后面接缘由状语从句,because of后面接名词;Note: because表示直接缘由,因此只有用它才可以回答why 的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中;23.become 用法:系动词,表示变得 ;可以由好变坏或由坏变好;Note: become of sb.表示某人发生了什么事情;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点24.before 用法: before long, long before, the day before yesterday, the week / year before last 上上周 / 前年Note: It be + 段时间 before 在该句型中,主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态;25.begin 用法: begin to do; begin doing Note: 当 begin 本身是进行时的时候,只能用 begin to do 的形式;如: It was beginning to rain. 26.believe 用法: believe sb. 表示信任某人说的话;believe in sb. 表示信任; 6123 结构;Note: 回答问句时通常用 I believe so/not 的形式;27.besides 用法:表示除 之外仍有,包含在一个整体之中;Note: 仍可以用作副词,表示此外,要用逗号隔开;28.beyond 用法:表示越过、在另一边,如:beyond the wood/bridge. Note: 可以用于引申含义,表示超出 ,如:beyond control/power/description. 29.bit 用法:与 a little 一样可以修饰不行数名词,形容词或副词;Note: 修饰名词时要用 a bit of ; not a bit 表示一点也不;30.blame 用法: take/bear the blame; blame sth. on. sb. Note: 表示应受到责备时不用被动语态,如:He is to blame. 31.blow 用法: blow down/away Note: 表示风刮得很大时要用 blow hard. 32.boil 用法: boiling 表示沸腾的; boiled 表示煮过的;Note: boiling point 可以表示沸点;33.borrow 用法: borrow 表示借入: lend 表示借出;Note: 点动词,不能表示借的时间长短;34.breath 用法:hold ones breath;out of breath; save one表示开 / 关张;s breathNote: take a breath表示深吸一口气;take breath表示喘口气;35.burn 用法:burn down/up/ones handNote: burning表示点着的; burnt表示烧坏的;36.business 用法: on business表示出差; in/out of businessNote: 表示商业时不行数,表示详细的行业时可数;37.busy 用法: be busy with/doing. Note: 不能说 My work is busy. 应说 I am busy with my work. 38.buy 用法: buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb. Note: 点动词,不能表示买的时间长短;39.but 用法:not but. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎,差一点Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing 前有 do ,后面的 to 要省略;Not onl y but also 引导的并列句,前倒后不倒; cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不,只能40.by 用法: by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way Note: by way of 取道,经由; by reason of 由于; by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态;41.care 用法: take care of; with care; care for/about Note: care about 表示在乎,常用于否定句;care for 表示关怀,宠爱,常用于确定句;42.carry 用法: carry 表示搬运; carry on 表示进行;坚持下去;carry out 表示执行;Note: carry 没有方向性,可以表示随身携带;43.case 用法: in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case Note: in case 后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气,即 in case sb. should do 的形式;44.catch 用法: catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with Note: be caught 表示陷入困境,如:He was caught in the rain. 45.cattle 用法:集合名词,动词要用复数形式;如:Cattle are raised here. Note: 一头牛可以用 a head of cattle. 留意十头牛用 ten head of cattle;46.chance 用法:by chance; take a chance; there is a chance thatNote: 在 chance 后面可以用动词不定式或者 of 的结构作定语;47.change 用法: change A for B 表示用 A 换成 B;change A into B 表示把 A 变成 B;Note: 表示变化时是可数名词,表示零钱时不行数;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 32 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点48.class 用法:集合名词,谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思打算;Note: in class 表示在上课, in the class 表示在班上;49.close 用法:动词表示关闭;形容词表示亲热的;副词表示靠近;Note: close 作副词时表示距离上的靠近,而另一个副词形式 closely 表示亲密地;50.clothes 用法:复数名词,谓语动词用复数,不能加不定冠词;Note: 要用 few 或 many 来修饰;51. buy 用法: buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb. Note: 点动词,不能表示买的时间长短;52. but 用法:not but. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎,差一点Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing 前有 do ,后面的 to 要省略;Not only but also 引导的并列句,前倒后不倒; cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不,只能53. by 用法: by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way Note: by way of 取道,经由; by reason of 由于; by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态;54. call 用法:call for / up / back / in / , call on sb. to do sth., pay / make a call on sb. give sb. a call ,on call Note: call at 后面跟地点; call on 后面跟人;55. care 用法: take care of; with care; care for/about Note: care about 表示在乎,常用于否定句;care for 表示关怀,宠爱,常用于确定句;56. carry 用法: carry 表示搬运; carry on 表示进行;坚持下去;carry out 表示执行;Note: carry 没有方向性,可以表示随身携带;57. case 用法: in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case Note: in case 后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气,即 in case sb. should do 的形式;58. catch 用法: catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with, catch sb. doing sth. Note: be caught 表示陷入困境,如:He was caught in the rain. 59. cattle 用法:集合名词,动词要用复数形式;如:Cattle are raised here. Note: 一头牛可以用 a head of cattle. 留意十头牛用 ten head of cattle;60. chance 用法:by chance; take a chance; there is a chance thatNote: 在 chance 后面可以用动词不定式或者 of 的结构作定语;61. change 用法: change A for B 表示用 A 换成 B;change A into B 表示把 A 变成 B;Note: 表示变化时是可数名词,表示零钱时不行数;62. charge 用法:charge sb. with doing sth. that sb. to do sth. charge sb. for $ Note: in charge of 负责;in the charge of 由某人负责 表示的是被动的 ;63. class 用法:集合名词,谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思打算;Note: in class 表示在上课, in the class 表示在班上;64. clear 用法:clear away, clear off, make clear, it is clear thatNote: clear up 及物时表示“ 澄清,整理,整理” ;不及物表示“ 晴朗起来,开朗起来” ;65. close 用法:动词表示关闭;形容词表示亲热的;副词表示靠近;Note: close 作副词时表示距离上的靠近,而另一个副词形式 closely 表示亲密地;66. clothes 用法:复数名词,谓语动词用复数,不能加不定冠词;Note: 要用 few 或 many 来修饰;67. collect 用法:collect stamps; collect ones child from school第 3 页,共 32 页Note: a collect phone表示对方付费的电话;68. come 用法:表示到说话者所处的地方来;常见短语有: come to, come about, come across, come out,come to an end, come down, come up, come into being/ exist / force / effect等;Note: 可用作系动词,表示变成,如:His dreams came true. 69. common 用法:表示普遍性,如:Smith is a common name. Note: common sense表示常识; in common表示共同点;70. compare 用法:compare with 表示把 与 作比较;compare to 表示把 比作 ;Note: 用作状语时,二者都可以表示比较,如:Compared with/to other women, she was very lucky. 71. consider用法: consider doing sth. / what to do / that., consider sb. sth. 6123结构名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点Note: 该词直接跟宾语用动名词但可以用不定式作宾补;considering 引导短语作状语,表示“ 考虑到”72. condition 用法:表示生活、工作等的条件或状况;Note: on condition that 表示只要,条件状语从句;73. content 用法: be content with/to do Note: 表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语;74. cost 用法: sth. cost sb. some money,只能用物作主语;Note: 修饰 cost 要用副词 high 或 low. 75. cover 用法: be covered with 表示状态; be covered by 表示动作;Note: 反义词 uncover 表示掀开盖子; discover 表示发觉;76. cross 用法: cross off 划掉,cross ones mind, cross out, bear one 忍耐痛楚 s cross Note: 作形容词一般用于 be cross with sb. = be angry with sb. 77. crowd 用法: be crowded with Note: 集合名词,谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思打算;78. cure 用法:cure sb. of treat 知表示动作;Note: cure 强调治愈,表示结果;而79. cut 用法: cut down/up/off Note: 作名词时 a short cut 表示捷径;80. damage 用法: do damage to sb. = do sb. harm Note: 表示损害的时候不行数,复数形式可以表示赔偿费;81. danger 用法: in danger表示处于危急的境地;Note: 表示一般概念时不行数,表示详细危急时可数;82. dare 用法:作为情态动词一般用于否定句,疑问句或者条件状语从句;作为实意动词后跟不定式;Note: I dare say that . 意为:我推测,可能,或许;83. dark 用法: before/after dark; in the dark Note: 可以表示深色的,如:dark blue. 84. deal 用法: a great/good deal of 修饰不行数名词;Note: 作动词时构成短语 deal with, 常与副词 how 搭配;85. defeat 用法:及物动词,后面的宾语是国家,队,军队等名词;Note: 不能用人作宾语;86. demand 用法:demand to do; demand that , demand of sb. to do sth.Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气;即:demand that sb. should do 的形式;87. depend 用法:depend on sb./ sth. / ones doing sth. / to do sth. Note: depend 不及物动词,常和 on 连用;意为“ 依靠,信任”88. desert 用法:名词表示沙漠;动词表示抛弃;Note: 可以用过去分词作表语或定语,表示废弃的,如:a deserted house. 89. determine 用法: determine to do; determine sb. to do Note: 过去分词表示有决心的,可以说 be determined to do sth. 决心做 表示状态90. devote 用法: devote oneself to; be devoted to Note: 与 devote 搭配的 to 是介词,后面接名词或动名词;如:His whole life was devoted to teaching. 91. die 用法: die of/from/for/out/ away Note: 点动词,不与 for 引起的时间状语连用;92. difficulty 用法: have difficulty with; have difficulties with sth. ; have difficulty in doing sth. ; Note: 表示一般概念时不行数,表示详细困难时可数;93. disagree 用法: disagree with sb. H e disagreed with you, didnt he?Note: disagree虽然在形式上有否定前缀,但并不是个否定词;留意它的反义问句形式:94. distance 用法: in the distance; at a distance Note: 可用于引申含义,表示时间上或情感上的距离;95. divide 用法:divide into 表示把 分成几份;强调分成等份;第 4 页,共 32 页Note: 可以表示除法,如:Nine divided by three is three. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点96. do 用法: do away with, do sb. a faour; do up; do with., do wonders, do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb. Note: 主要用作及物动词;不及物时表示“ 行” :If you have no pen, pencil will do. 97. doubt 用法: doubt sb. / sth. , beyond doubt, in doubt, no doubt, without a doubt Note: 主句是否定句时宾语用 that 引导;主句是确定句时宾语用 whether / if 引导;98. downtown 用法:副词,前面不加介词,如:go downtown. Note: 可用作定语,如:a downtown street. 99. draw 用法: draw a picture/the curtain Note: 引申含义表示得出,如:draw a conclusion/lesson. 100. dream 用法:dream of/about/that高中英语词组固定搭配一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24 个常用动词help to do sth. 帮忙做某事afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事hope to do sth. 期望做某事arrange to do sth.支配做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事beg to do sth. 恳求做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事plan to do sth. 方案做某事choose to do sth. 打算做某事prepare to do sth. 预备做某事decide to do sth. 打算做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事expect to do sth. 期望做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事fear to do sth. 可怕做某事wish to do sth. 期望做某事注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:aim to do sth. 准备做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事第 5 页,共 32 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结优秀学问点第 6 页,共 32 页long to do sth. 期望做某事hesitate to do sth. 徘徊做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事二、接不定式作宾补的36 个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 宠爱某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 准备要某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍耐某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .促使某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 勉励某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提示某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告知某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 厌恶某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮忙某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 准备要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事汉语的“ 原谅某人做某事” ,英语可说成excuse forgive sb. for doing sth.;汉语的“ 期望某人做某事” ,英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.;汉语的“ 建议某人做某事” ,英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.;汉语的“ 支配某人做某事” ,英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.;汉语的“ 要求某人做某事” ,英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.;汉语的“ 感谢某人做某事” ,英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.;汉语的“ 庆贺某人做某事” ,英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.;汉语的“ 阻挡某人做某事” ,英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.;三、接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34 个常用动词admit doing sth. 承认做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事advise doing sth. 建议做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事allow doing sth. 答应做某事forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事give up doing sth. 舍弃做某事avoid doing sth. 防止做某事imagine doing sth. 想象做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事keep doing sth. 保持做某事delay doing sth. 推迟做某事mention doing sth. 提及做某事deny doing sth. 否认做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事discuss doing sth. 争论做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事dislike doing sth. 不宠爱做某事pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事enjoy doing sth. 宠爱做某事permit doing sth. 答应做某事escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事prevent doing sth. 阻挡做某事fancy doing sth. 设想做某事prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事report doing sth. 报告做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 understand doing sth. 懂得做某事四、接现在分词作宾补的 20 个常用动词bring sb. doing sth. 引起某人做某事 look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事catch sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 留意到某人做某事discover sb. doing sth. 发觉某人做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 观看某人做某事feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事 prevent sb. doing sth. 阻挡某人做某事find sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事 see sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 send sb. doing sth. 使某人(突然)做某事have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 set sb. doing sth. 使(引起)