2022年高中英语语法复习学案教师版动词的时态和语态 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载高中英语语法复习学案教师版动词的时态和语态动词的时态动词的时态一共有16 种，以 ask 为例，将其各种时态的构成列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask / asks asked will ask would ask 进行is / am / are asking was / were asking will be asking would be asking 完成have / has asked had asked will have asked would have asked 完成进行have / has been asking had been asking will have been asking would have been asking 一、一般体考点（一）一般现在时1. The geography teacher told us that the earth moves (move) around the sun. 2. Water boils (boil) at 100 . 3.The careless driver has just been fined $ 10 for stopping his car at a sign that reads (read) “NO PARKING ”.4. Whatever you say (say), I will not change my mind. 5. Don t try to run before you begin (begin) to walk. 6. I ll go with you if Ifinish (finish) my work. 【总结】1定义：表示现在的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。时间状语： every day; often; usually; always; seldom; sometimes 2. 一般现在时可以表示客观事实或普通真理。3. 在让步、时间和条件状语从句中以及主语是祈使句时常用一般现在时代替将来时。（二）一般过去时1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she promised(promise)! 2. My uncle didn t marry (marry) until he was forty-five. 3. - You haven t said a word about my new car, Brenda. Do you like it? - I m sorry Ididn t say (not say) anything about it sooner. I certainly think it s pretty on you. 4. - Come on in, Peter. Iwant to show you something. - Oh, how nice of you! I never thought (think) you were (be) going to bring me a gift. 5. - Your phone number again! Ididn t catch (not catch) it. - It s 9598442. 【总结】定义：过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的状态。含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已经不这样。时间状语： then; at that time; just now; three days ago; yesterday; when 或 while 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句（三）一般将来时将来时用法例句1 will + 动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态（事物固有的属性或必然趋势）My sister will be ten next year. 2 be going to +动词原形1. 口语中表示“打算、计划”做某事；2. 根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；3. 用于条件句中，表将来；而will 不行Itis going toclear up. We are going to have a party tonight. If you are going to come to my house, you d better phone me first. 3 be + doing 进行时表示将来go; come; start; begin; move; leave; arrive; stay 等词可用进行时表示按照计划或即将发生的动作He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? 4 be about to +动词表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面Iwas about to leave when the bell 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载原形一般不跟时间状语rang. The meeting is about to close. 5 be to + 动词原形表示按照计划或安排要做的事We are to meet at the school gate at noon. 6 一般现在时表示将来一 些 起 止 的 动 词come; go; leave; arrive; fly; return; start; begin; close; end; stop 等，用来表示时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情The meeting starts at five o clock. The plane leaves at ten this evening. 【总结】1. 定义：将来某一时刻要发生的动作或所处的状态。时间状语：soon; next week; tomorrow 等2. be to + 动词原形的用法：(1) You are to do your homework before you watch TV . = have to / must“必须“(2) You are to report the police. = should / ought to “应该”(3) If we are to be there before 10, we ll have to go now. = intend / want “打算；想”(4) What are we to do next ？用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。(5) You are not to smoke in the room. = mustn t“禁止”，用于否定句中(6) The news is to be found in the evening newspaper. = may / can“可以；可能”【题组训练】1. If a man is to succeed (succeed), he must work as hard as he can. 2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to watered if they are to survive (survive). 3. Look at these clouds. Itis going to rain (rain). 4. - You ve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. I will go(go) and turn it off. 二、进行体考点1. As she was / is reading (read) the newspaper, Grammy fell / falls (fall) asleep. 2. The reporter said that the UFO was travelling (travel) east to west when he saw (see) it. 3. He is always thinking (think) of others first. 4. He is always making (make) the same mistake. 5. - Have you moved into the new house. - Not yet. The rooms are being painted (pain). 6. Shirley was writing (write) a book about China last year but I don t know whether she has finished it. 7. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not easy task because technology is changing (change) so rapidly. 8. I don t really work here. Iam just helping (help) out until the new secretary arrives. 【总结】1. 定义1）现在进行时：说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2）过去进行时：过去某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 时间状语1）现在进行时：now; right now 等2）过去进行时：at this time yesterday 等3. 一个长动作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作用进行体，短动作用一般体。4. 进行体表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪。常与always; continually; constantly 等连用。5. 进行体表示动作的未完成性、暂时性。三、完成体考点（一）现在完成时1. In the past few years, great changes have taken (take) place in my hometown. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载2. He has been (be) busy writing a book recently. 3. He has written (write) 8 books so far. 4. He has already turned (turn) off the light. (the light is off now) 5. Has the concert started (start) yet? (Is the concert on now?) 6. I have never seen(see) the film. (I don t know the film now) 7. I will not believe you unless Ihave seen (see) it with my own eyes. 8. I will go with you as soon as Ihave finished (finish) my work. 9. 改错1) He has come to Beijing since last year. He has been / lived in Beijing since last year. He came to Beijing last year. 2) He has joined the army for 3 years. He has served in the army for 3 years. He joined the army 3 years ago. He has been a soldier for 3 years. It is / has been three years since he joined the army. 【总结】1. 定义和时间状语：1）表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，（也许还将持续下去） 。时间状语： lately; recently; in the last / past few years, since then; up to now; so far 等2.) 一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。时间状语： already; just; yet; never; before 等2. 在条件、时间或让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已经完成的动作3. 瞬间动词用完成时态不可以接一段时间的状语瞬间动词有： come; go; get to / reach / arrive in / arrive at; leave; buy; sell; open; close; get up; join / take part in; begin / start; return; give; borrow; lend; become; turn; bring; take; die; finish / end; receive / hear form; marry; break; lose; jump (二) 过去完成时1. She had learned (learn) some English before she came to the institute. 2. He said that he had been (be) around for 3 years. 3. By then he had learned (learn) English for 3 years. 4. Until then he had known (know) nothing about it yet. 5. Ihad meant (mean) to help you, but I was so busy at the moment. 6. Ihad hoped (hope) to meet Mr. Smith this morning, but I found nobody left in the room. 【总结】1. 定义：一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时。时间状语：before; 或从句和上下文。2. 从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作。时间状语：by then; by that time; by the end of + 过去时间3. 表示过去未能实现的愿望和意图。如：mean; expect; hope; intend; want; think; suppose 四、现在完成进行时1. We have been learning (learn) English for 5 years. 2. - Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? - No, but we have been trying (try) to get in touch with them ever since. 【总结】表示一个动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。具有未完成性、暂时性和一定的感情色彩。五、固定句型中的时态搭配名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载1. This is the first time that Ihave come(come) here. It was the third time that he had made (make) the same mistake is have It / This the first / second time + that sb. done sth. was had 2. It is / has been (be) more than 2 years since we went to TumoteMiddle school. It was / had been (be) ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. is / has been + 一般过去时It +一段时间 + since was / had been + 过去完成时3. No sooner hadIgot(get) home than the rain poured down. Hardly had we started (start) when the car got a flat tyre. Hardly / Scarcely / Barely when + had done + + 从句（从句用一般过去时）No sooner than 4. The conference will have lasted (last) a full week by the time it ends. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left (leave). 现在时 将来完成时by the time + 过去时 过去完成时5. I was about to leave(leave) the room when the phone rang. He was doing (do) his homework when suddenly the electricity supply was cut off. sb. be doing sth. sb. be about to do sth. + when sb. be on the point of doing sth. sb. has / have done sth. 六、高考时态易混点（一）一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：1. Iread (read) the novel last month. 2. Ihave already read (read) the novel written by the world-famous writer. 【总结】1. 现在完成时“利用过去，说明现在”，不能同表示过去的时间状语连用。2. 一般过去时“仅谈过去，不关现在”，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。（二）一般过去时和过去完成时的区别1. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasn t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost 2. - Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. - Oh! I thought they _ without me. A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone 【总结】两种时态建立的时间参照点不同：一般过去时是对说话时刻而言过去完成时是对某一时刻而言（三）现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载1. I have read that book. 我已经读过那本书了。2. I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。【总结】两者都可以表示“从开始一直持续到”如着重表示动作的时，多用现在完成时如着重表示动作的时，多用现在完成进行时动词的被动语态以 ask 为例，将各种时态的被动语态构成列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般进行完成完成进 行一、何时用被动语态1. - George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? - No. I (not invite). Did they have a big wedding? 2. - The window is dirty. - I know. It (not clean) for weeks. 3. All the employees except the manager (encourage) to work online at home. 【总结】1. 谁是动作的执行者，或指明谁是动作的执行者。2. 需要或动作的承受者或事件本身。二、使用被动语态需要注意的问题（一）主动变被动时双宾语的变化My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. （二）主动变被动时，原来做宾语补足语的不定式前需要加to The boss made him work all day long. 这样的动词主要有“一感；二听；三让；五看”：（三）短语动词变被动语态时，不可丢掉动词后的介词或副词1. She took good care of the children. 2. You should pay attention to your spelling. （四）情态动词变被动语态，只需要将之后的动词原形变为be + 过去分词1. We must prevent him from going. 2. We ought to put the plan into practice as soon as possible. （五） get + 动词过去分词也可以表示被动语态，多用于口语中1. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。2. 他从车上掉下来，摔死了。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载三、主动形式表示被动意义（一）系动词 +形容词构成系表结构时1. 苹果吃起来味道很好。2. 这朵花闻起来真香。3. 这则消息证明是真实的。4. 棉花摸起来很柔软。5. 肉已经变质了。系动词：（1）感觉 : （2）变得：（3）保持：（4）似乎：（5）其他 : （二）表示开始、结束、运动的动词在表示主语的某种属性时。如：begin; start; finish; open; close; stop; end; shut; run; move 等1. 商店每天六点关门。2. 会议于 10 月 26 日结束。3. 这扇窗户关不上。4. 不要关上这扇窗户。5. 很多花都是早晨张开晚上合上。（三）表示主语的品质和状态的动词带副词修饰语时。如：read; write; wash; clean; cook; cut; wear; sell; dry; drink; eat 等1. 这种布易洗。2. 这些小说卖得不好。3. 我的钢笔写起来很流畅。4. 这把刀很好使。（四）少数动词用于进行时的时候。如：print; cook; fly; hang; build; make等1. 这些书正在印刷中。2. 肉正在锅里煮着呢。3. 我的雨衣在门后挂着呢。. （五）少数动词的ing 形式可以主动表被动，而用不定式时，必须用被动形式。如：need; want; require 而形容词 worth 后面接动词ing 形式也是主动表被动。1. 这张桌子需要修理了。2. 这本书很值得读。（六） 不定式做名词的后置定语时，与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又与句子的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动表被动。1. 我有个重要的会议要参加。2. 我将给这些孩子一些好书读。(七) 动词不定式在某些形容词（如：difficult; hard; easy; comfortable; safe等）后面做状语时，与句子的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式常用主动表被动。1. 这本书对于我们很难理解。2. 我们发现学好英语很容易。(八) there be 句式中，修饰主语的动词不定式用主动或被动均可，但口语中常用主动形式。有很多事情要做。（九）介词in; on; for; under + 名词构成的介词短语（如：on show; for sale; under repair 等） ，主动表示被动。这座大楼正在维修。（十） with 的复合结构中，不定式做宾语补足语，主动表被动。有许多难题要解决,新当选的总统是很难的。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -