2022年高考英语一轮复习语法名词性从句.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载高考英语一轮复习（语法）名词性从句名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句；引导名词性从句的连词有：A. 连词：that, whether, if （这三个词都不作从句的成分,同时,that 无含义,而 whether 和 if 都表“ 是否” ）B. 疑问代词： who, whom, whose, what, which C.疑问副词： when, where, why, how （一）主语从句在复合句中充当主语的从句；1.that 引导主语从句 that 引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词,既无词义也不作成分,只起单纯的连接作用,且通常不行以省；为了强调 that 引导的主语从句而置之于句首时,that 不行省；That the driver could not control his car was obvious. That she was chosen made us very happy. That he will come is certain. That he would take the risk is true. That he should have married her isn't surprising. 通常, that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语,把从句置于句尾,此时that有时可省；例如：It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. It made us very happy that she was chosen. It is certain that he will come. It is true that he would take the risk. It isn't surprising that he should have married her. 假如以 that 从句为主语的句子是疑问句,就只能用先行词it结构；例如：Is it certain that he will come. Is it true that he would take the risk. it 做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：1It + be + 形容词 + that-从句It is likely that he will come. It is strange that she has ever trusted him. It is important that he（should attend the meeting. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载It is best that he should go. 此句型在表示惊奇、欢乐、遗憾等感情颜色时,用（ should ）+ v 原形；that 从句中的谓语动词也常 It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan. 2It + be +名词 + that-从句 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. It's a pity that he should have massed the train. 3 It + be + -ed分词 + that从句 It is said that he is a famous writer. It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon. 在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中,that从句中的谓语动词常用（should ）do；（参见虚拟语气部分）It is suggested that the meetingshould）be held this afternoon. It is demanded that he should leave at once. 4 It + seem/happen/appear 等不及物动词 +that 从句；（look 不接 that 从句,它接 to be 结构或形容词）It seems that he is wrong. It appears that they are in urgent need of help. He looks to be surprised/happy/sad. 置 2. whether 引导主语从句,意为“ 是否”,只起连接作用,不充当任何成分；于句首时必需用 whether 引导,置于句尾时,间或可用 if ； Whether he will win the game is not clear. Whether he will come is uncertain. Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me. It is not clear whether/if he will come. It was uncertain whether he would come. 3. 连词代词 what, who, which, whose等引导的主语从句；这些连接代词作用相当于代词,在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；What we need is more time. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. Whose book it is not important. Which school you want to go matters much. 4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的主语从句；这些连接副词相当于副词,在从句中充当状语；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载Why he did this is not known. When he will come is still unknown. It is not known why he did this. How he succeeded is unknown to us. Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed. 留意 wh- 引导的主语从句也常用 it 作形式主语；5. 也可用 whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever 等词引导主语从句,表示“ 无论什么” 、“ 无论谁” 、“ 无论何时” 、“ 无论在（到）哪里” 等；Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right. Whatever he gave you should be handed in. Whoever told you that was lying. Whoever comes is welcome. （二）表语从句在复合句中充当表语；1. that 在引导表语从句时无含义,不作成分,通常不省；1 表示事实、真理等的实际内容；The fact is that he is lying. The odds are that he will not do it. 2）表示某人的看法、信念等的实际内容；Our belief is that things will improve. The trouble is that we are short of money. 2. whether引导表语从句（不行用if His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. The question is whether people will buy it. 3. 连接代词引导的表语从句；This is what I want. The question is who can be chosen to be manager of the company. My question is which of them is better. 4. 连接副词引导的表语从句；The problem seemed how we could make him understand it. The question is where we should go. 5. as if, as though 引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）He looks as if he were angry. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载It looks as if it's going to rain. 三 宾语从句 在复合句中充当宾语；1. that 引导宾语从句时无含义,不充当成分,常省略；that 不引导介词的宾语从句, 至于 except that, in that, save that, but that 等是复合从属连词；I know （that ）you have met him. Let's suppose that one day this happens to you. 在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）；例如：I told him（that ）he was wrong. 在少数动词如： think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine,calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的从句中的否定词常常转移到主句谓语动词上, 这叫否定前置 / 否定转移；hope “ 期望”, guess “ 认为” 后的宾语从句否定不前置；I hope not.“ 我希望不是那样的” ,是 I hope so. 的否定式； I don“ 我不期望如此” ； 如：I don't think it will be very cold today. I don't think you are right. I don't believe he has finished his work. 留意t hope so. 是对 hope 的否定：并非必需否定转移；如需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移；不行把全部可否定转移动词的否定句都懂得为否定宾语从句,要依据句意或语 境而定；I don t think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.我不认为外交是私人可以经营的领域；We didnt think wed be this late.我们没有料到我们会来得这么晚；当 think用在疑问句中, 或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用,或主句中的谓语动词被 do 强调时,不能否定转移；Why do you think we can't change your note. I do believe Tom never tells a lie. They still didnt believe that the food would come.他们仍旧不信任洪水会来临；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I can 学习好资料欢迎下载t believe that they are married.我不能信任他们已结婚了；否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情形；主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时,或主句动词与情态动词连用,就不能否定转移；此时如主句动词为否定,应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定；I had thought that he would not come. 当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, not.enough, cant help doing等时不能否定转移；I think I can't help laughing if I see it. I believe he never tells a lie. 很多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句置于句尾；We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance. 2. whether, if引导宾语从句：表示“ 是否” 可互换,口语中常用if ；He asked if she would come. 留意以下情形下 whether 不行用 if 换：1 引导主语从句置于句首时；2whether 后没有单词间隔而直接跟or not时；I don't know whether or not he will come. 3 whether 从句作介词宾语时；They are talking about whether he will win the game. Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 4whether 后接不定式时；I don't know whether to attend the meeting. 的宾语从句时；5 动词 discuss, decide 3. 连接代词 what,who,whose等引导的宾语从句；Tell me what you want. Do you know who will come at the meeting. 留意 who,whom 依据传统语法,从句中 whom,但在口语中常用 who,如：who 所取代的名词假如是宾语应用宾格Do you know whom（who）he will invite. whose, which, what 三个词都带有形容词性质； whose表示全部,意为“ 谁的” ；名师归纳总结 which 意为“ 哪一个” ,what 意为“ 什么” ；如：第 5 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载Whose book it is not important. Please tell me which school you want to go. He didn't know what time it was. 一般说来,which 指的是在一个详细的、 较明确的、有限的、较小范畴；而 what就指较广的或不明确的范畴；如：which food ,说话人一般指眼前的或明确范畴的几种“food ” ；what food 就指很多“food ” ,而且说话人心中没有数；I don't know which / what food you want. 假如范畴较大或者没有什么范畴,最好用“what food ”4. 连接副词 when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句；I don't know when the meeting will be held. Please tell me where I can find Tom. He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting. Can you tell me how I can get to the post office. 5. 可用 whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever 等引导宾语从句；Please write down whatever he is saying. I don't know whoever will come. I'll do whatever you ask me to. 6. 表示爱憎情感的动词,如：enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, dont mind, resent, appreciate（感谢）等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如：count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to, 等后,即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语 I like it when she smiles at me. I love it when you sing. I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public. it ,再接宾语从句；除了 but, besides, except, in, save, beyond 六个介词后跟 that 引导的宾语从句外,其他介词都不能；in that 是“ 由于” 的意思,其余五个与 that搭配都是“ 除了 ” ； 四 同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语；1. that 引导同位语从句；在以下名词后可用 that 引导同位语从句 answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, suggestion, thought, truth 等；I had no idea that you were here. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载The story goes that William killed his wife. He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health. Suddenly the thought came to me that he would go blind. 留意 同位语从句引导词that 无含义,不充当成分, 不行省略； 同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词为同一内容, 故可以用is把前边的中心词和从句连接成一个句子；同位语从句前一般没有逗号；that 引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区分：that 引导同位语从句时只起连接作用,不充当任何成分；that引导定语从句时,在从句中要作成分,如主语、宾语等；He told me the news that our team won. （that 引导同位语从句）The news that / which he told me was very exciting. （that 引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语）2. 在 no idea, question, problem等后可用 wh-疑问词引导同位语从句,if不引导同位语从句；I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea what he said. 3. 辨析: 引导名词性从句时what 与 whatever, who与 whoever 的区分：what 与 whatever ：What you want has been sent here. what = the things that/all that/anything that 特指 Whatever you want makes no difference to me. whatever = anything that 泛指 （特指）What caused the accident was a broken bottle.Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.（泛指）who 与 whoever ：Who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided. who 表疑问,表示“ 谁” ,“ 哪一个” ；Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 名师归纳总结 whoever = anyone who ,表示“ 无论哪个人” 第 7 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -